Living Knowledge · Confidence Timeline

empagliflozin improves HbA1c in type 2 diabetes

Scientific confidence changes as new graded, independent evidence accumulates. This timeline shows how the evidence for this claim has evolved — what changed, why it changed, and which scientific dimension moved.

Confidence
81%
Uncertainty 72%–89% (±9%)
Evidence coverage
Substantial70%
19 evidence families4 independent groupsRegulatory standing: approvedLast meaningful update: 26 Aug 2022
0%50%100%
supporting no-effect contradicting coverage-only— confidence┄ evidence coverage

What changed, and why

  • Quiet period1 Oct 2022 – 31 Jul 2026
    No confidence movement

    47 evidence events retrieved. 47 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    81% → 81%
    Uncertainty
    ±9% → ±9%
    Coverage
    68% → 70%

    Confidence was unchanged at 81%. Evidence coverage rose from 68% to 70%.

    • Coverage increased
  • Quiet period30 Jul 2019 – 1 Aug 2022
    No confidence movement
    Coverage 79% → 68%

    42 evidence events retrieved. 42 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).

  • Coverage-only evidence

    Confidence
    81% → 81%
    Uncertainty
    ±9% → ±9%
    Coverage
    83% → 79%

    Confidence was unchanged at 81% — 1 coverage-only item (on-topic, no readable direction) was retrieved but did not change it. Evidence coverage fell from 83% to 79%.

    • Coverage decreased
  • Quiet period23 May 2019 – 1 Jun 2019
    No confidence movement

    3 evidence events retrieved. 3 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).

  • New supporting evidence

    Major change
    Confidence
    76% → 81%
    Uncertainty
    ±11% → ±9%
    Coverage
    82% → 83%

    Confidence increased by 4 points to 81% after 1 independent supporting evidence family was incorporated. Uncertainty narrowed from ±11% to ±9%. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 83%.

    • Confidence increased
    • Uncertainty narrowed
  • Quiet period28 Jun 2018 – 18 Apr 2019
    No confidence movement

    15 evidence events retrieved. 15 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).

  • New supporting evidence

    Major change
    Confidence
    71% → 76%
    Uncertainty
    ±13% → ±11%
    Coverage
    82% → 82%

    Confidence increased by 5 points to 76% after 1 independent supporting evidence family was incorporated. Uncertainty narrowed from ±13% to ±11%. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 82%.

    • Confidence increased
    • Uncertainty narrowed
  • Quiet period25 May 2018 – 31 May 2018
    No confidence movement

    2 evidence events retrieved. 2 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).

  • New supporting evidence

    Major change
    Confidence
    66% → 71%
    Uncertainty
    ±24% → ±13%
    Coverage
    81% → 82%

    Confidence increased by 4 points to 71% after 1 independent supporting evidence family was incorporated. Uncertainty narrowed from ±24% to ±13%. Evidence coverage rose from 81% to 82%.

    • Confidence increased
    • Uncertainty narrowed
    • Coverage increased
  • Quiet period26 Jan 2018 – 1 Mar 2018
    No confidence movement

    2 evidence events retrieved. 2 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    66% → 66%
    Uncertainty
    ±24% → ±24%
    Coverage
    80% → 81%

    Confidence was unchanged at 66%. Evidence coverage rose from 80% to 81%.

    • Coverage increased

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    66% → 66%
    Uncertainty
    ±24% → ±24%
    Coverage
    79% → 80%

    Confidence was unchanged at 66%. Evidence coverage rose from 79% to 80%.

    • Coverage increased
  • Quiet period27 Sep 2017 – 27 Sep 2017
    No confidence movement

    1 evidence event retrieved. 1 was coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).

  • Coverage-only evidence

    Confidence
    66% → 66%
    Uncertainty
    ±24% → ±24%
    Coverage
    85% → 79%

    Confidence was unchanged at 66% — 1 coverage-only item (on-topic, no readable direction) was retrieved but did not change it. Evidence coverage fell from 85% to 79%.

    • Coverage decreased
  • Quiet period16 Jun 2017 – 1 Jul 2017
    No confidence movement

    2 evidence events retrieved. 2 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    66% → 66%
    Uncertainty
    ±24% → ±24%
    Coverage
    85% → 85%

    Confidence was unchanged at 66%. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 85%.

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    66% → 66%
    Uncertainty
    ±24% → ±24%
    Coverage
    83% → 85%

    Confidence was unchanged at 66%. Evidence coverage rose from 83% to 85%.

    • Coverage increased
  • Quiet period1 Mar 2015 – 2 Feb 2017
    No confidence movement
    Coverage 91% → 83%

    12 evidence events retrieved. 12 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).

  • Regulatory eventSeparate axis

    Confidence was unchanged at 66%. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 91%. 1 regulatory event was recorded on the separate regulatory-standing axis and did not change efficacy confidence.

  • Quiet period13 Dec 2013 – 13 Dec 2013
    No confidence movement
    Coverage 100% → 91%

    1 evidence event retrieved. 1 was coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    66% → 66%
    Uncertainty
    ±24% → ±24%
    Coverage
    100% → 100%

    Confidence was unchanged at 66%. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 100%.

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    65% → 66%
    Uncertainty
    ±24% → ±24%
    Coverage
    100% → 100%

    Confidence was unchanged at 66%. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 100%.

  • Quiet period1 May 2013 – 1 Jul 2013
    No confidence movement

    2 evidence events retrieved. 2 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    65% → 65%
    Uncertainty
    ±24% → ±24%
    Coverage
    100% → 100%

    Confidence was unchanged at 65%. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 100%.

  • Quiet period1 Aug 2012 – 1 Nov 2012
    No confidence movement

    2 evidence events retrieved. 2 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    65% → 65%
    Uncertainty
    ±25% → ±24%
    Coverage
    100% → 100%

    Confidence was unchanged at 65%. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 100%.

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    64% → 65%
    Uncertainty
    ±25% → ±25%
    Coverage
    100% → 100%

    Confidence increased by 1 point to 65% after 1 independent supporting evidence family was incorporated. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 100%.

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    64% → 64%
    Uncertainty
    ±25% → ±25%
    Coverage
    100% → 100%

    Confidence increased by 1 point to 64% after 1 independent supporting evidence family was incorporated. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 100%.

  • New supporting evidence

    Major change
    Confidence
    62% → 64%
    Uncertainty
    ±26% → ±25%
    Coverage
    100% → 100%

    Confidence increased by 1 point to 64% after 1 independent supporting evidence family was incorporated. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 100%.

    • Confidence increased

  • New supporting evidence

    Major change
    Confidence
    59% → 62%
    Uncertainty
    ±27% → ±26%
    Coverage
    100% → 100%

    Confidence increased by 4 points to 62% after 1 independent supporting evidence family was incorporated. Uncertainty narrowed from ±27% to ±26%. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 100%.

    • Confidence increased
    • Uncertainty narrowed

  • New supporting evidence

    Major change
    Confidence
    51% → 59%
    Uncertainty
    ±30% → ±27%
    Coverage
    100% → 100%

    Confidence increased by 7 points to 59% after 1 independent supporting evidence family was incorporated. Uncertainty narrowed from ±30% to ±27%. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 100%.

    • Confidence increased
    • Uncertainty narrowed
  • Quiet period1 Jun 2011 – 1 Jan 2012
    No confidence movement

    2 evidence events retrieved. 2 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).

  • New supporting evidence

    Major change
    Confidence
    45% → 51%
    Uncertainty
    ±33% → ±30%
    Coverage
    100% → 100%

    Confidence increased by 6 points to 51% after 1 independent supporting evidence family was incorporated. Uncertainty narrowed from ±33% to ±30%. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 100%.

    • Confidence increased
    • Uncertainty narrowed
  • Quiet period1 Dec 2009 – 1 Dec 2009
    No confidence movement

    1 evidence event retrieved. 1 was coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).

  • New supporting evidence

    Major change
    Confidence
    0% → 45%
    Uncertainty
    ±45% → ±33%
    Coverage
    100%

    Confidence increased by 45 points to 45% after 1 independent supporting evidence family was incorporated. Uncertainty narrowed from ±45% to ±33%.

    • Confidence increased
    • Uncertainty narrowed
  • Quiet period1 Apr 2008 – 1 Apr 2008
    No confidence movement

    1 evidence event retrieved. 1 was coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).

  • Coverage-only evidence

    Confidence
    0% → 0%
    Uncertainty
    ±45% → ±45%

    Confidence for this claim was first established at 0% from 1 coverage-only item (on-topic, no readable direction).

View all evidence · 164 items in the ledger
  • trialNCT01924767 — Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of 4 MultineutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
  • trialNCT00558571 — Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of 4 WeeksneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
  • trialNCT00749190 — A Phase II, Randomized, Parallel Group Safety, Efficacy, and PharmacokneutralStructured CT.gov result — no clinically-meaningful HbA1c change in the drug arm (-0.09%).
  • trialNCT00789035 — A Phase IIb, Randomized, Parallel Group Safety, Efficacy, and PharmacosupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change of Glycosilated Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) From Baseline After 12 Weeks of Treatment' (Baseline and 12 weeks): drug -0.43% vs placebo +0.09% (Δ -0.52%, p<0.0001).
  • trialNCT00885118 — A Phase II, Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Multiple DosneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
  • trialNCT01907113 — Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Safety and Tolerability of a SinglneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
  • trialNCT00881530 — A 78 Week Open Label Extension to Trials Assessing the Safety and EffisupportsStructured CT.gov secondary outcome 'Change From Baseline in HbA1c Over Time': drug arm -0.4% (vs an active comparator, not placebo).
  • trialNCT01276288 — Investigation of Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Interactions BetwneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
  • trialNCT01316341 — Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of BI 10773 After Single and MulneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
  • trialNCT01159600 — A Phase III Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel GrosupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'HbA1c Change From Baseline' (Baseline and 24 weeks): drug -0.7% vs placebo -0.13% (Δ -0.57%, p<0.0001).
  • trialNCT01177813 — A Phase III Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Parallel GrousupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) After 24 Weeks' (Baseline and day 169): drug -0.66% vs placebo +0.06% (Δ -0.74%, p<0.0001).
  • trialNCT01210001 — A Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Parallel Group EfficacysupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'HbA1c Change From Baseline' (Baseline and 24 weeks): drug -0.59% vs placebo -0.11% (Δ -0.48%, p<0.0001).
  • trialNCT01011868 — A Phase IIb, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel GrsupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) After 18 Weeks of Treatment' (Baseline and 18 weeks): drug -0.58% vs placebo +0.03% (Δ -0.56%, p<0.0001).
  • trialNCT01193218 — A Double-blind, Randomised, Parallel Group Efficacy and Safety Study osupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change From Baseline in HbA1c After 12 Weeks of Treatment.' (baseline and 12 weeks): drug -0.42% vs placebo +0.3% (Δ -0.72%, p<0.0001).
  • trialNCT01164501 — A Phase III, Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel GrneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
  • trialNCT01257334 — A Phase III Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel GroneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT01370005 — A Phase III Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel GrosupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'HbA1c Change From Baseline' (Baseline and 12 weeks): drug -0.59% vs placebo +0.03% (Δ -0.62%, p<0.0001).
  • trialNCT01392560 — An Open-label 8-week Adjunctive-to-insulin and Renal Mechanistic PilotneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
  • trialNCT01581658 — A Phase I, Open-label, Parallel-group Study to Investigate PharmacokinneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
  • trialNCT01306214 — A Phase III, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel GrneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
  • trialNCT01368081 — A 52-week, Randomised, Multi-centre, Parallel Group Study to InvestigasupportsStructured CT.gov secondary outcome 'Change From Baseline in HbA1c': drug arm -0.93% (vs an active comparator, not placebo).
  • trialNCT01289990 — A Phase III Double-blind, Extension, Placebo-controlled Parallel GroupneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
  • trialNCT01248364 — An Open-label, Phase II Study to Determine Acute (After the First DoseneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
  • trialNCT01422876 — A Phase III Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel Group Study to EvaluatesupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) for Metformin Background Patients': drug arm -1.19% (vs an active comparator, not placebo).
  • trialNCT01649297 — A Randomised, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled, Parallel Group EfficacsupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'HbA1c (Glycosylated Haemoglobin) Change From Baseline at Week 16' (Baseline and 16 weeks): drug -0.83% vs placebo -0.22% (Δ -0.61%, p<0.0001).
  • trialNCT01947855 — A Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel Group, 4-weekneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
  • paperRenal hemodynamic effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in patients with type 1 diabetneutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • regulatoryEMA — approved—Regulatory standing (separate axis) — never inflates evidential confidence.
  • trialNCT01778049 — A Phase III, Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel Group Study to EvaluatneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
  • trialNCT01131676 — A Phase III, Multicentre, International, Randomised, Parallel Group, DneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
  • trialNCT01167881 — A Phase III Randomised, Double-blind, Active-controlled Parallel GroupneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
  • paperEmpagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes.neutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • trialNCT01867307 — An Open-label Mechanistic Study to Examine the Effect of Oral EmpaglifneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
  • trialNCT02401880 — Effects of Linagliptin in Addition to Empagliflozin on Islet Cell PhysneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT02121483 — An Open-label, Randomised, Multicentre, Single-dose, Parallel Group TrneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
  • trialNCT02471963 — Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo Controlled, Crossover Clinical StudyneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT02854748 — A Randomized, Open-label, Multiple Dosing, Crossover Study to EvaluateneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT02702011 — A Phase II, Multicentre, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled,neutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
  • trialNCT01984606 — A Phase IIIb Randomised, Double-blind, Active-controlled, Parallel GroneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT03059056 — Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Empagliflozin in Healthy Egyptian VoluntneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT02182830 — A Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel Group, EfficasupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change From Baseline in Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) (%) at 24 Weeks' (baseline and 24 weeks): drug -0.71% vs placebo +0.07% (Δ -0.78%, p=0.0002).
  • trialNCT02589626 — A 52-week Randomised, Double-blind, Parallel Group, Safety and EfficacsupportsStructured CT.gov secondary outcome 'Change From Baseline in HbA1c After 52 Weeks of Treatment': drug arm -0.55% (vs an active comparator, not placebo).
  • trialNCT02489968 — A Phase III, Randomised, Double-blind, Parallel Group, 24-week Study tneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
  • trialNCT02964572 — Effect of Sodium Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitor on Inflammatory CyneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT02580591 — A Phase III, Randomised, Double Blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel GrneutralStructured CT.gov result — no clinically-meaningful HbA1c change in the drug arm (-0.09%).
  • trialNCT02728453 — SGLT2 Inhibition With Empagliflozin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes MneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT02414958 — A Phase III, Randomised, Double Blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel GrsupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change From Baseline in Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) at Week 26' (Baseline to week 26): drug -0.44% vs placebo +0.09% (Δ -0.54%, p<0.0001).
  • trialNCT02589639 — A 52-week Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-groupsupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) After 16 Weeks of Treatment.' (Baseline and 16 weeks): drug -0.92% vs placebo 0% (Δ -0.92%, p<0.0001).
  • trialNCT03060980 — A Phase 3b, Randomized, Active Comparator, Open-label, Multicenter StuneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT03050229 — SGLT-2i and ARB Combination Therapy in Patients With T2DM and NocturnaneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT02863328 — Efficacy and Safety of Oral Semaglutide Versus Empagliflozin in SubjecsupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change in HbA1c': drug arm -0.9% (vs an active comparator, not placebo).
  • trialNCT03771781 — A Single-Center, Open-Label, Randomized, Single-Dose, Two-Period, Two-neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT03113110 — Empagliflozin in Post-Transplantation Diabetes MellitusneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT03152552 — A Multi-center, Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel-group Dose-finding supportsStructured CT.gov secondary outcome 'Change From Baseline in Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) at Weeks 12 and 36' (Baseline, Week 12, Week 36): drug -0.44% vs placebo -0.04% (Δ -0.4%).
  • trialNCT03157414 — Efficacy and Safety of Empagliflozin in Renal Transplant Recipients WineutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT02792400 — The Role of Glucagon in the Effects of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 InhibitoneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT02637973 — Effects of Empagliflozin on Liver Fat Content, Energy Metabolism and BneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT02985242 — SGLT2-inhibition With Empagliflozin Reduces Progression of Diabetic ReneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT02998970 — Effects of Empagliflozin on Cardiac Structure, Function, and CirculatineutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT03895229 — The Effect of Morning Versus Evening Administration on The PharmacokinneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT02964715 — The Effect of Empagliflozin on NAFLD in Asian Patients With Type 2 DianeutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT02768220 — The Effect of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors on Advanced GlneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT02918591 — The Physiological and Cardiovascular Effects of Empagliflozine in TypeneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT03565458 — An Open-label, Randomized, Multiple-dose, Crossover Study to Evaluate neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT03226457 — Renal and Cardiovascular Effect of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 (SGneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
  • trialNCT03132181 — Empagliflozin as a Modulator of Systemic Vascular Resistance and CardineutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT03639545 — The Effects of Empagliflozin on Functional and Structural Arterial WalneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT03642184 — Efficacy and Safety of Empagliflozin Compared With Linagliptin in New-neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT03462069 — A Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel-group, 2-treatment Multiple Dose neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT03351478 — A 26-week Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled, Parallel-group, MulticsupportsStructured CT.gov pre-specified responder outcome 'Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7.0% at Week 26' (N=770) — significantly favours the drug vs placebo: 35.6 vs 15.6 (threshold_achievement vs placebo, p=0.0001).
  • trialNCT04143321 — Anti-anginal and Antiischemic Effects of Empagliflozin in Diabetic PatneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT03027960 — Empagliflozin in Heart Failure: Diuretic and Cardio-Renal EffectsneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT03504566 — Rotation for Optimal Targeting of Albuminuria and Treatment EvaluationneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT02632747 — A Double-blind, Placebo Controlled, Cross-over Renal Mechanistic TrialneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
  • trialNCT02798744 — SGLT-2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin Effects on Appetite and Weight RegulatineutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT03208465 — Empagliflozin Versus Sitagliptin Therapy for Improvement of MyocardialneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT03078101 — Effect of Empagliflozin on the Renin-angiotensin System in Patients WineutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT04061473 — Involvement of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 and Sodium-glucose Co-transporteneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT04497792 — A Long-term, Randomized Study to Evaluate the Effects of EmpagliflozinneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT03227484 — A Double-blind Randomized Study to Determine the Effect of EmpagliflozneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT03510000 — Alleviating Carbohydrate-Counting Burden in Type 1 Diabetes Using ArtineutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT01001962 — Double Blind Comparison Study of JARDIANCE® (Empagliflozin) in PrehypeneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT02890745 — EMPOX - A Randomised, Double-blinded, Placebo Controlled Study That EvneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT03118336 — Impact of Empaglifozine on Cardiac Ectopic FatneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT03173963 — Empagliflozin in Early Diabetic Kidney DiseaseneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT03485092 — Studies of Empagliflozin and Its Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic EneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • paperEmpagliflozin reduces vascular damage and cognitive impairment in a mixed murine model of Alzheimer'neutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • trialNCT03254849 — Effects on Blood Pressure and Central Sympathetic Nerve Traffic by SGLneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • paperEffects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists, Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors, andneutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • trialNCT03151343 — Effects of SGLT-2 Inhibitor on Myocardial Perfusion, Function and MetaneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT04014192 — Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Islet Cell Function and Insulin SensitineutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT03933956 — Metabolic Effects of the SGLT-2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin in Patients WineutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT04215445 — Effect of Sodium Glucose co Transporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibition on OpticaneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT02932436 — A Phase IV, Single-center, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlleneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT04665284 — Safety And Efficacy Of Empagliflozin In Pakistani Muslim Population WineutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT03554200 — Effect of Empagliflozin on Cardiac Output in Patients With Acute HeartneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • paperRandomized Trial of Empagliflozin in Nondiabetic Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection FrneutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • trialNCT04431141 — A Randomized, Open-label, Multiple-dose, Cross-over Dosing Study to EvneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT03560375 — The Effect of a Circuit Resistance Training, Empagliflozin or "VegeterneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT04061200 — Renal Effects of Treatment With Empagliflozin Alone or in Combination neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT05359432 — Comparison of Empaglifozin and Vildagliptin in Efficacy and Safety in neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT03979352 — Effect of SGLT2 Inhibition on Improving the Glycemic Performance of thneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT05210517 — Uric Acid Excretion Study: Open-label Randomised Cross Over StudyneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT04143581 — Evaluating the Short-Term Renal and Systemic Effects of SGLT2 InhibitineutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT04238702 — A Randomized, Comparator-controlled, Cross-over Intervention Study to neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT04183868 — Comparative Effects of Empagliflozin Versus Glimepiride After 26-weeksneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT04018365 — A Multicenter, Open-label, Single-arm Study With Regard to the EfficacneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT04910178 — Evaluating the Effect of Pentoxifylline, Ursodiol, and Empagliflozin oneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT03753087 — A Phase 4, Single-center, Randomized, Parallel Group Study to Assess EneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT05359341 — Comparative Study of DPP-4 Inhibitors and SGLT-2 Inhibitors in EgyptianeutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT04243850 — A Single-center, Prospective, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind, RandomneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT04233801 — A Phase III, Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel GrneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
  • trialNCT04221152 — A Multicenter, Open-label, Single-arm, Extension Study With Regard to neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT04702490 — A Phase 2A Study to Evaluate MET409 Alone or in Combination With EmpagneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT03646292 — Comparison of The Effects of Thiazolidinediones(TZD), Sodium- Glucose neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT05109949 — Acute Effect of Empagliflozin vs Dapagliflozin vs Placebo AdministratineutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT04531462 — A Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel Group, 52 WeesupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change in HbA1c From Baseline After 52 Weeks of Treatment' (Change in HbA1c from baseline after 52 weeks of treatment was calculated using the MMRM model which is a longitudinal analyses and it incorporates HbA1c values from baseline and after 4 weeks, 12 weeks, 24 weeks, 36 weeks and 52 weeks of treatment.): drug -0.69% vs placebo -0.12% (Δ -0.57%, p<0.0001).
  • trialNCT04917692 — Empagliflozin in Adolescent DiabetesneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT05037695 — SGLT-2 Inhibitors in Prevention of Post-procedural Renal and CardiovasneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT05857085 — Impact of Additional Treatment With Empagliflozin or Semaglutide on EnneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT03437330 — Empagliflozin Effect on Glucose Toxicity in Type 2 Diabetes Patients -neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT03429543 — A Double-blind, Randomised, Placebo-controlled, Parallel Group Trial tneutralStructured CT.gov result — no clinically-meaningful HbA1c change in the drug arm (-0.17%).
  • trialNCT05417646 — Impact of SGLT2 on Glucosuria in HNF1A-MODYneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT05977465 — Clinical Study to Investigate the Possible Effect of Empagliflozin in neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT04976283 — Which Oral Combination of Anti-diabetes Medication May Work Better in neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT04203927 — Effects of Empagliflozin on Cardiac Microvasculature and Insulin SensineutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT04907214 — The Effect of SGLT2 Inhibition on Adipose Tissue Inflammation and EndoneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
  • trialNCT03877406 — Decrease in Body Fat and Increase in Ketone Body After 6-month TreatmeneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT04796428 — Intraclass Safety and Efficacy Comparison Among SGLT-2 Inhibitors in EneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT04523064 — Empagliflozin for Prevention of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients With TneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT05139472 — Impact of Empagliflozin on Functional Capacity in Heart Failure with PneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT05364190 — Efficacy and Safety of Early Initiation of Canagliflozin in Patients WneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT06145360 — Effectivity of Empagliflozin Addition to Insulin and Oral AntidiabeticneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT04117763 — Effect of EMPAgliflozin on The HeterogeneitY of Ventricular RepolarizaneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT04583813 — Efficacy of Empagliflozin in Patients With Heart Failure and Atrial FineutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT05942963 — PEARL-DM: Efficacy of Empagliflozin and Pioglitazone in Diabetic PatieneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT05373004 — Comparison Between the Efficacy of Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter 2 InhneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT05232071 — A Placebo-controlled, Proof-of-concept Study to Evaluate the Safety anneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT06313008 — A Clinical Study Comparing Effects of Empagliflozin Versus VildagliptineutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT06578676 — A Clinical Study to Evaluate the Safety and Pharmacokinetic InteractioneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT03912909 — Effects of SGLT-2 Inhibition on Sympathetic Nervous System Activity inneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT03215069 — Empagliflozin and the Preservation of Beta-cell Function in Women withneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT04541797 — Stress Cardiac Magnetic Resonance of Asymptomatic Type 2 Diabetics witneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT05254002 — A Parallel-group Treatment, Phase 2, Double-blind, Three-arm Study to neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT06021145 — Effectiveness of Empagliflozin Added to Automated Insulin Delivery (AIneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT06187285 — Efficay and Safety of Empagliflozin Versus Sitagliptin for the In-patineutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT07169981 — Effect of Empagliflozin 10 vs 25 mg on LV Remodeling in Diabetic PatieneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT05614115 — Safety, Tolerability, and Feasibility of Empagliflozin Therapy in DialneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT04603508 — National, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Triple-dummy, Phase IneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT05444153 — Efficacy and Safety of Early Initiation of Oral Semaglutide 50 mg OnceneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT06828731 — Sodium-glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitor Use in Pre-diabetes: Initial EvneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT06094920 — Optimization of Albuminuria-Lowering Therapies for Individual PatientsneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT07541456 — Comparison of Mean Blood Pressure in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes MelneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT06095492 — Effect of Empagliflozin Versus Linagliptin on Glycemic Outcomes, RenalneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT06098625 — Effect of Empagliflozin Versus Linagliptin on Glycemic Outcomes, RenalneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT05638880 — Clinical Study to Evaluate the Possible Efficacy and Safety of LevocetneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT05140694 — A Randomized, Active-comparator Controlled, Parallel-group Study, to EneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT06846411 — Empagliflozin Versus Metformin for Glucose Variability and Metabolic OneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT04906213 — CardioRenal Effects of SGLT2 Inhibition in Kidney Transplant RecipientneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT07591077 — Effect of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter (SGLT) 2 Inhibitors on DiabeticneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT07120828 — The Role of CYP8B1 Polymorphisms in Modulating the Biochemical PathwayneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT06933355 — Acute Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitor on Kidney Allograft Oxygen Tension: AneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT06851962 — Open-label, Double-arm, Controlled, Randomized, Multicentre Clinical TneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT05313529 — Effects of Liraglutide, Empagliflozin and Linagliptin on Mild CognitivneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
View methodology and known limitations
Engine methodology v1.7.0. Methodology-version changes are recorded separately from new evidence; a change in engine version reinterprets existing evidence and is not a new scientific discovery.
  • Engine constants are calibrated against a small anchor set — coarse, not authoritative.
  • Evidence is skewed toward the drug's sponsor; genuinely independent replication is the honest ceiling.
  • Paper direction is extracted from abstracts; the hedged tail stays neutral (coverage, not confidence).
  • Regulatory approval is tracked on a separate axis and never inflates evidential confidence.
Computed 2026-08-05 · not medical advice.