Living Knowledge · Confidence Timeline
pioglitazone improves HbA1c in type 2 diabetes
Scientific confidence changes as new graded, independent evidence accumulates. This timeline shows how the evidence for this claim has evolved — what changed, why it changed, and which scientific dimension moved.
Confidence
91%
Uncertainty 87%–95% (±4%)
Evidence coverage
Substantial73%
20 evidence families12 independent groupsRegulatory standing: approvedLast meaningful update: 11 Dec 2014
What changed, and why
- Quiet period1 Apr 2015 – 5 Jul 2026No confidence movementCoverage 76% → 73%
39 evidence events retrieved. 39 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).
- Regulatory eventSeparate axis
Confidence was unchanged at 91%. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 76%. 1 regulatory event was recorded on the separate regulatory-standing axis and did not change efficacy confidence.
- Quiet period1 Apr 2013 – 1 Jan 2014No confidence movement
8 evidence events retrieved. 8 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).
New supporting evidence
- Confidence
- 91% → 91%
- Uncertainty
- ±4% → ±4%
- Coverage
- 75% → 76%
Confidence was unchanged at 91%. Evidence coverage rose from 75% to 76%.
- Coverage increased
New supporting evidence
- Confidence
- 91% → 91%
- Uncertainty
- ±4% → ±4%
- Coverage
- 74% → 75%
Confidence was unchanged at 91%. Evidence coverage rose from 74% to 75%.
- Coverage increased
- Quiet period1 Dec 2012 – 1 Jan 2013No confidence movementCoverage 77% → 74%
2 evidence events retrieved. 2 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).
Coverage-only evidence
- Confidence
- 91% → 91%
- Uncertainty
- ±4% → ±4%
- Coverage
- 81% → 77%
Confidence was unchanged at 91% — 1 coverage-only item (on-topic, no readable direction) was retrieved but did not change it. Evidence coverage fell from 81% to 77%.
- Coverage decreased
- Quiet period27 Sep 2012 – 1 Nov 2012No confidence movementCoverage 85% → 81%
2 evidence events retrieved. 2 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).
New supporting evidence
Major change- Confidence
- 90% → 91%
- Uncertainty
- ±5% → ±4%
- Coverage
- 83% → 85%
Confidence increased by 1 point to 91% after 2 independent supporting evidence families were incorporated. Evidence coverage rose from 83% to 85%.
- Confidence increased
- Coverage increased
New supporting evidence
Major change- Confidence
- 88% → 90%
- Uncertainty
- ±5% → ±5%
- Coverage
- 82% → 83%
Confidence increased by 1 point to 90% after 1 independent supporting evidence family was incorporated. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 83%.
- Confidence increased
- Quiet period1 Jan 2012 – 28 Apr 2012No confidence movement
9 evidence events retrieved. 7 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction) and 2 were regulatory events (separate axis).
New supporting evidence
Major change- Confidence
- 87% → 88%
- Uncertainty
- ±6% → ±5%
- Coverage
- 81% → 82%
Confidence increased by 1 point to 88% after 2 independent supporting evidence families were incorporated. Evidence coverage rose from 81% to 82%.
- Confidence increased
- Coverage increased
- Quiet period1 Jul 2011 – 1 Jul 2011No confidence movement
2 evidence events retrieved. 2 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).
New supporting evidence
Major change- Confidence
- 85% → 87%
- Uncertainty
- ±7% → ±6%
- Coverage
- 80% → 81%
Confidence increased by 2 points to 87% after 1 independent supporting evidence family was incorporated. Evidence coverage rose from 80% to 81%.
- Confidence increased
- Coverage increased
- Quiet period1 Apr 2011 – 1 Apr 2011No confidence movement
1 evidence event retrieved. 1 was coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).
New supporting evidence
- Confidence
- 84% → 85%
- Uncertainty
- ±7% → ±7%
- Coverage
- 79% → 80%
Confidence increased by 1 point to 85% after 1 independent supporting evidence family was incorporated. Evidence coverage rose from 79% to 80%.
- Coverage increased
- Quiet period1 Jan 2011 – 1 Jan 2011No confidence movement
3 evidence events retrieved. 3 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).
New supporting evidence
Major change- Confidence
- 82% → 84%
- Uncertainty
- ±8% → ±7%
- Coverage
- 77% → 79%
Confidence increased by 2 points to 84% after 1 independent supporting evidence family was incorporated. Uncertainty narrowed from ±8% to ±7%. Evidence coverage rose from 77% to 79%.
- Confidence increased
- Uncertainty narrowed
- Coverage increased
- Quiet period1 Nov 2010 – 1 Nov 2010No confidence movement
5 evidence events retrieved. 5 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).
Coverage-only evidence
- Confidence
- 82% → 82%
- Uncertainty
- ±8% → ±8%
- Coverage
- 83% → 77%
Confidence was unchanged at 82% — 1 coverage-only item (on-topic, no readable direction) was retrieved but did not change it. Evidence coverage fell from 83% to 77%.
- Coverage decreased
- Quiet period1 Sep 2010 – 1 Oct 2010No confidence movement
2 evidence events retrieved. 2 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).
New supporting evidence
Major change- Confidence
- 80% → 82%
- Uncertainty
- ±9% → ±8%
- Coverage
- 83% → 83%
Confidence increased by 2 points to 82% after 1 independent supporting evidence family was incorporated. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 83%.
- Confidence increased
- Quiet period1 Dec 2009 – 1 Jul 2010No confidence movementCoverage 91% → 83%
10 evidence events retrieved. 10 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).
New supporting evidence
Major change- Confidence
- 78% → 80%
- Uncertainty
- ±10% → ±9%
- Coverage
- 89% → 91%
Confidence increased by 2 points to 80% after 1 independent supporting evidence family were incorporated. Evidence coverage rose from 89% to 91%.
- Confidence increased
- Coverage increased
- Quiet period1 Jul 2009 – 1 Sep 2009No confidence movement
2 evidence events retrieved. 2 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).
New supporting evidence
- Confidence
- 78% → 78%
- Uncertainty
- ±10% → ±10%
- Coverage
- 88% → 89%
Confidence was unchanged at 78%. Evidence coverage rose from 88% to 89%.
- Coverage increased
- Quiet period1 Apr 2009 – 1 Apr 2009No confidence movement
1 evidence event retrieved. 1 was coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).
New supporting evidence
Major change- Confidence
- 73% → 78%
- Uncertainty
- ±12% → ±10%
- Coverage
- 86% → 88%
Confidence increased by 5 points to 78% after 1 independent supporting evidence family was incorporated. Uncertainty narrowed from ±12% to ±10%. Evidence coverage rose from 86% to 88%.
- Confidence increased
- Uncertainty narrowed
- Coverage increased
- Quiet period1 Nov 2008 – 1 Feb 2009No confidence movement
5 evidence events retrieved. 5 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).
New supporting evidence
- Confidence
- 72% → 73%
- Uncertainty
- ±12% → ±12%
- Coverage
- 100% → 86%
Confidence was unchanged at 73%. Evidence coverage fell from 100% to 86%.
- Coverage decreased
New supporting evidence
- Confidence
- 72% → 72%
- Uncertainty
- ±13% → ±12%
- Coverage
- 100% → 100%
Confidence increased by 1 point to 72% after 1 independent supporting evidence family was incorporated. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 100%.
- Quiet period18 Mar 2008 – 1 Jun 2008No confidence movement
3 evidence events retrieved. 3 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).
New supporting evidence
Major change- Confidence
- 69% → 72%
- Uncertainty
- ±14% → ±13%
- Coverage
- 100% → 100%
Confidence increased by 3 points to 72% after 1 independent supporting evidence family was incorporated. Uncertainty narrowed from ±14% to ±13%. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 100%.
- Confidence increased
- Uncertainty narrowed
New supporting evidence
Major change- Confidence
- 57% → 69%
- Uncertainty
- ±28% → ±14%
- Coverage
- 100% → 100%
Confidence increased by 12 points to 69% after 1 independent supporting evidence family was incorporated. Uncertainty narrowed from ±28% to ±14%. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 100%.
- Confidence increased
- Uncertainty narrowed
New supporting evidence
Major change- Confidence
- 45% → 57%
- Uncertainty
- ±33% → ±28%
- Coverage
- 100% → 100%
Confidence increased by 12 points to 57% after 1 independent supporting evidence family was incorporated. Uncertainty narrowed from ±33% to ±28%. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 100%.
- Confidence increased
- Uncertainty narrowed
- Quiet period1 Oct 2007 – 1 Jan 2008No confidence movement
5 evidence events retrieved. 5 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).
New supporting evidence
Major change- Confidence
- 0% → 45%
- Uncertainty
- ±45% → ±33%
- Coverage
- 100%
Confidence increased by 45 points to 45% after 1 independent supporting evidence family was incorporated. Uncertainty narrowed from ±45% to ±33%.
- Confidence increased
- Uncertainty narrowed
- Quiet period1 Jan 2003 – 1 Jun 2007No confidence movement
28 evidence events retrieved. 28 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).
- Regulatory eventSeparate axis
Confidence for this claim was first established at 0%. 1 regulatory event was recorded on the separate regulatory-standing axis and did not change efficacy confidence.
View all evidence · 165 items in the ledger
- regulatoryEMA — approved—Regulatory standing (separate axis) — never inflates evidential confidence.
- trialNCT00521742 — A Randomized, Double-Blind, Comparator-Controlled Study of PioglitazonneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00280865 — Dose-Finding, Efficacy, and Safety of AZ 242 (Tesaglitazar) in SubjectneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00521820 — A Randomized, Double-Blind, Comparator-Controlled Study of PioglitazonneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00331487 — Pioglitazone Versus Rosiglitazone in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes MelneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00598793 — Biphasic Insulin Aspart 70/30 + Metformin Compared to Insulin GlargineneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT01799850 — The Impact of Actos Treatment of Diabetes on Glucose Transporters in MneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00672919 — A Single-Arm, Open-Label, Multicenter Study Evaluating the TriglyceridneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00676260 — Effect of Pioglitazone 15 mg or 30 mg on Microcirculation in Type 2 DineutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00174993 — PROspective PioglitAzone Clinical Trial In MacroVascular Events: A MacneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00494312 — A Randomized, Comparator Controlled, Double-Blind Study of the Liver SneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00097279 — A Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomised Trial to Compare the Efficacy anneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00762736 — A Phase II, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Proof-of-ConneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00143520 — A Randomized, Double-blind, Double-dummy, Placebo-controlled 26-week DneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00225264 — A Double-Blind, Randomized, Comparator-Controlled Study in Subjects WineutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00229684 — A 24-week, Randomised, Parallel-Group, Multi-Centre, Open-Label Study neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00138554 — Extension to a Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Vildagliptin in ComneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00106808 — A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-blind, Active Controlled, Multicenter TrneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00479986 — Effects of Pioglitazone in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00212290 — Insulin Resistance and Central Nervous System (CNS) Function in Type 2neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00226330 — A Double-Blind, Multi-Centre, Active-Controlled (15, 30, and 45 mg PioneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00609856 — Differences in Metabolic and Cardiovascular Effects of Pioglitazone vsneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00086515 — A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Study to Evaluate the Safety aneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
- trialNCT00819325 — Prevention of Neointimal Proliferation With Aggressive Reduction of GlneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00196989 — A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00290940 — A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of tneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00159211 — Evolution of Abdominal Adipose Tissue Distribution in Type 2 Diabetic neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00376181 — A Phase 3 Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study to DetermneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00482183 — Comparison of Bare Metal Stent With Pioglitazone Versus Sirolimus-ElutneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00286494 — A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to DsupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) at Week 26.' (Baseline and Week 26.): drug -0.66% vs placebo -0.19% (Δ -0.47%, p<0.001).
- trialNCT00571506 — A Pilot Study to Determine the Effects of Short-term ThiazolidinedioneneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00225277 — A Double-Blind, Randomized, Comparator-Controlled Study In Subjects WineutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
- trialNCT01090752 — Effects of the PPAR-gamma Agonist Pioglitazone on Renal and Hormonal RneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
- trialNCT00108615 — Effects of Insulin Sensitizers in Subjects With Impaired Glucose TolerneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00402012 — Pioglitazone Reverses Defects in Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Patients neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00099853 — Efficacy and Safety of Vildagliptin in Combination With Pioglitazone ineutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00395512 — A Multicenter, Double-Blind Study to Determine the Efficacy and SafetysupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change From Baseline to Week 26 in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)' (Baseline and Week 26): drug -1.71% vs placebo -0.96% (Δ -0.75%, p<0.001).
- trialNCT00500331 — A Double-blind, Randomized 12-week Study to Evaluate the Safety and EfsupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change From Baseline (Week 0) in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) (%) at Week 12' (Baseline (Week 0) and Week 12): drug -1.07% vs placebo -0.31% (Δ -0.76%, p<0.001).
- trialNCT00328627 — A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to DsupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change From Baseline to Week 26 in HbA1c' (Baseline and Week 26): drug -1.34% vs placebo -0.13% (Δ -1.21%).
- trialNCT00411892 — Effect of Inhaled Insulin (AERx® iDMS) Plus Pioglitazone Versus PioglineutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00276497 — Role of Pioglitazone in Preventing DiabetesneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00232362 — Effect of Pioglitazone on Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in Type neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00727857 — A Phase 3b, Double-Blind, Randomized Study to Determine the Efficacy asupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Percent Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin': drug arm -1.83% (vs an active comparator, not placebo).
- trialNCT00295633 — A Multicenter, Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled, Phase IIIneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
- trialNCT01318070 — A Phase 2/3, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-GrsupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (Week 12).': drug arm -0.91% (vs an active comparator, not placebo).
- trialNCT00816218 — Molecular Mechanisms of Endothelial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes MelneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00327015 — A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Active-Controlled, Phase 3 TrineutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
- trialNCT00437970 — Drug naïve Indigenous Australians With Type 2 Diabetes, Enrolled in a neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00760578 — A Phase 2A, Randomized, Double-Blind, Comparator- and Placebo-ControllneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
- trialNCT00771004 — Pilot Trial Studying the Effects of Pioglitazone in Comparison to PlacneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00484198 — A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo and Active Comparator-Controlled, supportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change in Hemoglobin A1c From Baseline Through Week 26 Endpoint With Last Observation Carried Forward (LOCF) Following Rivoglitazone or Pioglitazone Compared to Placebo as Monotherapy Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus' (Baseline up to 26 weeks post-dose): drug -0.5% vs placebo +0.3% (Δ -0.8%).
- trialNCT00722917 — A Phase II, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-and Active-Controlled, MneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00432276 — A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Study to Determine the EfficacsupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)' (Baseline and Weeks 26 and 52.): drug -0.89% vs placebo -0.42% (Δ -0.47%).
- trialNCT01432405 — Effect of Exenatide Treatment on Hepatic Fat Content and Plasma AdipocneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
- trialNCT00637273 — A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Multicenter Study to CompaneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
- trialNCT00507494 — Influence of Pioglitazone for Renal Transplant Function in Diabetics -neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- paperEfficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin added to pioglitazone in patisupportsEfficacy on the claim outcome reported in the conclusion.
- trialNCT00780715 — Response To Oral Agents in Diabetes (ROAD)- Pilot StudysupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'HbA1c Change': drug arm -1.04% (vs an active comparator, not placebo) — only N=29, treated as weak.
- trialNCT00639457 — Exercise and Pioglitazone for HIV-Metabolic SyndromesneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
- trialNCT00231894 — Pioglitazone as a Treatment for Lipid and Glucose Abnormalities In PatneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
- trialNCT00121667 — "A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase IIneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
- trialNCT00749047 — A Study on the Anti-proteinuric Effects of Pioglitazone in Patients WineutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00220961 — Actos Now for Prevention of Diabetes (ACT NOW)neutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
- trialNCT00485056 — Pioglitazone on Cardiac Function and Large Arteries (PICCOLA)neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00680745 — A 24-Week,Int.,Rand.,Double-blind,Parallel-group,Multi-centre, Plac.-CneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
- trialNCT01082120 — Open, Randomized, Phase I Study in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes MellineutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT01589445 — Modulation of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity in BangladeshineutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
- trialNCT00845182 — Effect of Pioglitazone With and Without Exenatide on Body Weight, Fat neutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
- trialNCT00443755 — Effect of Insulin Sensitizer Therapy on Atherothrombotic and InflammatsupportsStructured CT.gov secondary outcome 'Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)' (Baseline, 3 months): drug -0.35% vs placebo +0.19% (Δ -0.54%, p=0.02) — only N=28, down-weighted.
- trialNCT01156597 — Effects of Pioglitazone on Reverse Cholesterol Transport and HDL FunctneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
- trialNCT00991055 — To Compare the Efficacy and Safety Between Pioglitazone Added to CombineutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- paperExercise training augments the peripheral insulin-sensitizing effects of pioglitazone in HIV-infecteneutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
- trialNCT00656864 — Effects of Pioglitazone on the Regulation of Insulin Secretion in PatineutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00744367 — A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study to AneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00879970 — AVANDIA CV Outcomes Study: Thiazolidinedione Intervention With VitaminneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
- trialNCT00909597 — A Multicenter, Randomized, Double Blind (Double Dummy), Active ControlneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT01028963 — A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo- and Active-Controlled, Phase 2 StneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00885352 — A Phase III Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial to Study thesupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (A1C) at Week 26' (Baseline and Week 26): drug -1.15% vs placebo -0.4% (Δ -0.7499999999999999%).
- trialNCT00328393 — Effect of Pioglitazone on Ambulatory Blood PressureneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00579813 — Mechanisms Underlying Metabolic Syndrome in ObesityneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
- trialNCT00676338 — Safety and Efficacy of Exenatide Once Weekly Injection Versus MetformineutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
- trialNCT00722371 — A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Study of the Co-AdministrationsupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1C (A1C) at Week 24' (Baseline and Week 24): drug -1.53% vs placebo -1.09% (Δ -0.43999999999999995%).
- trialNCT00376870 — Prevention of Coronary Artery in STENT Restenosis With the Combined UsneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00763815 — A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, 2-arm Parallel-group, supportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Absolute Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) at Week 24' (Baseline, Week 24): drug -0.9% vs placebo -0.34% (Δ -0.56%, p<0.0001).
- trialNCT00861341 — Effects of Pioglitazone on Platelet FunctionneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
- trialNCT01230749 — A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo- and Active Comparator-Controlled,neutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
- trialNCT01280695 — A Phase 2a, Randomized, Double-Blind, Comparator- and Placebo-ControllneutralStructured CT.gov result — no clinically-meaningful HbA1c change in the drug arm (-0.14%).
- trialNCT00179400 — The Role of Acute Combined Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated ReceptorsneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
- trialNCT01396564 — Comparison of the Effects of Pioglitazone and Metformin on Resistin PlneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00232583 — Preservation of Beta-cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes MellitusneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
- trialNCT01040819 — Does Pioglitazone Increase the Production of Prostacyclin (PGI2) and/oneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
- trialNCT01103414 — Phase 2B, Randomized, Double-Blind, Comparator- & Placebo-Controlled, supportsStructured CT.gov secondary outcome 'Change From Baseline in HbA1c' (12 weeks): drug -0.69% vs placebo +0.29% (Δ -0.98%, p<0.0001).
- trialNCT01223196 — Effect of Pioglitazone on Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases 3 (TIneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
- trialNCT01289119 — An International, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-contrsupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)' (Baseline and Week 16.): drug -0.76% vs placebo -0.25% (Δ -0.52%, p<0.001).
- trialNCT01588470 — Myocardial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) - Role of InneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
- trialNCT01593371 — Comparing Effects of Metformin and Pioglitazone on Regulation of SerumneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00953498 — Influence of Glitazones on the Vasodilatory Effect of HDL LipoproteinsneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT01570660 — Effects of Glimepiride Monotherapy Versus Combined Neteglinide-PioglitneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- regulatoryEMA — approved—Regulatory standing (separate axis) — never inflates evidential confidence.
- regulatoryEMA — approved—Regulatory standing (separate axis) — never inflates evidential confidence.
- trialNCT00722631 — Detection of Plaque Inflammation and Visualization of Anti-InflammatorneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT01195090 — Efficacy of Adding Sitagliptin or Pioglitazone to Patients With Type 2neutralStructured CT.gov outcome 'Mean Change in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (A1C)' — non-significant (Δ -0.23 [-0.58–0.08], p=0.165) but underpowered (N=120): coverage only, not evidence of absence.
- trialNCT02027103 — Comparative Effects of Metformin and Pioglitazone on Fetuin-A and OsteneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT01225081 — A Phase III Study to Assess the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of AneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00545857 — Effect of Pioglitazone on the Course of New Onset Type 1 Diabetes MellneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT01064687 — A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Comparison of the Effects of Two DosesupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change From Baseline to 26 Weeks Endpoint in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)' (Baseline, 26 weeks): drug -1.51% vs placebo -0.46% (Δ -1.05%, p<0.001).
- trialNCT00789750 — A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled, Parallel Group Study osupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at Week 24' (Baseline, Week 24): drug -0.34% vs placebo -0.02% (Δ -0.32%, p<0.001).
- trialNCT01043029 — Effects of 150 mcg Aleglitazar on Renal Function in Patients With TypeneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT01106690 — A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, 3-Arm, Parallel-Group,supportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change in HbA1c From Baseline to Week 26' (Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26): drug -0.89% vs placebo -0.26% (Δ -0.62%, p<0.001).
- paperThe effects of thiazolidinediones on human bone marrow stromal cell differentiation in vitro and in neutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
- trialNCT01106131 — Efficacy and Safety of CKD-501 or Pioglitazone Added to Ongoing MetforneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- paperEffects of pioglitazone on metabolic abnormalities, psychopathology, and cognitive function in schizneutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
- trialNCT01147627 — Comparison of Exenatide, Insulin or Pioglitazone on Glycaemic Control neutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
- paperPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist effect on rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized coneutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
- trialNCT01183013 — A Randomised, Double-blind Parallel Group Study to Compare the EfficacsupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change From Baseline in HbA1c After 30 Weeks of Treatment.': drug arm -0.66% (vs an active comparator, not placebo).
- trialNCT01095666 — A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel neutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
- trialNCT01882907 — An Open-label, Randomized, Active-controlled Study to Compare the EffesupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Non-inferiority of HbA1C Change From Baseline in Vildagliptin + Metformin Group Compared With Pioglitazone + Metformin Group': drug arm -0.6% (vs an active comparator, not placebo).
- trialNCT00839527 — A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo and Active-Controlled, Parallel-grneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
- trialNCT01217073 — A Phase IIb, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Range Finding ClinicneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
- trialNCT01963663 — Comparison of Metformin and Pioglitazone Effects on Serum YKL-40 ConceneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT01339143 — An Open-label, Randomized, Active-controlled Study to Compare the EffeneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT01331967 — The Effect of Pioglitazone on Neointima Volume and Characteristics ObsneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00745914 — A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of PeroneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00855010 — Effect of Pioglitazone on Pancreatic Steatosis and Bone HealthneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
- trialNCT01935804 — Phase 1 Study of Pioglitazone Versus Metformin on Bone Health in PostmneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- regulatoryMHRA — warning—Regulatory standing (separate axis) — never inflates evidential confidence.
- trialNCT00815399 — Effect of Pioglitazone Compared With Metformin on Endothelial MicroparneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00494559 — Phase 4 Study of Pioglitazone on Neointima Volume and Inflammatory MarneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT01947790 — Pioglitazone Regress Left Ventricular Mass in Type 2 Diabetes With IscneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT02072096 — An Individualized treatMent aPproach for oldER patIents: A Randomized,neutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
- trialNCT00091949 — Insulin Resistance Intervention After Stroke (IRIS) TrialneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
- trialNCT02426294 — A Phase IV, Multicenter, Randomized, Active Comparator Controlled StudneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT01895569 — Effects on Glycemic Variability and Glyco-metabolic Control of MetformneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT01972724 — A 24-Week, Open Label, Phase IV Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of PiogneutralStructured CT.gov result — no clinically-meaningful HbA1c change in the drug arm (-0.0003%).
- trialNCT02365233 — A Phase IV, Open Label, Randomized Trial on the Effect of Metformin PlneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
- trialNCT02142309 — Effect of Glimepiride, Vildagliptin, Pioglitazone and Canagliflozin onneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT03125694 — Efficacy, Durability, Safety, and Tolerability of Sitagliptin vs. PiogneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT02303405 — Comparing the Effects of Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) to Pioglitazone in TneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
- trialNCT02429232 — A One-year Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Impact of PioglineutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT00212004 — The Japan Working Group for the Assessment That the Pioglitazone ProteneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT01135394 — Pharmacogenomics of ThiazolidinedionesneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
- trialNCT02694263 — A Randomised Controlled Trial for People With Established Type 2 DiabeneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT02231021 — Multicenter, Randomized, Double Blind, Three-arm Parallel Group Study neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT02763007 — An Extension Study of Protocol ALO-IIT(PEAK Study) to Examine the LongneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT03910361 — A Multicenter, Double-blind, Active-controlled, Randomized, Parallel, neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT04473274 — GlitazOne Treatment for Coronavirus HypoxiA, a Safety and TolerabilityneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT04287387 — Response of Gut Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetes to Hypoglycemic AgentsneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT04123067 — Pioglitazone Treatment for Hyperglycemic Acute Ischemic Stroke: EffectneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
- trialNCT04604223 — Effect of Pioglitazone on Inflammatory Response and Clinical Outcome ineutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT02315287 — Comparison of Therapeutic Efficacy Between Lobeglitazone and PioglitazneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT04535700 — Non-blinded, Randomized and Controlled Clinical Trial of Pioglitazone neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT03646292 — Comparison of The Effects of Thiazolidinediones(TZD), Sodium- Glucose neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT04657939 — Targeting Beta-cell Failure in Lean Patients With Type 2 DiabetesneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT05473806 — Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized, and Comparative Clinical Trials neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT04885712 — A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Phase IIIneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT05098327 — Role of Pioglitazone Therapy in Management of Insulin Resistance AssocneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- paperRisk of Pancreatitis With Incretin Therapies Versus Thiazolidinediones in the Veterans Health AdminineutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
- trialNCT04976283 — Which Oral Combination of Anti-diabetes Medication May Work Better in neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT05422092 — Therapeutic Effects of Canagliflozin on the Liver Inflammation Damage neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT05942963 — PEARL-DM: Efficacy of Empagliflozin and Pioglitazone in Diabetic PatieneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT06107153 — Effect of Short-term Basal Insulin Initiation in Newly Diagnosed Type neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT07083232 — Comparative Study on the Effect of Sitagliptin, Pioglitazone and DapagneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT06851962 — Open-label, Double-arm, Controlled, Randomized, Multicentre Clinical TneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT07083388 — An Open-label, Randomized, Fasting, Single-dose, 2-sequence, 2-period neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
- trialNCT07083401 — An Open-label, Randomized, Fed, Single-dose, 2-sequence, 2-period CrosneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
View methodology and known limitations
Engine methodology v1.7.0. Methodology-version changes are recorded separately from new evidence; a change in engine version reinterprets existing evidence and is not a new scientific discovery.
- Engine constants are calibrated against a small anchor set — coarse, not authoritative.
- Evidence is skewed toward the drug's sponsor; genuinely independent replication is the honest ceiling.
- Paper direction is extracted from abstracts; the hedged tail stays neutral (coverage, not confidence).
- Regulatory approval is tracked on a separate axis and never inflates evidential confidence.
Computed 2026-08-05 · not medical advice.