Living Knowledge · Confidence Timeline

semaglutide improves HbA1c in type 2 diabetes

Scientific confidence changes as new graded, independent evidence accumulates. This timeline shows how the evidence for this claim has evolved — what changed, why it changed, and which scientific dimension moved.

Confidence
75%
Uncertainty 70%–81% (±5%)
Evidence coverage
Limited40%
48 evidence families8 independent groupsRegulatory standing: approvedLast meaningful update: 26 Mar 2026
0%50%100%
supporting no-effect contradicting coverage-only— confidence┄ evidence coverage

What changed, and why

  • Quiet period6 Apr 2026 – 3 Aug 2026
    No confidence movement

    12 evidence events retrieved. 8 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction) and 4 were regulatory events (separate axis).

  • Regulatory eventSeparate axis

    Confidence was unchanged at 75%. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 40%. 1 regulatory event was recorded on the separate regulatory-standing axis and did not change efficacy confidence.

  • Regulatory eventSeparate axis

    Confidence was unchanged at 75% — 1 coverage-only item (on-topic, no readable direction) was retrieved but did not change it. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 40%. 2 regulatory events were recorded on the separate regulatory-standing axis and did not change efficacy confidence.

  • Quiet period9 Feb 2026 – 25 Feb 2026
    No confidence movement
    Coverage 41% → 40%

    4 evidence events retrieved. 2 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction) and 2 were regulatory events (separate axis).

  • Regulatory eventSeparate axis

    Confidence was unchanged at 75%. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 41%. 1 regulatory event was recorded on the separate regulatory-standing axis and did not change efficacy confidence.

  • Quiet period1 Jun 2025 – 3 Feb 2026
    No confidence movement
    Coverage 42% → 41%

    23 evidence events retrieved. 17 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction) and 6 were regulatory events (separate axis).

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    75% → 75%
    Uncertainty
    ±5% → ±5%
    Coverage
    41% → 42%

    Confidence was unchanged at 75%. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 42%.

  • Quiet period14 May 2025 – 14 May 2025
    No confidence movement

    2 evidence events retrieved. 2 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    75% → 75%
    Uncertainty
    ±5% → ±5%
    Coverage
    40% → 41%

    Confidence was unchanged at 75%. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 41%.

  • Quiet period23 Dec 2024 – 8 Apr 2025
    No confidence movement
    Coverage 44% → 40%

    12 evidence events retrieved. 12 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    75% → 75%
    Uncertainty
    ±5% → ±5%
    Coverage
    44% → 44%

    Confidence was unchanged at 75%. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 44%.

  • Quiet period30 Aug 2024 – 27 Nov 2024
    No confidence movement
    Coverage 49% → 44%

    13 evidence events retrieved. 11 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction) and 2 were regulatory events (separate axis).

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    75% → 75%
    Uncertainty
    ±5% → ±5%
    Coverage
    49% → 49%

    Confidence was unchanged at 75%. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 49%.

  • New supporting evidence

    Major change
    Confidence
    73% → 75%
    Uncertainty
    ±6% → ±5%
    Coverage
    49% → 49%

    Confidence increased by 2 points to 75% after 1 independent supporting evidence family was incorporated. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 49%.

    • Confidence increased
  • Quiet period20 Jul 2024 – 1 Aug 2024
    No confidence movement
    Coverage 51% → 49%

    3 evidence events retrieved. 3 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    73% → 73%
    Uncertainty
    ±6% → ±6%
    Coverage
    51% → 51%

    Confidence was unchanged at 73%. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 51%.

  • Quiet period24 Jan 2024 – 17 Jun 2024
    No confidence movement
    Coverage 56% → 51%

    11 evidence events retrieved. 10 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction) and 1 was a regulatory event (separate axis).

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    73% → 73%
    Uncertainty
    ±6% → ±6%
    Coverage
    56% → 56%

    Confidence was unchanged at 73%. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 56%.

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    73% → 73%
    Uncertainty
    ±6% → ±6%
    Coverage
    56% → 56%

    Confidence was unchanged at 73%. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 56%.

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    73% → 73%
    Uncertainty
    ±6% → ±6%
    Coverage
    56% → 56%

    Confidence was unchanged at 73%. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 56%.

  • Quiet period14 Dec 2023 – 14 Dec 2023
    No confidence movement
    Coverage 57% → 56%

    1 evidence event retrieved. 1 was coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    73% → 73%
    Uncertainty
    ±6% → ±6%
    Coverage
    56% → 57%

    Confidence was unchanged at 73%. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 57%.

  • Quiet period11 Nov 2023 – 1 Dec 2023
    No confidence movement
    Coverage 58% → 56%

    3 evidence events retrieved. 3 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).

  • New supporting evidence

    Major change
    Confidence
    72% → 73%
    Uncertainty
    ±6% → ±6%
    Coverage
    57% → 58%

    Confidence increased by 2 points to 73% after 1 independent supporting evidence family was incorporated. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 58%.

    • Confidence increased
  • Quiet period30 Jun 2023 – 31 Oct 2023
    No confidence movement
    Coverage 59% → 57%

    7 evidence events retrieved. 6 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction) and 1 was a regulatory event (separate axis).

  • Coverage-only evidence

    Confidence
    72% → 72%
    Uncertainty
    ±6% → ±6%
    Coverage
    60% → 59%

    Confidence was unchanged at 72% — 1 coverage-only item (on-topic, no readable direction) was retrieved but did not change it. Evidence coverage fell from 60% to 59%.

    • Coverage decreased

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    72% → 72%
    Uncertainty
    ±6% → ±6%
    Coverage
    60% → 60%

    Confidence was unchanged at 72%. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 60%.

    • Coverage increased
  • Quiet period25 Apr 2023 – 6 Jun 2023
    No confidence movement

    2 evidence events retrieved. 2 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    72% → 72%
    Uncertainty
    ±6% → ±6%
    Coverage
    59% → 60%

    Confidence was unchanged at 72%. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 60%.

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    72% → 72%
    Uncertainty
    ±6% → ±6%
    Coverage
    58% → 59%

    Confidence was unchanged at 72%. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 59%.

  • Quiet period14 Feb 2023 – 1 Mar 2023
    No confidence movement

    2 evidence events retrieved. 1 was coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction) and 1 was a regulatory event (separate axis).

  • New supporting evidence

    Major change
    Confidence
    70% → 72%
    Uncertainty
    ±6% → ±6%
    Coverage
    58% → 58%

    Confidence increased by 1 point to 72% after 1 independent supporting evidence family was incorporated. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 58%.

    • Confidence increased
  • Quiet period12 Oct 2022 – 23 Dec 2022
    No confidence movement
    Coverage 59% → 58%

    3 evidence events retrieved. 2 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction) and 1 was a regulatory event (separate axis).

  • Coverage-only evidence

    Confidence
    70% → 70%
    Uncertainty
    ±6% → ±6%
    Coverage
    60% → 59%

    Confidence was unchanged at 70% — 1 coverage-only item (on-topic, no readable direction) was retrieved but did not change it. Evidence coverage fell from 60% to 59%.

    • Coverage decreased
  • Quiet period24 Aug 2022 – 10 Sep 2022
    No confidence movement

    2 evidence events retrieved. 1 was coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction) and 1 was a regulatory event (separate axis).

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    70% → 70%
    Uncertainty
    ±6% → ±6%
    Coverage
    60% → 60%

    Confidence was unchanged at 70%. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 60%.

  • Quiet period7 Jul 2022 – 17 Aug 2022
    No confidence movement

    3 evidence events retrieved. 3 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    70% → 70%
    Uncertainty
    ±7% → ±6%
    Coverage
    60% → 60%

    Confidence was unchanged at 70%. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 60%.

    • Coverage increased

  • Coverage-only evidence

    Confidence
    70% → 70%
    Uncertainty
    ±7% → ±7%
    Coverage
    61% → 60%

    Confidence was unchanged at 70% — 1 coverage-only item (on-topic, no readable direction) was retrieved but did not change it. Evidence coverage fell from 61% to 60%.

    • Coverage decreased
  • Quiet period1 Jan 2022 – 16 Mar 2022
    No confidence movement
    Coverage 62% → 61%

    5 evidence events retrieved. 4 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction) and 1 was a regulatory event (separate axis).

  • New supporting evidence

    Major change
    Confidence
    65% → 70%
    Uncertainty
    ±7% → ±7%
    Coverage
    61% → 62%

    Confidence increased by 5 points to 70% after 1 independent supporting evidence family was incorporated. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 62%.

    • Confidence increased

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    65% → 65%
    Uncertainty
    ±8% → ±7%
    Coverage
    60% → 61%

    Confidence was unchanged at 65%. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 61%.

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    65% → 65%
    Uncertainty
    ±8% → ±8%
    Coverage
    60% → 60%

    Confidence was unchanged at 65%. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 60%.

    • Coverage increased

  • Coverage-only evidence

    Confidence
    65% → 65%
    Uncertainty
    ±8% → ±8%
    Coverage
    61% → 60%

    Confidence was unchanged at 65% — 1 coverage-only item (on-topic, no readable direction) was retrieved but did not change it. Evidence coverage fell from 61% to 60%.

    • Coverage decreased
  • Quiet period15 May 2021 – 20 Jul 2021
    No confidence movement
    Coverage 64% → 61%

    5 evidence events retrieved. 4 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction) and 1 was a regulatory event (separate axis).

  • New supporting evidence

    Major change
    Confidence
    61% → 65%
    Uncertainty
    ±9% → ±8%
    Coverage
    64% → 64%

    Confidence increased by 5 points to 65% after 1 independent supporting evidence family was incorporated. Uncertainty narrowed from ±9% to ±8%. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 64%.

    • Confidence increased
    • Uncertainty narrowed
  • Quiet period26 Feb 2021 – 2 Mar 2021
    No confidence movement
    Coverage 66% → 64%

    2 evidence events retrieved. 2 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    61% → 61%
    Uncertainty
    ±9% → ±9%
    Coverage
    65% → 66%

    Confidence was unchanged at 61%. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 66%.

  • New supporting evidence

    Major change
    Confidence
    57% → 61%
    Uncertainty
    ±9% → ±9%
    Coverage
    64% → 65%

    Confidence increased by 3 points to 61% after 1 independent supporting evidence family was incorporated. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 65%.

    • Confidence increased
  • Quiet period20 Jan 2021 – 27 Jan 2021
    No confidence movement

    3 evidence events retrieved. 3 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    57% → 57%
    Uncertainty
    ±9% → ±9%
    Coverage
    63% → 64%

    Confidence was unchanged at 57%. Evidence coverage rose from 63% to 64%.

    • Coverage increased
  • Quiet period15 Apr 2019 – 25 May 2020
    No confidence movement
    Coverage 73% → 63%

    12 evidence events retrieved. 11 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction) and 1 was a regulatory event (separate axis).

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    57% → 57%
    Uncertainty
    ±9% → ±9%
    Coverage
    72% → 73%

    Confidence was unchanged at 57%. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 73%.

  • Quiet period19 Oct 2018 – 1 Mar 2019
    No confidence movement
    Coverage 74% → 72%

    6 evidence events retrieved. 5 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction) and 1 duplicated or fell outside the claim scope.

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    57% → 57%
    Uncertainty
    ±9% → ±9%
    Coverage
    74% → 74%

    Confidence was unchanged at 57%. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 74%.

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    57% → 57%
    Uncertainty
    ±9% → ±9%
    Coverage
    73% → 74%

    Confidence was unchanged at 57%. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 74%.

  • Quiet period16 Aug 2018 – 16 Aug 2018
    No confidence movement
    Coverage 76% → 73%

    1 evidence event retrieved. 1 was coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    57% → 57%
    Uncertainty
    ±9% → ±9%
    Coverage
    75% → 76%

    Confidence was unchanged at 57%. Evidence coverage rose from 75% to 76%.

    • Coverage increased

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    57% → 57%
    Uncertainty
    ±9% → ±9%
    Coverage
    74% → 75%

    Confidence was unchanged at 57%. Evidence coverage rose from 74% to 75%.

    • Coverage increased
  • Quiet period7 Aug 2018 – 7 Aug 2018
    No confidence movement

    1 evidence event retrieved. 1 was coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    57% → 57%
    Uncertainty
    ±9% → ±9%
    Coverage
    73% → 74%

    Confidence was unchanged at 57%. Evidence coverage rose from 73% to 74%.

    • Coverage increased

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    57% → 57%
    Uncertainty
    ±9% → ±9%
    Coverage
    73% → 73%

    Confidence was unchanged at 57%. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 73%.

  • Quiet period10 Jul 2018 – 10 Jul 2018
    No confidence movement

    1 evidence event retrieved. 1 was coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).

  • New well-powered no-effect evidence

    Major change
    Confidence
    62% → 57%
    Uncertainty
    ±10% → ±9%
    Coverage
    71% → 73%

    Confidence decreased by 5 points to 57% after 1 well-powered no-effect result was incorporated. Evidence coverage rose from 71% to 73%.

    • Confidence decreased
    • Coverage increased
  • Quiet period15 Jun 2018 – 15 Jun 2018
    No confidence movement
    Coverage 79% → 71%

    2 evidence events retrieved. 2 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    62% → 62%
    Uncertainty
    ±10% → ±10%
    Coverage
    78% → 79%

    Confidence was unchanged at 62%. Evidence coverage rose from 78% to 79%.

    • Coverage increased

  • Coverage-only evidence

    Confidence
    62% → 62%
    Uncertainty
    ±10% → ±10%
    Coverage
    82% → 78%

    Confidence was unchanged at 62% — 1 coverage-only item (on-topic, no readable direction) was retrieved but did not change it. Evidence coverage fell from 82% to 78%.

    • Coverage decreased

  • New supporting evidence

    Major change
    Confidence
    54% → 62%
    Uncertainty
    ±21% → ±10%
    Coverage
    81% → 82%

    Confidence increased by 7 points to 62% after 1 independent supporting evidence family was incorporated. Uncertainty narrowed from ±21% to ±10%. Evidence coverage rose from 81% to 82%.

    • Confidence increased
    • Uncertainty narrowed
    • Coverage increased

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    54% → 54%
    Uncertainty
    ±21% → ±21%
    Coverage
    80% → 81%

    Confidence was unchanged at 54%. Evidence coverage rose from 80% to 81%.

    • Coverage increased
  • Quiet period28 Mar 2018 – 30 Mar 2018
    No confidence movement

    2 evidence events retrieved. 2 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    54% → 54%
    Uncertainty
    ±21% → ±21%
    Coverage
    79% → 80%

    Confidence was unchanged at 54%. Evidence coverage rose from 79% to 80%.

    • Coverage increased

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    54% → 54%
    Uncertainty
    ±21% → ±21%
    Coverage
    77% → 79%

    Confidence was unchanged at 54%. Evidence coverage rose from 77% to 79%.

    • Coverage increased
  • Regulatory eventSeparate axis

    Confidence was unchanged at 54%. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 77%. 1 regulatory event was recorded on the separate regulatory-standing axis and did not change efficacy confidence.

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    54% → 54%
    Uncertainty
    ±21% → ±21%
    Coverage
    75% → 77%

    Confidence was unchanged at 54%. Evidence coverage rose from 75% to 77%.

    • Coverage increased

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    54% → 54%
    Uncertainty
    ±21% → ±21%
    Coverage
    73% → 75%

    Confidence was unchanged at 54%. Evidence coverage rose from 73% to 75%.

    • Coverage increased
  • Quiet period24 Nov 2017 – 24 Nov 2017
    No confidence movement

    1 evidence event retrieved. 1 was coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).

  • Coverage-only evidence

    Confidence
    54% → 54%
    Uncertainty
    ±21% → ±21%
    Coverage
    80% → 73%

    Confidence was unchanged at 54% — 1 coverage-only item (on-topic, no readable direction) was retrieved but did not change it. Evidence coverage fell from 80% to 73%.

    • Coverage decreased
  • Quiet period16 Jun 2017 – 9 Aug 2017
    No confidence movement

    2 evidence events retrieved. 2 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    54% → 54%
    Uncertainty
    ±21% → ±21%
    Coverage
    78% → 80%

    Confidence was unchanged at 54%. Evidence coverage rose from 78% to 80%.

    • Coverage increased

  • Coverage-only evidence

    Confidence
    54% → 54%
    Uncertainty
    ±21% → ±21%
    Coverage
    88% → 78%

    Confidence was unchanged at 54% — 1 coverage-only item (on-topic, no readable direction) was retrieved but did not change it. Evidence coverage fell from 88% to 78%.

    • Coverage decreased
  • Quiet period1 Dec 2016 – 1 Dec 2016
    No confidence movement

    1 evidence event retrieved. 1 was coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    53% → 54%
    Uncertainty
    ±21% → ±21%
    Coverage
    86% → 88%

    Confidence increased by 1 point to 54% after 1 independent supporting evidence family was incorporated. Evidence coverage rose from 86% to 88%.

    • Coverage increased
  • Quiet period1 Apr 2016 – 15 Sep 2016
    No confidence movement
    Coverage 100% → 86%

    2 evidence events retrieved. 2 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).

  • New supporting evidence

    Major change
    Confidence
    52% → 53%
    Uncertainty
    ±22% → ±21%
    Coverage
    100% → 100%

    Confidence increased by 1 point to 53% after 1 independent supporting evidence family was incorporated. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 100%.

    • Confidence increased

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    51% → 52%
    Uncertainty
    ±22% → ±22%
    Coverage
    100% → 100%

    Confidence was unchanged at 52%. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 100%.

  • New supporting evidence

    Major change
    Confidence
    48% → 51%
    Uncertainty
    ±23% → ±22%
    Coverage
    100% → 100%

    Confidence increased by 3 points to 51% after 1 independent supporting evidence family was incorporated. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 100%.

    • Confidence increased

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    47% → 48%
    Uncertainty
    ±23% → ±23%
    Coverage
    100% → 100%

    Confidence increased by 1 point to 48% after 1 independent supporting evidence family was incorporated. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 100%.

  • Quiet period12 Oct 2015 – 12 Oct 2015
    No confidence movement

    1 evidence event retrieved. 1 was coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).

  • New supporting evidence

    Confidence
    47% → 47%
    Uncertainty
    ±23% → ±23%
    Coverage
    100% → 100%

    Confidence increased by 1 point to 47% after 1 independent supporting evidence family was incorporated. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 100%.

  • New supporting evidence

    Major change
    Confidence
    44% → 47%
    Uncertainty
    ±23% → ±23%
    Coverage
    100% → 100%

    Confidence increased by 2 points to 47% after 1 independent supporting evidence family was incorporated. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 100%.

    • Confidence increased
  • Quiet period11 May 2015 – 3 Jun 2015
    No confidence movement

    3 evidence events retrieved. 3 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).

  • New supporting evidence

    Major change
    Confidence
    31% → 44%
    Uncertainty
    ±27% → ±23%
    Coverage
    100% → 100%

    Confidence increased by 13 points to 44% after 1 independent supporting evidence family was incorporated. Uncertainty narrowed from ±27% to ±23%. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 100%.

    • Confidence increased
    • Uncertainty narrowed
  • Quiet period1 Jan 2015 – 23 Apr 2015
    No confidence movement

    7 evidence events retrieved. 7 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).

  • New supporting evidence

    Major change
    Confidence
    0% → 31%
    Uncertainty
    ±34% → ±27%
    Coverage
    100% → 100%

    Confidence increased by 31 points to 31% after 1 independent supporting evidence family was incorporated. Uncertainty narrowed from ±34% to ±27%. Evidence coverage was unchanged at 100%.

    • Confidence increased
    • Uncertainty narrowed
  • Quiet period1 Apr 2009 – 1 Nov 2014
    No confidence movement

    17 evidence events retrieved. 17 were coverage-only (on-topic, no readable direction).

  • New well-powered no-effect evidence

    Confidence
    0% → 0%
    Uncertainty
    ±45% → ±34%
    Coverage
    100%

    Confidence was unchanged at 0%. Uncertainty narrowed from ±45% to ±34%.

    • Uncertainty narrowed

  • Coverage-only evidence

    Confidence
    0% → 0%
    Uncertainty
    ±45% → ±45%

    Confidence for this claim was first established at 0% from 1 coverage-only item (on-topic, no readable direction).

View all evidence · 242 items in the ledger
  • trialNCT03144271 — A Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Dose Escalation Trial neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT00696657 — Investigation of Safety and Efficacy of Five Doses of Semaglutide Versno_effectStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'HbA1c' (N=415) — no significant effect on HbA1c (Δ -0.09 [-0.46–0.28], p=0.9772). Well-powered null: counts against the claim.
  • trialNCT00813020 — A Randomised, Single Centre, Double-blind, Incomplete Block Trial to TneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT00851773 — A Randomised, Double Blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group, MultipneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT00833716 — An Open-label Trial Investigating the Pharmacokinetics and the TolerabneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT01272973 — Investigation on Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and PharmacodyneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT01324505 — An Open-label, One-sequence Cross-over, Single Centre Trial InvestigatneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT01619345 — Pharmacoscintigraphic Investigation NN9924 in Healthy Male SubjectsneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT01572753 — A Single Centre, Multiple Dose, Open Label Randomised Trial to EvaluatneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT01686945 — Investigation on Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and PharmacodyneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT01766245 — A Randomised, Single Centre, Double-blind, Two-period, Cross-over TrianeutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT01866748 — Investigation on Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Single aneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT02060266 — A Single Centre, Open Label Trial Investigating the Absorption, MetaboneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT02070510 — An Open-label, Single Arm, Sequential, Single Centre Trial InvestigatineutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT02022254 — An Open-label, One-sequence Cross Over, Single Centre Trial, InvestiganeutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT02172313 — Effect of Food on the Pharmacokinetics of Oral Semaglutide in Healthy neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT02146079 — A Single-centre, Parallel-group, Randomised, Double-blind, PlacebocontneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT02014259 — Investigation of Pharmacokinetics, Safety and Tolerability of Oral SemneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT02161588 — A Multiple Dose, Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, ParalleneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT01923181 — Multiple Dose Trial Examining Dose Range, Escalation and Efficacy of OsupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change in HbA1c (Glycosylated Haemoglobin)' (Week 0, week 26): drug -0.88% vs placebo -0.4% (Δ -0.4%, p=0.0069).
  • trialNCT02231684 — A Randomised, Single Centre, Two Period, Incomplete Cross Over Trial ineutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT02079870 — A Single-centre, Randomised, Double-blind Two-period Cross-over Trial neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT02016911 — Investigation of Pharmacokinetics, Safety and Tolerability of Oral SemneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT02249910 — An Open-label, Single Arm, Sequential, Single Centre Trial InvestigatineutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT02249871 — A Trial Investigating the Influence of Omeprazole on the PharmacokinetneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT02243098 — An Open-label, One-sequence Cross Over, Single Centre Trial, InvestiganeutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT02064348 — A Thorough QTc Evaluation of the Effect of Semaglutide on Cardiac ReponeutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT02054897 — Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Once-weekly Versus Placebo in Drug-supportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change in HbA1c (Glycosylated Haemoglobin)' (Week 0, week 30): drug -1.47% vs placebo 0% (Δ -1.43%, p< 0.0001).
  • trialNCT02212067 — A Single-centre, Randomised, Double-blind, Multiple-dose, Placebo-contneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT02147431 — A Randomised, Single-centre, Double-blind, Cross-over Trial InvestigatneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT02210871 — A Multi-centre, Open-label, Parallel-group Trial Investigating the PhaneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT01885208 — Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Once-weekly Versus Exenatide ER 2.0supportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change From Baseline in HbA1c (Glycosylated Haemoglobin)': drug arm -1.54% (vs an active comparator, not placebo).
  • trialNCT02128932 — Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Once Weekly Versus Insulin GlarginesupportsStructured CT.gov outcome: drug -0.83% vs placebo -1.21% — HbA1c moved the right way but not clearly beyond placebo (Δ +0.38%).
  • trialNCT01930188 — Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Once-weekly Versus Sitagliptin OnceneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
  • trialNCT02254291 — Safety and Efficacy of Semaglutide Once Weekly Versus Sitagliptin OncesupportsStructured CT.gov secondary outcome 'Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)': drug arm -1.87% (vs an active comparator, not placebo).
  • trialNCT02305381 — Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Once-weekly Versus Placebo as add-osupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change in HbA1c (Glycosylated Haemoglobin)' (Week 0, week 30): drug -1.45% vs placebo -0.09% (Δ -1.35%, p< 0.0001).
  • trialNCT02207374 — Safety and Efficacy of Semaglutide Once Weekly in Monotherapy or in CosupportsStructured CT.gov secondary outcome 'Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)': drug arm -1.74% (vs an active comparator, not placebo).
  • trialNCT01720446 — A Long-term, Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, MultinationsupportsStructured CT.gov secondary outcome 'Change From Baseline to Last Assessment in the Trial in Other Treatment Outcomes: Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)' (Week 0, up to week 104): drug -1.09% vs placebo -0.44% (Δ -0.66%, p<0.0001).
  • trialNCT02557620 — A Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo Controlled, Double Dummy, Single-cneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • paperSemaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.neutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • trialNCT02461589 — Dose-finding of Semaglutide Administered Subcutaneously Once Daily VersupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change in HbA1c (Glycosylated Haemoglobin)' (Week 0, week 26): drug -0.97% vs placebo -0.05% (Δ -1.04%, p<0.0001).
  • trialNCT02845219 — A Trial Investigating the Influence of Oral Semaglutide on PharmacokinneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • paperEfficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide monotherapy versus placebo in patients with type 2 dineutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • trialNCT02648204 — Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Versus Dulaglutide as add-on to MetsupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change in HbA1c': drug arm -1.51% (vs an active comparator, not placebo).
  • trialNCT02920385 — A Trial Investigating the Influence of Oral Semaglutide on the PharmacneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT03010475 — A Trial Investigating the Effect of Oral Semaglutide on the PharmacokineutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • paperEffect of Oral Semaglutide Compared With Placebo and Subcutaneous Semaglutide on Glycemic Control inneutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • trialNCT02877355 — Investigation of the Effect of Upper Gastrointestinal Disease on the PneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT02906930 — Efficacy and Safety of Oral Semaglutide Versus Placebo in Subjects WitsupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change in HbA1c' (Week 0, week 26): drug -0.9% vs placebo -0.3% (Δ -0.6%, p<0.0001).
  • paperSemaglutide, reduction in glycated haemoglobin and the risk of diabetic retinopathy.supportsEfficacy on the claim outcome reported in the title.
  • regulatoryEMA — approved—Regulatory standing (separate axis) — never inflates evidential confidence.
  • paperSafety and efficacy of once-weekly semaglutide vs additional oral antidiabetic drugs in Japanese peosupportsEfficacy on the claim outcome reported in the conclusion.
  • trialNCT02863328 — Efficacy and Safety of Oral Semaglutide Versus Empagliflozin in SubjecsupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change in HbA1c': drug arm -1.3% (vs an active comparator, not placebo).
  • trialNCT02607865 — Efficacy and Long-term Safety of Oral Semaglutide Versus Sitagliptin ineutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
  • trialNCT02863419 — Efficacy and Safety of Oral Semaglutide Versus Liraglutide and Versus neutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
  • trialNCT02827708 — Efficacy and Safety of Oral Semaglutide Versus Placebo in Subjects WitsupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change in HbA1c' (Week 0, week 26): drug -1.1% vs placebo -0.2% (Δ -0.8%, p<0.0001).
  • paperSemaglutide Added to Basal Insulin in Type 2 Diabetes (SUSTAIN 5): A Randomized, Controlled Trial.supportsEfficacy on the claim outcome reported in the conclusion.
  • paperSemaglutide as a therapeutic option for elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: Pooled analysis of thneutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • paperSemaglutide induces weight loss in subjects with type 2 diabetes regardless of baseline BMI or gastrsupportsEfficacy on the claim outcome reported in the results.
  • paperExposure-response analysis for evaluation of semaglutide dose levels in type 2 diabetes.neutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • paperSemaglutide s.c. Once-Weekly in Type 2 Diabetes: A Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis.neutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • paperAchieving glycaemic control without weight gain, hypoglycaemia, or gastrointestinal adverse events ino_effectNo significant effect on the claim outcome reported in the results — counts against the claim.
  • trialNCT03466567 — A Trial Investigating the Effect of Probenecid and Ciclosporin on the neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT03015220 — Safety and Efficacy of Oral Semaglutide Versus Dulaglutide Both in ComsupportsStructured CT.gov secondary outcome 'Change in HbA1c': drug arm -1.1% (vs an active comparator, not placebo).
  • trialNCT03086330 — Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Once-weekly Versus Placebo as add-osupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change in HbA1c' (Week 0, week 30): drug -1.6% vs placebo -0.2% (Δ -1.42%, p<0.0001).
  • trialNCT03288740 — A Single-centre, Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, MultiplneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT03191396 — Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide 1.0 mg Once-weekly Versus LiraglutisupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change in HbA1c': drug arm -1.7% (vs an active comparator, not placebo).
  • trialNCT03018028 — Dose-response, Safety and Efficacy of Oral Semaglutide Versus Placebo supportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change in HbA1c (Week 26)' (Week 0, week 26): drug -1.1% vs placebo -0.2% (Δ -1.1%, p<0.0001).
  • paperEfficacy and safety of semaglutide compared with liraglutide and placebo for weight loss in patientsneutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • trialNCT03021187 — Efficacy and Safety of Oral Semaglutide Versus Placebo in Subjects WitsupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change in HbA1c (Week 26)' (Week 0, week 26): drug -0.5% vs placebo -0.1% (Δ -0.5%, p< 0.0001).
  • trialNCT02692716 — A Trial Investigating the Cardiovascular Safety of Oral Semaglutide insupportsStructured CT.gov secondary outcome 'Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)' (Week 0, End of treatment): drug -1% vs placebo -0.3% (Δ -0.7%).
  • trialNCT02773381 — A Trial Investigating the Effect of Oral Semaglutide Compared With PlaneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT03136484 — Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Versus Canagliflozin as add-on to MneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
  • trialNCT03638778 — A Trial Comparing Exposure of Semaglutide When Dosing New FormulationsneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • paperComparative efficacy, safety, and cardiovascular outcomes with once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide neutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • trialNCT03611322 — A Trial to Compare Pharmacokinetic Properties of Semaglutide FollowingneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • paperSemaglutide once weekly as add-on to SGLT-2 inhibitor therapy in type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 9): a randsupportsEfficacy on the claim outcome reported in the conclusion.
  • trialNCT02849080 — Efficacy and Safety of Oral Semaglutide Using a Flexible Dose AdjustmesupportsStructured CT.gov secondary outcome 'Change in HbA1c': drug arm -1.3% (vs an active comparator, not placebo).
  • trialNCT03061214 — Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Once-weekly Versus Sitagliptin OnceneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
  • paperCardiovascular risk reduction with once-weekly semaglutide in subjects with type 2 diabetes: a post neutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • paperEfficacy and safety of oral semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate renal impairmeneutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • paperOral Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.neutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • paperPIONEER 1: Randomized Clinical Trial of the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Semaglutide Monotherapy in CneutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • trialNCT04007107 — A Trial to Compare the Injection Site Pain Experience of 0.25 mg SemagneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
  • paperEfficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Oral Semaglutide Versus Placebo Added to Insulin With or WithoneutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • trialNCT03789578 — A Trial to Investigate Single Dose Pharmacokinetics of NNC0148-0287semneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT04143945 — A Trial to Compare the Injection Site Pain Experience of 0.25 mg SemagneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
  • trialNCT04189848 — A Trial to Complare the Injection Site Pain Experience of Semaglutide neutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
  • regulatoryEMA — approved—Regulatory standing (separate axis) — never inflates evidential confidence.
  • trialNCT04152915 — A Trial to Demonstrate Bioequivalence Between Semaglutide D FormulationeutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT03989232 — Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide 2.0 mg s.c. Once-weekly Compared tosupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change in HbA1c' (Week 0, week 40): drug -2.2% vs placebo -2% (Δ -0.23%, p=0.0003).
  • trialNCT04097600 — A Comparative Bioavailability Trial of Steady State Semaglutide ExposuneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT04287179 — Effect and Safety of Two Different Dose-escalation Regimens for Once-wneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT04109508 — A Comparative Bioavailability Trial of Steady State Semaglutide ExposuneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT03987919 — A Phase 3, Randomized, Open-Label Trial Comparing Efficacy and Safety supportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (10 mg and 15 mg)': drug arm -1.86% (vs an active comparator, not placebo).
  • trialNCT03689374 — Effect of Semaglutide Once-weekly Versus Insulin Aspart Three Times DasupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change From Baseline in Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)': drug arm -1.5% (vs an active comparator, not placebo).
  • trialNCT04016974 — A Multiple-dose, Single-centre, Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-contneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • paperSemaglutide 2·4 mg once a week in adults with overweight or obesity, and type 2 diabetes (STEP 2): aneutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • trialNCT03951753 — The Effect of Tirzepatide on α and β Cell Function and Insulin SensitisupportsStructured CT.gov secondary outcome 'Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)' (Baseline, Week 28): drug -1.64% vs placebo +0.29% (Δ -1.93%, p<0.001).
  • paperA population-adjusted indirect comparison of cardiovascular benefits of once-weekly subcutaneous semneutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • trialNCT04513704 — Oral Semaglutide Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Subjects, Effect of DosinneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • regulatoryFDA — approved—Regulatory standing (separate axis) — never inflates evidential confidence.
  • paperSafety of Semaglutide.neutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • trialNCT04878406 — Investigation of Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of SubcutanneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • paperEfficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide 2·0 mg versus 1·0 mg in patients with type 2 diabetesneutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • paperEfficacy and safety of oral semaglutide in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: A post hoc subgrosupportsEfficacy on the claim outcome reported in the results.
  • trialNCT04017832 — China Multi-regional Clinical Trial: Efficacy and Safety of Oral SemagneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
  • trialNCT04109547 — China Multi-regional Clinical Trial: Efficacy and Safety of Oral SemagsupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)' (Baseline (Week 0), Week 26): drug -1.1% vs placebo -0.2% (Δ -1%, p<0.0001).
  • trialNCT04153929 — A Phase II, Randomized, Parallel Group, Dose-finding Study of SubcutansupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Absolute Change in HbA1c From Baseline to 16 Weeks' (At baseline and at Week 17 (16 weeks after treatment start).): drug -1.5% vs placebo -0.23% (Δ -1.27%).
  • paperEffect of Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide vs Daily Liraglutide on Body Weight in Adults With OverweineutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • regulatoryEMA — approved—Regulatory standing (separate axis) — never inflates evidential confidence.
  • trialNCT04524832 — A Randomised Trial Investigating Steady State Semaglutide Exposure of neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT04515849 — A Phase 2b, Multicentre, Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled,neutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
  • trialNCT04259801 — Investigation of the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and PharmaneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • paperSemaglutide reduces cardiovascular events regardless of metformin use: a post hoc subgroup analysis neutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • paperEfficacy and safety of oral semaglutide by subgroups of patient characteristics in the PIONEER phasesupportsEffect reported but bounded (subgroup / regain / caveat) in the conclusion.
  • trialNCT04982575 — Efficacy and Safety of Co-administration of Cagrilintide s.c. 2.4 mg aneutralStructured CT.gov result — non-significant (p=0.2284) but underpowered (N=92): absence of evidence, not evidence of absence — coverage only.
  • trialNCT04383197 — Effects of 12 Weeks of Endurance Exercise Training Alone or in CombinaneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT04624672 — GLP-1 Agonists as Neoadjuvant Therapy for Surgical Treatment of Type 2neutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
  • trialNCT04251156 — Effect and Safety of Semaglutide 2.4 mg Once-weekly on Weight ManagemesupportsStructured CT.gov secondary outcome 'Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) (Percentage [%])' (Baseline (week 0), week 44): drug -0.8% vs placebo -0.1% (Δ -0.7000000000000001%).
  • regulatoryFDA — filed—Regulatory standing (separate axis) — never inflates evidential confidence.
  • trialNCT04447859 — A Randomized Controlled Open Label Pilot Study Examining the Safety ofneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • paperTwo-year effects of semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity: the STEP 5 trial.neutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • trialNCT05498610 — Investigation of Pharmacokinetic Properties of Subcutaneously co AdminneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • paperOnce-Weekly Semaglutide in Adolescents with Obesity.neutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • regulatoryFDA — filed—Regulatory standing (separate axis) — never inflates evidential confidence.
  • trialNCT04741074 — A RAndomized trIal Examining the Effect of Subcutaneous Semaglutide onsupportsStructured CT.gov secondary outcome 'Change in Hemoglobin A1c (HgbA1c)' (From baseline to 9 months): drug -1.1% vs placebo +0.33% (Δ -1.4300000000000002%) — only N=15, down-weighted.
  • regulatoryFDA — filed—Regulatory standing (separate axis) — never inflates evidential confidence.
  • trialNCT03292315 — The Efficacy of a Once Weekly Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Agonist on Body neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT04707469 — Efficacy and Safety of Once-daily Oral Semaglutide 25 mg and 50 mg ComsupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change From Baseline in Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) (Week 52)': drug arm -1.5% (vs an active comparator, not placebo).
  • trialNCT05144984 — Investigation of the Safety and Efficacy of Semaglutide s.c. in CombinsupportsStructured CT.gov outcome: drug -2.3% vs placebo -2.3% — HbA1c moved the right way but not clearly beyond placebo (Δ 0%).
  • trialNCT05435677 — A Study Investigating the Pharmacokinetic Properties of a Single Dose neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT04032197 — A Trial Investigating the Effect of Semaglutide on Atherosclerosis in neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT03596450 — Long Term Comparative Effectiveness of Once Weekly Semaglutide Versus supportsStructured CT.gov secondary outcome 'Change in HbA1c (Percentage-point [%-Point]) From Baseline to Year 1': drug arm -1.46% (vs an active comparator, not placebo).
  • paperEfficacy and safety of once-daily oral semaglutide 25 mg and 50 mg compared with 14 mg in adults witneutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • trialNCT06489457 — The Effects of Semaglutide vs Testosterone Replacement Therapy on FuncneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT04817644 — A Trial Investigating Semaglutide and SNAC Concentrations in BreastmilneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • regulatoryFDA — filed—Regulatory standing (separate axis) — never inflates evidential confidence.
  • paperThe rationale, design and baseline data of FLOW, a kidney outcomes trial with once-weekly semaglutidneutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • trialNCT05579977 — A PHASE 2, RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO CONTROLLED, DOSE RANGING,neutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
  • trialNCT04916470 — Effect of Semaglutide 2.4 mg Once-weekly on Function and Symptoms in SneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT05816057 — A Multicenter, Randomized, Open-label, and Parallel Assignment Phase IneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT04538352 — Transition From Basal/Bolus to Once-weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide ansupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Mean Change in HbA1C ≤ 7.5%': drug arm -0.5% (vs an active comparator, not placebo).
  • paperSemaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Diabetes.neutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • paperSemaglutide and Tirzepatide reduce alcohol consumption in individuals with obesity.neutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • trialNCT05147896 — Semaglutide Anti-Atherosclerotic Mechanisms of Action Study in Type 2 neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT05486065 — Investigation of Once-weekly Semaglutide S.C. Dose-Response in PatientsupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change in Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)' (Baseline (week 0) and End of treatment (week 40)): drug -1.9% vs placebo -1.1% (Δ -0.82%, p=0.0002).
  • paperDose-response effects on HbA&lt;sub&gt;1c&lt;/sub&gt; and bodyweight reduction of survodutide, a duaneutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • trialNCT03819153 — Effect of Semaglutide Versus Placebo on the Progression of Renal ImpaisupportsStructured CT.gov secondary outcome 'Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) at Week 104' (Baseline (Week 0), Week 104): drug -0.86% vs placebo -0.04% (Δ -0.82%).
  • trialNCT05259033 — A 52 Week Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Once Weekly IcoSesupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)': drug arm -1.4% (vs an active comparator, not placebo).
  • trialNCT05533632 — Safety and Tolerability of Weekly Semaglutide 0.5 mg or 1.0 mg in ChilsupportsStructured CT.gov secondary outcome 'Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)': drug arm -1.6% (single-arm, no control).
  • paperPsychiatric adverse events associated with semaglutide, liraglutide and tirzepatide: a pharmacovigilneutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • paperWhat is the pipeline for future medications for obesity?neutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • paperEfficacy and safety of once weekly semaglutide 2·4 mg for weight management in a predominantly east neutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • regulatoryFDA — filed—Regulatory standing (separate axis) — never inflates evidential confidence.
  • paperThe role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepaneutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • trialNCT06629688 — The Effect of Parenterally Administred Semaglutide on Intestinal Iron neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • paperGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Based Therapies: A New Horizon in Obesity Management.neutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • trialNCT05786521 — The Effect of GLP1 Receptor Agonists on Physical Function, Body ComposneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
  • trialNCT06475586 — Effect of Semaglutide on the Inflammatory Response and Clinical CourseneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • paperGlucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Diabetic Osteopathy: Another Positive Effect of IncretneutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • paperEffect of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist semaglutide on alcohol consumption inneutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • trialNCT04560998 — Effects of Semaglutide on Functional Capacity in Patients With Type 2 supportsStructured CT.gov secondary outcome 'Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)' (Baseline (week 0), end of treatment (week 52)): drug -0.8% vs placebo +0.2% (Δ -1%).
  • trialNCT06256549 — A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Phase II Clinical Trial to EvaluneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • paperEfficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide 2·4 mg versus placebo in people with obesity and predneutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • paperSemaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with obesity and prevalent heart failure: a presneutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • trialNCT05537233 — Efficacy and Safety of Once Weekly Semaglutide in Adults With Obesity supportsStructured CT.gov secondary outcome 'Change in HbA1c' (26 weeks): drug -0.7% vs placebo -0.4% (Δ -0.29999999999999993%).
  • trialNCT03914326 — Semaglutide Cardiovascular Outcomes Trial in Patients With Type 2 DiabsupportsStructured CT.gov secondary outcome 'Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)' (Baseline (Week 0), Week 104): drug -0.71% vs placebo -0.15% (Δ -0.5599999999999999%).
  • paperThe GLP-1 medicines semaglutide and tirzepatide do not alter disease-related pathology, behaviour orneutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • paperA randomized phase 2b trial examined the effects of the glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon receptoneutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • paperGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist-based agents and weight loss composition: Filling the gaps.neutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • paperGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and kidney outcomes.neutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • paperSemaglutide 2.4 mg in Participants With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis: Baseline CneutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • trialNCT04979130 — A Randomized Parallel Comparison of Semaglutide Versus Placebo on InteneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • paperGLP-1 receptor agonists as promising anti-inflammatory agents in heart failure with preserved ejectineutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • paperEffect of GLP-1 receptor agonists on weight and cardiovascular outcomes: A review.neutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • paperPsychiatric Safety of Semaglutide for Weight Management in People Without Known Major PsychopathologneutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • regulatoryFDA — filed—Regulatory standing (separate axis) — never inflates evidential confidence.
  • trialNCT04865770 — Renal Mode of Action of Semaglutide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes aneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
  • paperWhy does GLP-1 agonist combined with GIP and/or GCG agonist have greater weight loss effect than GLPneutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • regulatoryFDA — filed—Regulatory standing (separate axis) — never inflates evidential confidence.
  • trialNCT05649137 — Effect and Safety of Semaglutide 7.2 mg Once-weekly in Participants WisupportsStructured CT.gov secondary outcome 'Change in Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)' (Baseline (week 0), End of treatment (week 72)): drug -1.8% vs placebo -0.3% (Δ -1.5%).
  • paperGlucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in the Management of Diabetic Retinopathy.neutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • trialNCT05788965 — Efficacy and Safety of GLP-1 Agonist Therapy in Overweight and Obese SneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
  • trialNCT06243536 — The Effect of Semaglutide on Disordered Eating Behaviour in Type 2 DianeutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT05950516 — Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Injection (QLG2065) vs. Ozempic® asneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT05394519 — Efficacy and Safety of Cagrilintide s.c. 2.4 mg in Combination With SeneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • paperOtolaryngologic Side Effects of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists.neutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • paperAlternative dosing regimens of GLP-1 receptor agonists may reduce costs and maintain weight loss effneutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • trialNCT05779644 — Effects of GLP-1RA on Body Weight, Metabolism and Fat Distribution in neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • paperEffects of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Alcohol Use Disorder.neutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • paperMultifunctional incretin peptides in therapies for type 2 diabetes, obesity and associated co-morbidneutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • paperTherapeutic Potential of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Metabolic Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.neutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • paperReal-world evidence on the utilization, clinical and comparative effectiveness, and adverse effects neutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • trialNCT05514535 — Efficacy and Safety of Once-weekly Semaglutide S.C. 2.0 mg as Add-on tsupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change in Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) [Noninferiority]': drug arm -1.37% (vs an active comparator, not placebo).
  • trialNCT04126603 — Impact of Semaglutide (Long Acting GLP1 Agonist) on Peripheral Blood DneutralResults posted but no readable target outcome — coverage only.
  • trialNCT06161844 — A Phase 3, Randomized, Open-label, Parallel-group, Multicenter, ControneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT05813912 — Protocol Title: A Single Arm Study Investigating the Glycaemic ControlsupportsStructured CT.gov primary outcome 'Change in Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)': drug arm -1.23% (single-arm, no control).
  • trialNCT06005012 — Semaglutide Treatment in the Real-world for Fibrosis Due to NAFLD in OneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT05035082 — REALYSE - Comparative Effectiveness of Once-daily Oral Semaglutide VerneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • paperNeurodegeneration and Stroke After Semaglutide and Tirzepatide in Patients With Diabetes and ObesityneutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • regulatoryFDA — filed—Regulatory standing (separate axis) — never inflates evidential confidence.
  • trialNCT06045221 — A Phase 3, Randomized, Open-Label Study to Investigate the Efficacy anneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT05444153 — Efficacy and Safety of Early Initiation of Oral Semaglutide 50 mg OnceneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT05073835 — BARI-STEP:A Double-blinded, Randomised, Placebo-controlled Trial of SeneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • regulatoryFDA — filed—Regulatory standing (separate axis) — never inflates evidential confidence.
  • trialNCT06323161 — Efficacy and Safety of Co-administered Cagrilintide and Semaglutide (CneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT06131372 — Efficacy and Safety of Co-administered Cagrilintide and Semaglutide (CneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • regulatoryFDA — filed—Regulatory standing (separate axis) — never inflates evidential confidence.
  • trialNCT06579105 — A Phase IIb, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled and Open-labneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT06323174 — Efficacy and Safety of Co-administered Cagrilintide and Semaglutide (CneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • regulatoryFDA — approved—Regulatory standing (separate axis) — never inflates evidential confidence.
  • trialNCT06339086 — A Multicenter, Randomized, Open-label and Parallel-controlled Phase IIneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT07163624 — A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo- and Active-Controlled, Parallel-GneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT06065540 — Efficacy and Safety of Co-administered Cagrilintide and Semaglutide (CneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • paperGlucagon-like receptor agonists and next-generation incretin-based medications: metabolic, cardiovasneutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • trialNCT07172867 — A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Multicenter Phase 2 StuneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • regulatoryFDA — filed—Regulatory standing (separate axis) — never inflates evidential confidence.
  • regulatoryFDA — filed—Regulatory standing (separate axis) — never inflates evidential confidence.
  • trialNCT06403761 — Effect of CagriSema, Semaglutide and Cagrilintide on Insulin SensitivineutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT04596631 — Efficacy and Safety of Oral Semaglutide Versus Placebo Both in CombinaneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • regulatoryMHRA — warning—Regulatory standing (separate axis) — never inflates evidential confidence.
  • trialNCT06184568 — A Multicenter, Randomized, Open-label Phase 3 Study Comparing the EffineutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • paperGLP-1 and the cardiovascular system.neutralPreclinical/mechanistic evidence (animal / in-vitro / mechanism) — cannot establish a clinical weight-loss outcome.
  • regulatoryFDA — filed—Regulatory standing (separate axis) — never inflates evidential confidence.
  • regulatoryFDA — filed—Regulatory standing (separate axis) — never inflates evidential confidence.
  • paperEfficacy and safety of oral semaglutide 14 mg (flexible dose) in early-stage symptomatic Alzheimer'sneutralOn-topic, but the abstract's conclusion/results state no clear weight-loss outcome (aim, adjacent outcome, or mechanism only).
  • regulatoryFDA — filed—Regulatory standing (separate axis) — never inflates evidential confidence.
  • regulatoryFDA — filed—Regulatory standing (separate axis) — never inflates evidential confidence.
  • regulatoryEMA — approved—Regulatory standing (separate axis) — never inflates evidential confidence.
  • trialNCT06221969 — Efficacy and Safety of Co-administered Cagrilintide and Semaglutide (CneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • regulatoryFDA — approved—Regulatory standing (separate axis) — never inflates evidential confidence.
  • regulatoryFDA — filed—Regulatory standing (separate axis) — never inflates evidential confidence.
  • regulatoryFDA — approved—Regulatory standing (separate axis) — never inflates evidential confidence.
  • regulatoryFDA — filed—Regulatory standing (separate axis) — never inflates evidential confidence.
  • trialNCT03899402 — Triple Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes With Insulin, Semaglutide, and DapaneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT06851962 — Open-label, Double-arm, Controlled, Randomized, Multicentre Clinical TneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT07272343 — A Study on the Impact of Semaglutide Compared to Energy Restriction onneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT06534411 — Efficacy and Safety of Co-administered Cagrilintide and Semaglutide (CneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT06649344 — A Phase III,Multicenter,Randomized,Open-label,Parallel-controlled StudneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT07064486 — A Phase 3, Randomized, Open Label Trial Comparing Efficacy and Safety neutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
  • trialNCT07271251 — A Study Investigating Clinical Comparability of Two Formulations of OrneutralNo posted results — existence/phase are not direction.
View methodology and known limitations
Engine methodology v1.7.0. Methodology-version changes are recorded separately from new evidence; a change in engine version reinterprets existing evidence and is not a new scientific discovery.
  • Engine constants are calibrated against a small anchor set — coarse, not authoritative.
  • Evidence is skewed toward the drug's sponsor; genuinely independent replication is the honest ceiling.
  • Paper direction is extracted from abstracts; the hedged tail stays neutral (coverage, not confidence).
  • Regulatory approval is tracked on a separate axis and never inflates evidential confidence.
Computed 2026-08-05 · not medical advice.