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Disease

Anemia

Late-stage therapeutic developmentEmerging researchCooling momentum
MeSHAnemia
9
Publications
24
Clinical trials
4
Related conditions
1
Related treatments
12
Associated genes
12
Related proteins
2024
Latest publication
Current focus
Erythropoietin biologyGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase biologyTherapeutic developmentInflammation & immunityMetabolic & lifestyle factors
Latest activity
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Recent clinical, regulatory, research and industry developments relating to this disease.

What's happening now

An analyst briefing on current research, clinical, regulatory and industry activity surrounding this disease.

Executive briefingUpdating summary…Momentum: Moderate
Key developments
  • 4 clinical trials expected to report results, the earliest in Q3 2028.
  • 7 industry developments reported.
Upcoming Milestones
Clinical Milestones9View all 9
Results expected 4
Recently completed 1
Other updates 4
+1 more in the activity timeline below
Industry & Market7View all 7
+2 more in the activity timeline below
Activity timeline16

Therapeutic landscape

Therapies with a regulatory footing for this condition, alongside the wider set of agents co-studied with it in the literature.

Approved & established therapies
Lenalidomideapproved

Approval — Multiple myelomaLenalidomide Krka as monotherapy is indicated for the maintenance treatme… (2021)

Research-associated treatments
Carboplatin2

Clinical trials

15 sponsors · 3 new · 1 completed in the last 12 months (net +2)

The current development programme across all trial phases.

Clinical programme
24
All trials
6
Active
18
Late-stage
6
Completed
Late-stage studies

A Phase 3, Double-Blind, Randomized Trial Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Elritercept (TAK-226) Compared to Placebo in Participants With Myelofibrosis and Anemia on Concurrent Ruxolitinib Therapy

Phase 3 · Recruiting · Takeda

A Phase 3, Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomized Trial to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Elritercept Versus Epoetin Alfa for the Treatment of Anemia Due to IPSS-R Very Low, Low, or Intermediate Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes in ESA-naïve Adult Participants Who Require Red Blood Cell Transfusions

Phase 3 · Recruiting · Takeda

A Phase 3, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Mitapivat in Pediatric Subjects With Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency Who Are Not Regularly Transfused, Followed by a 5-Year Open-label Extension Period

Phase 3 · Active, not recruiting · Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

A Phase III Randomized Trial Comparing Unrelated Donor Bone Marrow Transplantation With Immune Suppressive Therapy for Newly Diagnosed Pediatric and Young Adult Patients With Severe Aplastic Anemia (TransIT, BMT CTN 2202)

Phase 3 · Active, not recruiting · Boston Children's Hospital

Oral Iron Supplementation on Alternate vs. Consecutive Days for Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy

Phase 4 · Recruiting · Southern Illinois University

A Prospective, Open-label, Randomized, Multicenter Study on the Rational Hemoglobin Target Value in Patients With Anemia of Non-dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Treated With Enarodustat

Phase 4 · Recruiting · Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital
Recruiting

A Phase 3, Double-Blind, Randomized Trial Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Elritercept (TAK-226) Compared to Placebo in Participants With Myelofibrosis and Anemia on Concurrent Ruxolitinib Therapy

Phase 3 · Recruiting · Takeda

A Phase 3, Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomized Trial to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Elritercept Versus Epoetin Alfa for the Treatment of Anemia Due to IPSS-R Very Low, Low, or Intermediate Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes in ESA-naïve Adult Participants Who Require Red Blood Cell Transfusions

Phase 3 · Recruiting · Takeda

Oral Iron Supplementation on Alternate vs. Consecutive Days for Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy

Phase 4 · Recruiting · Southern Illinois University

A Prospective, Open-label, Randomized, Multicenter Study on the Rational Hemoglobin Target Value in Patients With Anemia of Non-dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Treated With Enarodustat

Phase 4 · Recruiting · Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital
Recently completed

A Randomized, Open-Label, Active-Controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy of Three Times Weekly Vadadustat Compared to Standard of Care ESA in Patients With Anemia of CKD Receiving In-Center Hemodialysis

Phase 3 · Completed · Akebia Therapeutics

A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel Controlled Clinical Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Compound E Jiao Jiang(cEJJ）in the Treatment of Postpartum Anemia

Phase 4 · Completed · DongE E Jiao Coporation Limited

Comparative Analysis of Oral Iron With Injectable Ferric Carboxymaltose for Treatment of Post Partum Iron Deficiency Anaemia

Phase 2/3 · Completed · ESI-PGIMSR, Basaidarapur

Hydroxyurea Optimization Through Precision Study (HOPS): A Prospective, Multi-center, Randomized Trial of Personalized, Pharmacokinetics-guided Dosing of Hydroxyurea Versus Standard Weight-based Dosing for Children With Sickle Cell Anemia.

Phase 3 · Completed · Lifespan

Prevention of Iron Deficiency Anemia Post-delivery (PRIORITY Trial): A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Global Network for Women's and Children's Health Research

Phase 3 · Completed · NICHD Global Network for Women's and Children's Health

Effectiveness of Intermittent Oral Iron Therapy vs Continuous Oral Iron Therapy in Treating Iron Deficiency Anemia Patients UpTo 5 Year of Age; a Randomized Control Trial

Phase 3 · Completed · University of Child Health Sciences and Children's Hospital, Lahore

Regulatory timeline

Drug regulatory events matched to this condition by indication — EMA.

First approvals
2021emaApproval — Lenalidomide· Multiple myelomaLenalidomide Krka as monotherapy is indicated for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma who have undergone autologous stem cell transplantation. Lenalidomide Krka as combination therapy with dexamethasone, or bortezomib and dexamethasone, or melphalan and prednisone (see section 4.2) is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma who are not eligible for transplant. Lenalidomide Krka in combination with dexamethasone is indicated for the treatment of multiple myeloma in adult patients who have received at least one prior therapy. Myelodysplastic syndromesLenalidomide Krka as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with transfusion-dependent anemia due to low- or intermediate-1-risk myelodysplastic syndromes associated with an isolated deletion 5q cytogenetic abnormality when other therapeutic options are insufficient or inadequate.Mantle cell lymphomaLenalidomide Krka as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma (see sections 4.4 and 5.1). Follicular lymphomaLenalidomide Krka in combination with rituximab (anti-CD20 antibody) is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with previously treated follicular lymphoma (Grade 1 – 3a). Multiple myelomaLenalidomide Krka as monotherapy is indicated for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma who have undergone autologous stem cell transplantation. Lenalidomide Krka as combination therapy with dexamethasone, or bortezomib and dexamethasone, or melphalan and prednisone (see section 4.2) is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma who are not eligible for transplant. Lenalidomide Krka in combination with dexamethasone is indicated for the treatment of multiple myeloma in adult patients who have received at least one prior therapy. Myelodysplastic syndromesLenalidomide Krka as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with transfusion-dependent anemia due to low- or intermediate-1-risk myelodysplastic syndromes associated with an isolated deletion 5q cytogenetic abnormality when other therapeutic options are insufficient or inadequate. Mantle cell lymphomaLenalidomide Krka as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma (see sections 4.4 and 5.1). Follicular lymphomaLenalidomide Krka in combination with rituximab (anti-CD20 antibody) is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with previously treated follicular lymphoma (Grade 1 – 3a). source ↗
2007emaApproval — Lenalidomide· Multiple myeloma Revlimid as monotherapy is indicated for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma who have undergone autologous stem cell transplantation. Revlimid as combination therapy with dexamethasone, or bortezomib and dexamethasone, or melphalan and prednisone (see section 4.2) is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma who are not eligible for transplant. Revlimid in combination with dexamethasone is indicated for the treatment of multiple myeloma in adult patients who have received at least one prior therapy. Myelodysplastic syndromes Revlimid as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with transfusion-dependent anemia due to low- or intermediate-1-risk myelodysplastic syndromes associated with an isolated deletion 5q cytogenetic abnormality when other therapeutic options are insufficient or inadequate. Mantle cell lymphoma Revlimid as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma. Follicular lymphoma Revlimid in combination with rituximab (anti-CD20 antibody) is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with previously treated follicular lymphoma (Grade 1 – 3a). source ↗

European Medicines Agency (CC BY 4.0). Events are matched to this condition by drug indication text — approvals/updates for drugs indicated for it, not disease-specific acts.

Research activity

9 papers

Key research shaping understanding of this disease, combining the latest publications with the most influential evidence.

Publications over time
20072024
Recent publications

Association of the systemic immune-inflammation index with anemia: a population-based study.

Frontiers in immunology · 2024 · 21 cites

Tisotumab Vedotin in Combination With Carboplatin, Pembrolizumab, or Bevacizumab in Recurrent or Metastatic Cervical Cancer: Results From the innovaTV 205/GOG-3024/ENGOT-cx8 Study.

Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2023 · 63 cites

Belzutifan for Renal Cell Carcinoma in von Hippel-Lindau Disease.

The New England journal of medicine · 2021 · 532 cites

CAR-HEMATOTOX: a model for CAR T-cell-related hematologic toxicity in relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma.

Blood · 2021 · 377 cites

Lactoferrin from Bovine Milk: A Protective Companion for Life.

Nutrients · 2020 · 110 cites

History of Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents, the Development of Biosimilars, and the Future of Anemia Treatment in Nephrology.

American journal of nephrology · 2017 · 46 cites
Major themes7
  • Anemia2
  • DNA Repair1
  • Inflammation1
  • Lung Neoplasms1
  • Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors1
  • Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell1
  • Uterine Cervical Neoplasms1
Leading journals6
  • The New England journal of medicine3
  • American journal of nephrology1
  • Blood1
  • European heart journal1
  • Frontiers in immunology1
  • Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology1
Leading researchers8
  • A'Hern R1
  • Ackermann J1
  • Amellal N1
  • Ardissino D1
  • Ashworth A1
  • Attard G1
  • Ayuk F1
  • Bachy E1
Affiliations (unnormalised)6
  • Amsterdam University Medical Centers1
  • and German Cancer Research Center1
  • Antwerp University Hospital1
  • Augusta University1
  • Baskent University1
  • Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre1

Associated genes

12 matches

Genes associated with this disease in the canonical knowledge graph (Open Targets evidence). Number shows the association score.

G6PD0.78HBB0.73EPOR0.62EGLN10.60EGLN30.59EGLN20.59P4HTM0.58TGFB10.55TGFB20.53TGFB30.53VDR0.52DNMT10.50

Disease biology

12 matches

Proteins whose encoding gene is associated with this disease, reached through the canonical gene→disease graph. Number shows the gene's association score.

Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenasevia G6PD0.78Erythropoietin receptorvia EPOR0.62Egl nine homolog 1via EGLN10.60Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN3via EGLN30.59Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN2via EGLN20.59Transmembrane prolyl 4-hydroxylasevia P4HTM0.58Transforming growth factor beta-1 proproteinvia TGFB10.55Transforming growth factor beta-2 proproteinvia TGFB20.53Transforming growth factor beta-3 proproteinvia TGFB30.53Vitamin D3 receptorvia VDR0.52DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1via DNMT10.50Protein cereblonvia CRBN0.49

Related conditions

4 matches

Diseases frequently studied alongside this one. Number shows shared papers.

Neoplasm Recurrence, Local3Fatigue2Neutropenia2Thrombocytopenia2

Disease profile

A grounded synthesis of the condition — overview, causes, mechanism, risk factors and current standard of care.

Overview

Anemia is a reduction in the number of circulating erythrocytes or in the quantity of hemoglobin. It is a blood disorder discussed in the literature in relation to drug therapy, immunology, and epidemiology.

Pathophysiology

The grounding supports anemia as a state of reduced erythrocytes or hemoglobin, which implies diminished oxygen-carrying capacity of blood. The supplied review material also links lactoferrin to antianemic activity, but it does not provide a disease mechanism for anemia itself.

Current standard of care

The supplied literature only supports that anemia is studied in the context of drug therapy. It also mentions lactoferrin from bovine milk as having antianemic activity after oral administration, but no standard treatment class for anemia is established in the grounding.

AI-generated summary grounded in MeSH and 1 peer-reviewed source. Informational only — not medical advice. Generated 2026-07-07.

Reference

Authoritative identity, definition & identifiers.

Defined in MeSH

A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.

Identifiers
MeSHAnemia
References & data sources
  • Disease identity & definition — NLM Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), public domain
  • Clinical trials — ClinicalTrials.gov (U.S. National Library of Medicine)
  • Research activity — Europe PMC (EMBL-EBI) + OpenAlex-derived paper links
  • Related entities are derived from literature co-mention (studied together) — associative, not causal.