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Disease
Anemia
Late-stage therapeutic developmentEmerging researchCooling momentum
9
Publications
24
Clinical trials
4
Related conditions
1
Related treatments
1
Related proteins
2024
Latest publication
Current focus
Antibodies biologyTherapeutic developmentInflammation & immunity
Latest activity
betaRecent clinical, regulatory, research and industry developments relating to this disease.
Association of the systemic immune-inflammation index with anemia: a population-based study.
Research2024-05-10Frontiers in immunology
Research2023-08-31Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology
Research2021-12-01Blood
Belzutifan for Renal Cell Carcinoma in von Hippel-Lindau Disease.
Research2021-11-01The New England journal of medicine
Lactoferrin from Bovine Milk: A Protective Companion for Life.
Research2020-08-24Nutrients
Research2017-02-01American journal of nephrology
DNA-Repair Defects and Olaparib in Metastatic Prostate Cancer.
Research2015-10-01The New England journal of medicine
Platinum-based chemotherapy plus cetuximab in head and neck cancer.
Research2008-09-01The New England journal of medicine
Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes.
Research2007-06-14European heart journal
What's happening now
An analyst briefing on current research, clinical, regulatory and industry activity surrounding this disease.
Executive briefingUpdating summary…Momentum: Moderate
Key developments
- 5 clinical trials expected to report results, the earliest in Q4 2027.
Upcoming Milestones
- Q4 2027Pegmolesatide for Anemia Treatment：Investigation Upgrade Therapy in rhuEPO Patients Undergoing Dialysis: A Prospective, Multicenter, Parallel-Group, Controlled, Open-Label Study（PANGU-stepup）
- Q3 2028Oral Iron Supplementation on Alternate vs. Consecutive Days for Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy
- Q2 2029A Phase 3, Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomized Trial to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Elritercept Versus Epoetin Alfa for the Treatment of Anemia Due to IPSS-R Very Low, Low, or Intermediate Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes in ESA-naïve Adult Participants Who Require Red Blood Cell Transfusions
- Q4 2029A Phase 3, Double-Blind, Randomized Trial Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Elritercept (TAK-226) Compared to Placebo in Participants With Myelofibrosis and Anemia on Concurrent Ruxolitinib Therapy
- Q4 2029A Phase III Randomized Trial Comparing Unrelated Donor Bone Marrow Transplantation With Immune Suppressive Therapy for Newly Diagnosed Pediatric and Young Adult Patients With Severe Aplastic Anemia (TransIT, BMT CTN 2202)
Major developments
Upcoming trial readoutHigh impact
Results expected Q4 20292026-07-23
Upcoming trial readoutHigh impact
Results expected Q2 20292026-06-15
Clinical MilestonesView all 11Hide
Results expected
- 2026-07-23A Phase 3, Double-Blind, Randomized Trial Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Elritercept (TAK-226) Compared to Placebo in Participants With Myelofibrosis and Anemia on Concurrent Ruxolitinib TherapyResults expected Q4 2029
- 2026-06-15A Phase 3, Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomized Trial to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Elritercept Versus Epoetin Alfa for the Treatment of Anemia Due to IPSS-R Very Low, Low, or Intermediate Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes in ESA-naïve Adult Participants Who Require Red Blood Cell TransfusionsResults expected Q2 2029
- 2026-05-19A Phase III Randomized Trial Comparing Unrelated Donor Bone Marrow Transplantation With Immune Suppressive Therapy for Newly Diagnosed Pediatric and Young Adult Patients With Severe Aplastic Anemia (TransIT, BMT CTN 2202)Results expected Q4 2029
- 2026-04-24Oral Iron Supplementation on Alternate vs. Consecutive Days for Iron Deficiency Anemia in PregnancyResults expected Q3 2028
- 2025-09-12Pegmolesatide for Anemia Treatment：Investigation Upgrade Therapy in rhuEPO Patients Undergoing Dialysis: A Prospective, Multicenter, Parallel-Group, Controlled, Open-Label Study（PANGU-stepup）Results expected Q4 2027
Recently completed
- 2025-09-08A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel Controlled Clinical Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Compound E Jiao Jiang(cEJJ）in the Treatment of Postpartum AnemiaCompleted
- 2025-08-16Comparative Analysis of Oral Iron With Injectable Ferric Carboxymaltose for Treatment of Post Partum Iron Deficiency AnaemiaCompleted
Other updates
- 2029-12-01Enarodustat Plus CsA Versus CsA Monotherapy in the Treatment of Newly-diagnosedTD-NSAA: a Single-center Randomized TrialWithdrawn
- 2027-03-01A 24-Week, Open-Label, Randomized, 2-Arm Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of KRX-0502 (Ferric Citrate) in Children With Iron Deficiency Anemia Associated With Non-Dialysis Dependent Chronic Kidney DiseaseWithdrawn
- 2026-10-01A Multicenter, Open-label Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Once Daily Oral Vadadustat for the Treatment of Pediatric Subjects With Anemia of Chronic Kidney Disease After Conversion From an Erythropoiesis-stimulating AgentWithdrawn
- 2025-12-01A Randomized, Controlled Trial Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Luspatercept Plus Cyclosporine Versus Cyclosporine Alone for the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Non-transfusion-dependent Non-severe Aplastic Anemia (NSAA)Withdrawn
+3 more in the activity timeline below
Activity timeline11
- 2029-12-01ClinicalEnarodustat Plus CsA Versus CsA Monotherapy in the Treatment of Newly-diagnosedTD-NSAA: a Single-center Randomized TrialWithdrawn
- 2027-03-01ClinicalA 24-Week, Open-Label, Randomized, 2-Arm Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of KRX-0502 (Ferric Citrate) in Children With Iron Deficiency Anemia Associated With Non-Dialysis Dependent Chronic Kidney DiseaseWithdrawn
- 2026-10-01ClinicalA Multicenter, Open-label Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Once Daily Oral Vadadustat for the Treatment of Pediatric Subjects With Anemia of Chronic Kidney Disease After Conversion From an Erythropoiesis-stimulating AgentWithdrawn
- 2026-07-23ClinicalA Phase 3, Double-Blind, Randomized Trial Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Elritercept (TAK-226) Compared to Placebo in Participants With Myelofibrosis and Anemia on Concurrent Ruxolitinib TherapyResults expected Q4 2029
- 2026-06-15ClinicalA Phase 3, Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomized Trial to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Elritercept Versus Epoetin Alfa for the Treatment of Anemia Due to IPSS-R Very Low, Low, or Intermediate Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes in ESA-naïve Adult Participants Who Require Red Blood Cell TransfusionsResults expected Q2 2029
- 2026-05-19ClinicalA Phase III Randomized Trial Comparing Unrelated Donor Bone Marrow Transplantation With Immune Suppressive Therapy for Newly Diagnosed Pediatric and Young Adult Patients With Severe Aplastic Anemia (TransIT, BMT CTN 2202)Results expected Q4 2029
- 2026-04-24ClinicalOral Iron Supplementation on Alternate vs. Consecutive Days for Iron Deficiency Anemia in PregnancyResults expected Q3 2028
- 2025-12-01ClinicalA Randomized, Controlled Trial Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Luspatercept Plus Cyclosporine Versus Cyclosporine Alone for the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Non-transfusion-dependent Non-severe Aplastic Anemia (NSAA)Withdrawn
- 2025-09-12ClinicalPegmolesatide for Anemia Treatment：Investigation Upgrade Therapy in rhuEPO Patients Undergoing Dialysis: A Prospective, Multicenter, Parallel-Group, Controlled, Open-Label Study（PANGU-stepup）Results expected Q4 2027
- 2025-09-08ClinicalA Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel Controlled Clinical Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Compound E Jiao Jiang(cEJJ）in the Treatment of Postpartum AnemiaCompleted
Therapeutic landscape
Therapies with a regulatory footing for this condition, alongside the wider set of agents co-studied with it in the literature.
Approved & established therapies
Lenalidomideapproved
Approval — Multiple myelomaLenalidomide Krka as monotherapy is indicated for the maintenance treatme… (2021)
Research-associated treatments
Clinical trials
The current development programme across all trial phases.
Clinical programme
24
6
18
6
Late-stage studies
Recruiting
Recently completed
Regulatory timeline
Drug regulatory events matched to this condition by indication — EMA.
First approvals
2021emaApproval — Lenalidomide· Multiple myelomaLenalidomide Krka as monotherapy is indicated for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma who have undergone autologous stem cell transplantation. Lenalidomide Krka as combination therapy with dexamethasone, or bortezomib and dexamethasone, or melphalan and prednisone (see section 4.2) is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma who are not eligible for transplant. Lenalidomide Krka in combination with dexamethasone is indicated for the treatment of multiple myeloma in adult patients who have received at least one prior therapy. Myelodysplastic syndromesLenalidomide Krka as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with transfusion-dependent anemia due to low- or intermediate-1-risk myelodysplastic syndromes associated with an isolated deletion 5q cytogenetic abnormality when other therapeutic options are insufficient or inadequate.Mantle cell lymphomaLenalidomide Krka as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma (see sections 4.4 and 5.1). Follicular lymphomaLenalidomide Krka in combination with rituximab (anti-CD20 antibody) is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with previously treated follicular lymphoma (Grade 1 – 3a). Multiple myelomaLenalidomide Krka as monotherapy is indicated for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma who have undergone autologous stem cell transplantation. Lenalidomide Krka as combination therapy with dexamethasone, or bortezomib and dexamethasone, or melphalan and prednisone (see section 4.2) is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma who are not eligible for transplant. Lenalidomide Krka in combination with dexamethasone is indicated for the treatment of multiple myeloma in adult patients who have received at least one prior therapy. Myelodysplastic syndromesLenalidomide Krka as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with transfusion-dependent anemia due to low- or intermediate-1-risk myelodysplastic syndromes associated with an isolated deletion 5q cytogenetic abnormality when other therapeutic options are insufficient or inadequate. Mantle cell lymphomaLenalidomide Krka as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma (see sections 4.4 and 5.1). Follicular lymphomaLenalidomide Krka in combination with rituximab (anti-CD20 antibody) is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with previously treated follicular lymphoma (Grade 1 – 3a). source ↗
2007emaApproval — Lenalidomide· Multiple myeloma Revlimid as monotherapy is indicated for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma who have undergone autologous stem cell transplantation. Revlimid as combination therapy with dexamethasone, or bortezomib and dexamethasone, or melphalan and prednisone (see section 4.2) is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma who are not eligible for transplant. Revlimid in combination with dexamethasone is indicated for the treatment of multiple myeloma in adult patients who have received at least one prior therapy. Myelodysplastic syndromes Revlimid as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with transfusion-dependent anemia due to low- or intermediate-1-risk myelodysplastic syndromes associated with an isolated deletion 5q cytogenetic abnormality when other therapeutic options are insufficient or inadequate. Mantle cell lymphoma Revlimid as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma. Follicular lymphoma Revlimid in combination with rituximab (anti-CD20 antibody) is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with previously treated follicular lymphoma (Grade 1 – 3a). source ↗
European Medicines Agency (CC BY 4.0). Events are matched to this condition by drug indication text — approvals/updates for drugs indicated for it, not disease-specific acts.
Research activity
Key research shaping understanding of this disease, combining the latest publications with the most influential evidence.
Publications over time
20072024
Most influential
Recent publications
Major themes7
- Anemia2
- DNA Repair1
- Inflammation1
- Lung Neoplasms1
- Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors1
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell1
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms1
Leading journals6
- The New England journal of medicine3
- American journal of nephrology1
- Blood1
- European heart journal1
- Frontiers in immunology1
- Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology1
Leading researchers8
- A'Hern R1
- Ackermann J1
- Amellal N1
- Ardissino D1
- Ashworth A1
- Attard G1
- Ayuk F1
- Bachy E1
Affiliations (unnormalised)6
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers1
- and German Cancer Research Center1
- Antwerp University Hospital1
- Augusta University1
- Baskent University1
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre1
Disease biology
Key proteins & gene products studied in this disease. Number shows shared papers.
Related conditions
Diseases frequently studied alongside this one. Number shows shared papers.
Disease profile
A grounded synthesis of the condition — overview, causes, mechanism, risk factors and current standard of care.
Overview
Anemia is a reduction in the number of circulating erythrocytes or in the quantity of hemoglobin. It is a blood disorder discussed in the literature in relation to drug therapy, immunology, and epidemiology.
Pathophysiology
The grounding supports anemia as a state of reduced erythrocytes or hemoglobin, which implies diminished oxygen-carrying capacity of blood. The supplied review material also links lactoferrin to antianemic activity, but it does not provide a disease mechanism for anemia itself.
Current standard of care
The supplied literature only supports that anemia is studied in the context of drug therapy. It also mentions lactoferrin from bovine milk as having antianemic activity after oral administration, but no standard treatment class for anemia is established in the grounding.
AI-generated summary grounded in MeSH and 1 peer-reviewed source. Informational only — not medical advice. Generated 2026-07-07.
Reference
Authoritative identity, definition & identifiers.
Defined in MeSH
A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.
Identifiers
References & data sources
- Disease identity & definition — NLM Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), public domain
- Clinical trials — ClinicalTrials.gov (U.S. National Library of Medicine)
- Research activity — Europe PMC (EMBL-EBI) + OpenAlex-derived paper links
- Related entities are derived from literature co-mention (studied together) — associative, not causal.