Meningeal Neoplasms

Primary meningeal neoplasms arise from neoplastic processes of the meninges, but the supplied material does not specify aetiologic causes. Secondary meningeal involvement occurs from spread of extracranial malignancies to the meninges.

The disease process reflects tumor growth within the meningeal coverings of the central nervous system. In secondary disease, malignant cells disseminate to and involve the leptomeninges, producing metastatic meningeal disease.

Advanced extracranial malignancy is a risk factor for secondary meningeal involvement, particularly in the setting of brain metastases and leptomeningeal disease. For meningiomas, the supplied material indicates that many cases are found incidentally and that asymptomatic or elderly patients are commonly managed conservatively, but it does not identify specific risk factors.

Management depends on whether the lesion is primary or secondary and on clinical context. For meningiomas, standard approaches include neuroimaging-based diagnosis, watch-and-scan observation in selected asymptomatic patients, and surgery for tissue diagnosis and local control; the literature also notes drug therapy as part of management. For leptomeningeal metastases, care is multimodal and may include systemic and other drug-based therapies, but the supplied material does not specify particular drug classes beyond that general approach.