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Drug

Exendin (9-39)

Approved medicine
ClassGlucagon-like peptide 1 receptor antagonistResearchOngoing clinical research

Also known as Avexitide, Exendin 9-39, Exendin-9,39.

RxNorm73331ChEMBLCHEMBL4297949UNII5313W10MYT
2
Research papers
3
Active clinical trials
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor
Primary target
Latest activity
beta

Recent clinical, regulatory, research and industry developments relating to this drug.

A Phase 3 Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Avexitide in Participants With Post-Bariatric Hypoglycemia

Clinical trial2026-03-31Primary completion · ClinicalTrials.gov

The Effect of rs7903146 Genotype on Islet GLP-1 Production in Humans

Clinical trial2026-01-30Results expected Q4 2028 · ClinicalTrials.gov

Effect of Genetic Variation in the GLP-1 Receptor on Beta-cell Function During Fasting and Hyperglycemia in Nondiabetic Humans

Clinical trial2025-12-30Completed · ClinicalTrials.gov

The Role of Islet GLP-1 in the Pathogenesis of Prediabetes

Clinical trial2025-12-15Results expected Q4 2027 · ClinicalTrials.gov

The Role of GLP-1 in Mediating Glucose Reductions After Bariatric Surgery

Clinical trial2024-12-04Terminated · ClinicalTrials.gov

To Determine the Effect of Endogenous GLP-1 Secretion on Islet Function in People With and Without Type 2 Diabetes

Clinical trial2023-12-26Results posted · ClinicalTrials.gov

A Dose-response Study Examining the Contribution of GLP-1 Receptor Signaling to Glucagon-stimulated Insulin Secretion

Clinical trial2023-06-09Results posted · ClinicalTrials.gov

A Phase 2, Open-Label, Cross-over Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Avexitide in Acquired Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia

Clinical trial2023-06-09Results posted · ClinicalTrials.gov

Cardiovascular Effects of GLP-1 Receptor Activation

Clinical trial2022-10-18Results posted · ClinicalTrials.gov

A Phase 2, Multicenter, Randomized, Single-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Cross-over Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Exendin 9-39 in Patients With Postbariatric Hypoglycemia

Clinical trial2022-07-18Results posted · ClinicalTrials.gov

PREVENT: A Randomized, Placebo-controlled Crossover Trial of Avexitide for Treatment of Postbariatric Hypoglycemia.

Research2021-07-01The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

Cloning and functional expression of the human islet GLP-1 receptor. Demonstration that exendin-4 is an agonist and exendin-(9-39) an antagonist of the receptor.

Research1993-11-01Diabetes

Profile

Identifiers & mechanism

Canonical identifiers, marketed brand names and mechanism, resolved across RxNorm, ChEMBL and ATC.

Canonical name
Exendin (9-39)
Aliases & brands
AvexitideExendin 9-39Exendin-9,39
RxNorm CUI
73331
ChEMBL ID
CHEMBL4297949
UNII
5313W10MYT
Primary mechanism
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor antagonist

Pharmacology & targets

1 target

Known molecular targets and mechanisms supported by curated pharmacology databases.

Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor
GLP1R · P43220
ANTAGONISTGlucagon-like peptide 1 receptor antagonist

Clinical trials

25 trials

The current development programme across all trial phases — status mix, phase distribution and the late-stage studies shaping the evidence base.

Development programme
CLINICALTRIALS.GOV · LIVE REGISTRY
25
registered trials across all phases
LATEST COMPLETION 2025
3
Active studies
2
Recruiting
13
Late-stage (III+)
18
Completed
4
Discontinued
PHASE DISTRIBUTIONn = 25
Phase 15Phase 1 / 21Phase 26Phase 34Phase 43Phase N / A6

Late-stage studies

Phase III+ trials still open or recently active — where late-stage evidence is being generated.

Regulation of Insulin Secretion by the GLP-1 Receptor

TerminatedPH IVVA Office of Research and Developmentn=62021

Cardiovascular Effects of GLP-1 Receptor Activation

CompletedPH IVVanderbilt University Medical Centern=3292021

The Effect of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibition on Growth Hormone-Mediated Vasodilation

CompletedPH IVVanderbilt Universityn=442017

A Phase 3 Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Avexitide in Participants With Post-Bariatric Hypoglycemia

Active, not recruitingPH IIIAmylyx Pharmaceuticals Inc.n=752026

Effect of Genetic Variation in the GLP-1 Receptor on Beta-cell Function During Fasting and Hyperglycemia in Nondiabetic Humans

CompletedPH IIIAdrian Vellan=212025

Recent completions

Trials that read out recently, adding to the completed evidence base.

Effect of Genetic Variation in the GLP-1 Receptor on Beta-cell Function During Fasting and Hyperglycemia in Nondiabetic Humans

CompletedPH IIIAdrian Vellan=212025

To Determine the Effect of Endogenous GLP-1 Secretion on Islet Function in People With and Without Type 2 Diabetes

CompletedPH IIIAdrian Vellan=232022

A Phase 2, Open-Label, Cross-over Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Avexitide in Acquired Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia

CompletedPH IIDr. Tracey McLaughlin, MDn=252022

A Dose-response Study Examining the Contribution of GLP-1 Receptor Signaling to Glucagon-stimulated Insulin Secretion

CompletedPH IIIAdrian Vellan=112022

Cardiovascular Effects of GLP-1 Receptor Activation

CompletedPH IVVanderbilt University Medical Centern=3292021

Exendin-9,39 and Satiety After Bariatric Surgery

CompletedN/AMayo Clinicn=292019

Research activity

2 papers

Key research shaping understanding of this drug, combining the latest publications with the most influential evidence.

Publications over time
19932021
Major research themes4
Blood Glucose1Receptors, Cell Surface1Receptors, Glucagon1Venoms1
Journals, researchers & institutions
Top journals
  • Diabetes1
  • The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism1
Leading researchers
  • Bühler L1
  • Craig CM1
  • Davis DB1
  • Deng SP1
  • Glodowski M1
  • Karaman R1
  • Lawler HM1
  • Lee CJE1
Leading institutions
free-text, unnormalised
  • Duke University School of Medicine1
  • Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine1
  • Stanford University School of Medicine1
  • University of Colorado School of Medicine1
  • University of Lausanne1
  • University of Wisconsin1

Related drugs

3 matches

Drugs sharing diseases, protein targets and literature with this one. Ranked by graph evidence (shared targets + diseases weighted above co-mentions).

Exenatide

Acts on the same molecular target as Exendin (9-39), with an overlapping disease area.

Shared target1 shared disease1 shared paper
Amino Acids

Studied across the same disease area as Exendin (9-39) in the shared literature.

1 shared disease1 shared paper
Cyclic AMP

Studied across the same disease area as Exendin (9-39) in the shared literature.

1 shared disease1 shared paper
References & data sources
  • RxNorm (U.S. National Library of Medicine) — drug identity
  • ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI) & UniProt — pharmacology and targets
  • Europe PMC — research literature
  • ClinicalTrials.gov — clinical trials