Protein / target
D(2) dopamine receptor
Protein at a glance
Biological role
Dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity, coupled via Gi/Go
Strongest disease association
Major depressive disorder
Therapeutic position
Established drug target
Research activity
Emerging research
Derived from structured UniProt, Open Targets and literature data on this page.
Protein profile
Canonical identity and biological annotation from UniProt.
Function overview
Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase.
View complete UniProt function annotationHide complete annotation
Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase (PubMed:21645528, PubMed:39103320). Positively regulates postnatal regression of retinal hyaloid vessels via suppression of VEGFR2/KDR activity, downstream of OPN5 (By similarity)
Subcellular location
Domains and Gene Ontology detail (119)Hide
Gene Ontology
- Cacrosomal vesicle
- Caxon
- Caxon terminus
- Cciliary membrane
- Ccilium
- Cdendrite
- Cdendritic spine
- Cdopaminergic synapse
- Cendocytic vesicle
- CG protein-coupled receptor complex
- CGABA-ergic synapse
- Cglutamatergic synapse
Biological roles
What this protein does, drawn together from its UniProt function, Gene Ontology terms and Reactome pathways.
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Inhibitory neurotransmission
- ·GABA-ergic synapse
- ·cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron migration
- ·regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic
Excitatory neurotransmission
- ·glutamatergic synapse
- ·excitatory postsynaptic potential
- ·negative regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic
Cell proliferation & survival
- ·negative regulation of cell population proliferation
Cell migration
- ·negative regulation of cell migration
G protein-coupled signalling
- ·G protein-coupled receptor complex
- ·G protein-coupled receptor activity
- ·G protein-coupled receptor internalization
- ·phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
Immune signalling
- ·negative regulation of innate immune response
- ·positive regulation of cytokinesis
View underlying pathways (1)Hide underlying pathways
Concepts derived from UniProt GO Reactome — each badge above shows which sources supported that role.
Interaction neighbourhood
Proteins with the strongest functional or physical association. Node size and line weight reflect STRING confidence; hover or select a partner to inspect one association.
Functional and physical associations from STRING v12.0. Only associations with this protein are drawn — partner-to-partner links are not part of this evidence.
Approved medicines with mapped indications
Approved therapies targeting this protein, grouped by what they are approved to treat — the disease-first view of the medicines below. Relationships come from the canonical approved-indication graph (ChEMBL phase-4), the same source as the drug cards.
91 medicines meet Open Targets' target-level approved-medicine definition; the 12 shown here are those on this page with a canonical approved disease indication in the graph. Approved indications from ChEMBL (phase-4), via the canonical drug→disease graph.
Drugs targeting this protein
How approved and investigational drugs engage this protein — mechanism and action type, direct vs complex targeting, and how broadly each acts across other targets. A drug-first view (the section above groups the approved ones disease-first); direct binders with few recorded targets are listed first.
Dopamine D2 receptor antagonist
Indicated for Autistic Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, Psychotic Disorders, Schizophrenia
Dopamine D2 receptor antagonist
Indicated for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting, Psychotic Disorders, Schizophrenia
Dopamine D2 receptor antagonist
Indicated for Bipolar Disorder, Schizophrenia
Dopamine D2 receptor antagonist
Indicated for Psychotic Disorders, Schizophrenia
Dopamine D2 receptor antagonist
Indicated for Psychotic Disorders, Schizophrenia
Dopamine D2 receptor partial agonist
Indicated for Autistic Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Psychomotor Agitation
View all 13 targeting drugsHide
Dopamine D2 receptor antagonist
Indicated for Digestive System Diseases
Dopamine D2 receptor antagonist
Indicated for Psychotic Disorders, Schizophrenia
Dopamine D2 receptor partial agonist
Indicated for Psychotic Disorders, Schizophrenia
Dopamine D2 receptor modulator
D2-like dopamine receptor antagonist
Indicated for Bipolar Disorder, Mental Disorders, Psychomotor Agitation, Psychotic Disorders
D2-like dopamine receptor inverse agonist
Indicated for Conduct Disorder, Psychotic Disorders, Schizophrenia, Tourette's Syndrome
D2-like dopamine receptor antagonist
Indicated for Bipolar Disorder, Mental Disorders, Psychomotor Agitation, Psychotic Disorders
ChEMBL mechanism, action type, target identity and approved indications. Open Targets clinical status.
Translational evidence
Why this target matters therapeutically, strongest evidence first. Disease associations are gene-level (via the gene that encodes this protein) and open into the full confidence synthesis; the development universe, tractability and safety annotations are target-level, from Open Targets.
Strongest disease associations · via encoding gene DRD2
Gene-level evidence surfaced through the gene DRD2that encodes this protein — not a direct protein–disease relationship. Ranked by Forefront's causal-directness weighting, so genetically- and clinically-evidenced diseases lead over ones that merely share the literature.
View evidence synthesis (5)Hide
The evidence agreement range shows how closely the independent evidence families agree — it is not a statistical confidence interval, and nothing here is fitted to outcome data. Derived from Open Targets evidence types under Forefront weighting; the per-type scores above show the calculation.
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Drug development
111 compounds recorded · 91 approved · 16 in clinical development · 4 earlier-stage
View all recorded compounds (10)Hide
Open Targets known-drugs universe. Drug name and highest clinical stage only — the disease relationship is NOT read from this slice (it carries trial-context noise); approved indications come from the canonical graph above.
Tractability
Small molecules — Strong
Antibodies — Emerging
Protein degraders — Emerging
Other modalities — Strong
View underlying tractability evidence (9)Hide
Raw Open Targets tractability assessment buckets, by modality.
Safety-related annotations
Terms indexed against this target in Open Targets' safety data, with their datasource. These are annotations, not causal claims: the direction of effect (whether activation or inhibition is implicated), species and evidence strength are not captured here, so an entry does not mean that modulating this target is known to cause that condition.
Clinical trials
Trials of drugs that target this protein — reached indirectly through those drugs, so a trial listed here studies the drug, not the protein. Ranked by active status, then clinical phase and recency, and spread across the targeting drugs.
View all trials (26)Hide
ClinicalTrials.gov via the drug-target graph.
What's happening now
Recent therapeutic activity around this target — regulatory actions, clinical trials and safety signals for 8 drugs that target this protein, plus publications where such a drug is a genuine subject. Every item is reached indirectly through the drug, not the protein itself; incidental mentions (a paper that merely measures a drug) and press items are excluded.
- Label change
Label change: OLANZAPINE (ANDA076133)
- Label change
Label change: OLANZAPINE (ANDA076255)
- Safety communication
Drug Safety Update: Domperidone: new contraindication in patients with phaeochromocytoma due to the risk of severe hypertension
- Label change
Label change: RISPERIDONE (ANDA076996)
- Regulatory approval
Approval: HALOPERIDOL (ANDA214470)
- Product recall
Recall (Class II): ARIPIPRAZOLE
- New publicationLong-Acting Injectable Antipsychotic Initiation in Child and Adolescent Patients with Psychiatric Disorders.
- New publicationEffects of PDE10A inhibitor MK-8189 in people with an acute episode of schizophrenia: A randomized proof-of-concept clinical trial.
- Safety communication
Drug Safety Update: Aripiprazole (Abilify and generic brands): risk of pathological gambling
- New publicationReal-world effectiveness of pharmacological treatments for bipolar disorder: register-based national cohort study.
- Safety communication
Drug Safety Update: Haloperidol (Haldol): reminder of risks when used in elderly patients for the acute treatment of delirium
- New publicationEffectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in patients with chronic schizophrenia.
Objective event titles are shown unmodified; the event kind and significance line are derived from structured fields. Forefront AttentionEvent stream aggregating Europe PMC Regulatory filings ClinicalTrials.gov.
Research activity
Papers linked directly to this protein. This is the protein's own literature — descriptor-derived papers are kept separate below.
Most cited
Recent
Europe PMC papers linked directly to this protein.
Related family literature
Papers about “Receptors, Dopamine” — a broader family this protein belongs to. Shown as context; not counted as papers specifically about this protein.
via Receptors, Dopamine
via Receptors, Dopamine
Europe PMC literature, reached through curated HGNC family membership. Membership is a taxonomic relationship — it does not imply this protein participates in every mechanism these papers discuss.