Protein / target
Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2
Protein at a glance
Biological role
Alpha-glucoside transmembrane transporter
Strongest disease association
Disorder of carbohydrate metabolism
Therapeutic position
Established drug target
Derived from structured UniProt, Open Targets and literature data on this page.
Protein profile
Canonical identity and biological annotation from UniProt.
Function overview
Electrogenic Na(+)-coupled sugar symporter that actively transports D-glucose at the plasma membrane, with a Na(+) to sugar coupling ratio of 1:1.
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Electrogenic Na(+)-coupled sugar symporter that actively transports D-glucose at the plasma membrane, with a Na(+) to sugar coupling ratio of 1:1 (PubMed:20980548, PubMed:28592437, PubMed:34880493, PubMed:37217492, PubMed:38057552). Transporter activity is driven by a transmembrane Na(+) electrochemical gradient set by the Na(+)/K(+) pump (PubMed:20980548, PubMed:28592437, PubMed:34880493). Unlike SLC5A1/SGLT1, requires the auxiliary protein PDZK1IP1/MAP17 for full transporter activity (PubMed:37217492). Has a primary role in D-glucose reabsorption from glomerular filtrate across the brush border of the early proximal tubules of the kidney (By similarity)
Subcellular location
Domains and Gene Ontology detail (15)Hide
Gene Ontology
- Capical plasma membrane
- Cextracellular exosome
- Cmembrane
- Cplasma membrane
- Falpha-glucoside transmembrane transporter activity
- FD-glucose transmembrane transporter activity
- FD-glucose:sodium symporter activity
- Flow-affinity D-glucose:sodium symporter activity
- Fmetal ion binding
- Palpha-glucoside transport
- Pcarbohydrate metabolic process
- PD-glucose import across plasma membrane
Biological roles
What this protein does, drawn together from its UniProt function, Gene Ontology terms and Reactome pathways.
View underlying pathways (2)Hide underlying pathways
Concepts derived from UniProt GO Reactome — each badge above shows which sources supported that role.
Interaction neighbourhood
Proteins with the strongest functional or physical association. Node size and line weight reflect STRING confidence; hover or select a partner to inspect one association.
Functional and physical associations from STRING v12.0. Only associations with this protein are drawn — partner-to-partner links are not part of this evidence.
Approved medicines with mapped indications
Approved therapies targeting this protein, grouped by what they are approved to treat — the disease-first view of the medicines below. Relationships come from the canonical approved-indication graph (ChEMBL phase-4), the same source as the drug cards.
11 medicines meet Open Targets' target-level approved-medicine definition; the 5 shown here are those on this page with a canonical approved disease indication in the graph. Approved indications from ChEMBL (phase-4), via the canonical drug→disease graph.
Drugs targeting this protein
How approved and investigational drugs engage this protein — mechanism and action type, direct vs complex targeting, and how broadly each acts across other targets. A drug-first view (the section above groups the approved ones disease-first); direct binders with few recorded targets are listed first.
Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor
Indicated for Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Heart Failure, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor
Indicated for Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Heart Failure, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor
Indicated for Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Heart Failure
Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor
Indicated for Diabetes Mellitus
Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor
Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor
Indicated for Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
View all 7 targeting drugsHide
Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor
ChEMBL mechanism, action type, target identity and approved indications. Open Targets clinical status.
Translational evidence
Why this target matters therapeutically, strongest evidence first. Disease associations are gene-level (via the gene that encodes this protein) and open into the full confidence synthesis; the development universe, tractability and safety annotations are target-level, from Open Targets.
Strongest disease associations · via encoding gene SLC5A2
Gene-level evidence surfaced through the gene SLC5A2 that encodes this protein — not a direct protein–disease relationship. Ranked by Forefront's causal-directness weighting, so genetically- and clinically-evidenced diseases lead over ones that merely share the literature.
View evidence synthesis (5)Hide
This ranking differs from Open Targets' own: re-weighting moves genetically-evidenced diseases above more heavily co-mentioned ones. The evidence agreement range shows how closely the independent evidence families agree — it is not a statistical confidence interval, and nothing here is fitted to outcome data. Derived from Open Targets evidence types under Forefront weighting; the per-type scores above show the calculation.
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Drug development
17 compounds recorded · 11 approved · 6 in clinical development
View all recorded compounds (10)Hide
Open Targets known-drugs universe. Drug name and highest clinical stage only — the disease relationship is NOT read from this slice (it carries trial-context noise); approved indications come from the canonical graph above.
Tractability
Small molecules — Strong
Antibodies — Emerging
Protein degraders — Emerging
View underlying tractability evidence (8)Hide
Raw Open Targets tractability assessment buckets, by modality.
Clinical trials
Trials of drugs that target this protein — reached indirectly through those drugs, so a trial listed here studies the drug, not the protein. Ranked by active status, then clinical phase and recency, and spread across the targeting drugs.
View all trials (26)Hide
ClinicalTrials.gov via the drug-target graph.
What's happening now
Recent therapeutic activity around this target — regulatory actions, clinical trials and safety signals for 3 drugs that target this protein, plus publications where such a drug is a genuine subject. Every item is reached indirectly through the drug, not the protein itself; incidental mentions (a paper that merely measures a drug) and press items are excluded.
- Trial status changed
Open-label, Double-arm, Controlled, Randomized, Multicentre Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Impact of Pharmacogenetic-guided Treatment in Patients With Insufficiently Controlled Type 2 Diabetes.
- Supplemental approval
Supplemental approval: DAPAGLIFLOZIN (ANDA211482)
- Trial status changed
A Multicentre, Randomised, Double-blind, Active-Controlled, 2-arm Parallel-group Treatment, Phase II Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Zibotentan/Dapagliflozin Compared to Dapagliflozin Alone in Adult Participants With Chronic Kidney Disease and High Proteinuria
- Trial status changed
A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of SOtaglifloziN in symptomATic Obstructive And Non-obstructive Hypertrophic CardioMyopathy (SONATA-HCM)
- Trial status changed
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor for Acute Cardiorenal Syndrome: A Feasibility Study
- Label change
Label change: EMPAGLIFLOZIN AND METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE (NDA206111)
- Label change
Label change: EMPAGLIFLOZIN, METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE (NDA208658)
- Regulatory approval
Approval: DAPAGLIFLOZIN (ANDA211482)
- New publicationEffect of dapagliflozin on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: multicentre, double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial.
- New publicationCardiac and Metabolic Effects of Dapagliflozin in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: The CAMEO-DAPA Trial.
- New publicationThe SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure: a multinational randomized trial.
- New publicationEmpagliflozin in Heart Failure with a Preserved Ejection Fraction.
Objective event titles are shown unmodified; the event kind and significance line are derived from structured fields. Forefront AttentionEvent stream aggregating Europe PMC Regulatory filings ClinicalTrials.gov.