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Protein / target

Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit

Encoded byKITP10721Homo sapiensSwiss-Prot
Clinically validated
Therapeutic maturity
20
Approved medicines
Open Targets target-level
View by indication →
30
Clinical trials
Small-molecule tractable
Druggability
Approved Drug

Protein at a glance

Biological role

Transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase

Strongest disease association

Cutaneous mastocytosis

Via encoding gene KIT · Genetic evidence · score 0.92

Therapeutic position

Established drug target

Small molecules and antibodies

Research activity

Emerging research

4 papers · latest 2024

Derived from structured UniProt, Open Targets and literature data on this page.

Protein profile

UniProt 2026_02

Canonical identity and biological annotation from UniProt.

Function overview

Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as a cell-surface receptor for the cytokine KITLG/SCF and plays an essential role in the regulation of cell survival and proliferation, hematopoiesis, stem cell maintenance, gametogenesis, mast cell development, migration and function, and in melanogenesis.

View complete UniProt function annotation

Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as a cell-surface receptor for the cytokine KITLG/SCF and plays an essential role in the regulation of cell survival and proliferation, hematopoiesis, stem cell maintenance, gametogenesis, mast cell development, migration and function, and in melanogenesis. In response to KITLG/SCF binding, KIT can activate several signaling pathways. Phosphorylates PIK3R1, PLCG1, SH2B2/APS and CBL. Activates the AKT1 signaling pathway by phosphorylation of PIK3R1, the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Activated KIT also transmits signals via GRB2 and activation of RAS, RAF1 and the MAP kinases MAPK1/ERK2 and/or MAPK3/ERK1. Promotes activation of STAT family members STAT1, STAT3, STAT5A and STAT5B. Activation of PLCG1 leads to the production of the cellular signaling molecules diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. KIT signaling is modulated by protein phosphatases, and by rapid internalization and degradation of the receptor. Activated KIT promotes phosphorylation of the protein phosphatases PTPN6/SHP-1 and PTPRU, and of the transcription factors STAT1, STAT3, STAT5A and STAT5B. Promotes phosphorylation of PIK3R1, CBL, CRK (isoform Crk-II), LYN, MAPK1/ERK2 and/or MAPK3/ERK1, PLCG1, SRC and SHC1

Subcellular location

Cell membraneCytoplasm
Domains and Gene Ontology detail (80)

Domains & features

Ig-like C2-type 1Ig-like C2-type 2Ig-like C2-type 3Ig-like C2-type 4Ig-like C2-type 5Protein kinase

Gene Ontology

  • Cacrosomal vesicle
  • Ccell-cell junction
  • Ccytoplasmic side of plasma membrane
  • Cexternal side of plasma membrane
  • Cextracellular space
  • Cplasma membrane
  • Creceptor complex
  • FATP binding
  • Fcytokine binding
  • Fgrowth factor binding
  • Fmetal ion binding
  • Fprotease binding

976 aa · 110 kDa · 3 isoforms

Biological roles

Reactome v97

What this protein does, drawn together from its UniProt function, Gene Ontology terms and Reactome pathways.

Cell proliferation & survivalUniProt · GO · ReactomeCell migrationGOReceptor tyrosine kinase signallingGOOncogenic signallingReactomeImmune signallingUniProt · GOTranscriptional regulationUniProt · Reactome
View supporting evidence

Cell proliferation & survival

  • ·Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as a cell-surface receptor for the cytokine KITLG/SCF…
  • ·positive regulation of cell population proliferation
  • ·regulation of cell population proliferation
  • ·PIP3 activates AKT signaling

Cell migration

  • ·cell chemotaxis
  • ·cell migration
  • ·germ cell migration
  • ·mast cell chemotaxis

Receptor tyrosine kinase signalling

  • ·transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity

Oncogenic signalling

  • ·Constitutive Signaling by Aberrant PI3K in Cancer

Immune signalling

  • ·Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as a cell-surface receptor for the cytokine KITLG/SCF…
  • ·cytokine binding
  • ·B cell differentiation
  • ·cytokine-mediated signaling pathway

Transcriptional regulation

  • ·Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as a cell-surface receptor for the cytokine KITLG/SCF…
  • ·TFAP2 (AP-2) family regulates transcription of growth factors and their receptors
  • ·Transcriptional and post-translational regulation of MITF-M expression and activity
View underlying pathways (22)

Concepts derived from UniProt GO Reactome — each badge above shows which sources supported that role.

Interaction neighbourhood

STRING v12.0

Proteins with the strongest functional or physical association. Node size and line weight reflect STRING confidence; hover or select a partner to inspect one association.

KITLGGRB2PIK3R1CLEC11APTPN11PIK3CANRASKRASCXCL12EGFKIT

10 strongest partners — larger node and heavier line mean higher confidence

Functional and physical associations from STRING v12.0. Only associations with this protein are drawn — partner-to-partner links are not part of this evidence.

Approved medicines with mapped indications

6 medicines · 11 areas

Approved therapies targeting this protein, grouped by what they are approved to treat — the disease-first view of the medicines below. Relationships come from the canonical approved-indication graph (ChEMBL phase-4), the same source as the drug cards.

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors3 medicines
Carcinoma, Renal Cell1 medicine
Colorectal Neoplasms1 medicine
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive1 medicine
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute1 medicine
Mastocytosis1 medicine
Mastocytosis, Systemic1 medicine
Myelodysplastic-Myeloproliferative Diseases1 medicine
Neuroendocrine Tumors1 medicine
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma1 medicine

20 medicines meet Open Targets' target-level approved-medicine definition; the 6 shown here are those on this page with a canonical approved disease indication in the graph. Approved indications from ChEMBL (phase-4), via the canonical drug→disease graph.

Drugs targeting this protein

8

How approved and investigational drugs engage this protein — mechanism and action type, direct vs complex targeting, and how broadly each acts across other targets. A drug-first view (the section above groups the approved ones disease-first); direct binders with few recorded targets are listed first.

pexidartinib
Narrow target profileApprovedInhibitor

Stem cell growth factor receptor inhibitor

Indicated for Neoplasms

Direct interaction with this protein · 1 of 3 recorded protein targets — narrow recorded profile

avapritinib
Narrow target profileApprovedInhibitor

Stem cell growth factor receptor inhibitor

Indicated for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors, Neoplasms

Direct interaction with this protein · 1 of 2 recorded protein targets — narrow recorded profile

Imatinib Mesylate
ApprovedInhibitor

Stem cell growth factor receptor inhibitor

Indicated for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors, Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive, Myelodysplastic-Myeloproliferative Diseases, Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma

Direct interaction with this protein · 1 of 4 recorded protein targets

sunitinib
ApprovedInhibitor

Stem cell growth factor receptor inhibitor

Indicated for Carcinoma, Renal Cell, Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors, Neuroendocrine Tumors, Neoplasms

Direct interaction with this protein · 1 of 9 recorded protein targets — broad pharmacology

regorafenib
ApprovedInhibitor

Stem cell growth factor receptor inhibitor

Indicated for Colorectal Neoplasms, Neoplasms

Direct interaction with this protein · 1 of 18 recorded protein targets — broad pharmacology

catequentinib
Phase 3Inhibitor

Stem cell growth factor receptor inhibitor

Direct interaction with this protein · 1 of 4 recorded protein targets

View all 8 targeting drugs
midostaurin
ApprovedInhibitor

Stem cell growth factor receptor inhibitor

Indicated for Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, Mastocytosis, Mastocytosis, Systemic, Neoplasms

Direct interaction with this protein · 1 of 16 recorded protein targets — broad pharmacology

Semaxanib
Phase 3Inhibitor

Stem cell growth factor receptor inhibitor

Direct interaction with this protein · 1 of 4 recorded protein targets

ChEMBL mechanism, action type, target identity and approved indications. Open Targets clinical status.

Translational evidence

Open Targets 26

Why this target matters therapeutically, strongest evidence first. Disease associations are gene-level (via the gene that encodes this protein) and open into the full confidence synthesis; the development universe, tractability and safety annotations are target-level, from Open Targets.

Strongest disease associations · via encoding gene KIT

Gene-level evidence surfaced through the gene KITthat encodes this protein — not a direct protein–disease relationship. Ranked by Forefront's causal-directness weighting, so genetically- and clinically-evidenced diseases lead over ones that merely share the literature.

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
0.99Well supported

Genetic evidence dominant · Open Targets 0.89

Cutaneous mastocytosis
0.98Well supported

Genetic evidence dominant · Open Targets 0.81

Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
0.96Well supported

Clinical evidence dominant · Open Targets 0.74

Piebaldism
0.93Well supported

Genetic evidence dominant · Open Targets 0.82

Mastocytosis
0.92Well supported

Genetic evidence dominant · Open Targets 0.66

View evidence synthesis (5)
Gastrointestinal Stromal TumorsWell supported
0.99
agreement 0.911.00
Genetic32%Clinical26%Somatic mutation18%Pathway13%Animal model7%Literature5%Genetic literaturedup

Open Targets aggregate 0.89 · 6 independent evidence families · 1 not counted as duplicate

Cutaneous mastocytosisWell supported
0.98
agreement 0.891.00
Genetic46%Somatic mutation22%Clinical16%Animal model13%Literature4%Genetic literaturedup

Open Targets aggregate 0.81 · 5 independent evidence families · 1 not counted as duplicate

Leukemia, Myeloid, AcuteWell supported
0.96
agreement 0.871.00
Clinical30%Genetic literature21%Somatic mutation18%Pathway14%Animal model11%Literature6%Geneticdup

Open Targets aggregate 0.74 · 6 independent evidence families · 1 not counted as duplicate

PiebaldismWell supported
0.93
agreement 0.811.00
Genetic80%Animal model20%Literature1%Genetic literaturedup

Open Targets aggregate 0.82 · 3 independent evidence families · 1 not counted as duplicate

MastocytosisWell supported
0.92
agreement 0.831.00
Genetic39%Clinical34%Somatic mutation20%Literature7%Genetic literaturedup

Open Targets aggregate 0.66 · 4 independent evidence families · 1 not counted as duplicate

The evidence agreement range shows how closely the independent evidence families agree — it is not a statistical confidence interval, and nothing here is fitted to outcome data. Derived from Open Targets evidence types under Forefront weighting; the per-type scores above show the calculation.

Show all associations
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors0.89
Piebaldism0.82
Cutaneous mastocytosis0.81
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute0.74
chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive0.70
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular0.67
Mastocytosis0.66
Neoplasms0.66
Systemic mastocytosis0.63

Drug development

38 compounds recorded · 20 approved · 18 in clinical development

Open Targets' development universe — every compound recorded against the target at any stage, not all approved medicines. Distinct from the 8 drugs that target this protein in Forefront's canonical graph (6 with a mapped approved indication, shown above): these count different sets and are not a subset relation.

View all recorded compounds (10)
SEMAXANIBPhase 3
SORAFENIBApproval
XL-820Phase 2
DOVITINIBPhase 3
PEXIDARTINIB HYDROCHLORIDEApproval
SORAFENIB TOSYLATEApproval
TELATINIBPhase 2
RIPRETINIBApproval
AVAPRITINIBApproval
SERALUTINIBPhase 3

Open Targets known-drugs universe. Drug name and highest clinical stage only — the disease relationship is NOT read from this slice (it carries trial-context noise); approved indications come from the canonical graph above.

Tractability

Small moleculesStrong

Approved Drug and Structure with Ligand support this modality.

AntibodiesSupported

Phase 1 Clinical and GO CC high conf support this modality.

Protein degradersEmerging

Feasibility evidence (literature and uniprot ubiquitination) — no clinical-stage drug of this modality recorded.

View underlying tractability evidence (15)
SM · Approved DrugSM · Structure with LigandSM · High-Quality LigandSM · High-Quality PocketSM · Druggable FamilyAB · Phase 1 ClinicalAB · GO CC high confAB · UniProt loc med confAB · UniProt SigP or TMHMMAB · Human Protein Atlas locPR · LiteraturePR · UniProt UbiquitinationPR · Database UbiquitinationPR · Half-life DataPR · Small Molecule Binder

Raw Open Targets tractability assessment buckets, by modality.

Safety-related annotations

mastocytosisBrennan et al. (2024)AnaemiaBrennan et al. (2024)neutropeniaBrennan et al. (2024)haematotoxicityBrennan et al. (2024)neovascularizationBrennan et al. (2024)heart diseaseForce et al. (2011)thrombocytopeniaBrennan et al. (2024)rashBrennan et al. (2024)cardiac disorderBrennan et al. (2024)CarcinogenicityBrennan et al. (2024)

Terms indexed against this target in Open Targets' safety data, with their datasource. These are annotations, not causal claims: the direction of effect (whether activation or inhibition is implicated), species and evidence strength are not captured here, so an entry does not mean that modulating this target is known to cause that condition.

Clinical trials

30

Trials of drugs that target this protein — reached indirectly through those drugs, so a trial listed here studies the drug, not the protein. Ranked by active status, then clinical phase and recency, and spread across the targeting drugs.

View all trials (26)

RECRUITING · via catequentinib · NCT06970145

ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING · via regorafenib · NCT05395741

ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING · via sunitinib · NCT02465060

ClinicalTrials.gov via the drug-target graph.

What's happening now

12

Recent therapeutic activity around this target — regulatory actions, clinical trials and safety signals for 3 drugs that target this protein, plus publications where such a drug is a genuine subject. Every item is reached indirectly through the drug, not the protein itself; incidental mentions (a paper that merely measures a drug) and press items are excluded.

  1. Label change2026-07-13

    Label change: IMATINIB MESYLATE (NDA021588)

    fda · regulatory · fda · via Imatinib Mesylate

  2. Label change2026-01-14

    Label change: IMATINIB MESYLATE (NDA021588)

    fda · regulatory · fda · via Imatinib Mesylate

  3. Label change2024-12-09

    Label change: IMATINIB (ANDA204644)

    fda · regulatory · fda · via Imatinib Mesylate

  4. New publication2024-06-04
    Lenvatinib Plus Pembrolizumab Versus Standard of Care for Previously Treated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Final Analysis of the Randomized, Open-Label, Phase III LEAP-017 Study.

    Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2024 · 69 citations · Europe PMC · via regorafenib

  5. New publication2024-05-03
    Machine-learning and mechanistic modeling of metastatic breast cancer after neoadjuvant treatment.

    PLoS computational biology · 2024 · 10 citations · Europe PMC · via sunitinib

  6. Supplemental approval2024-03-01

    Supplemental approval: IMATINIB MESYLATE (NDA021588)

    fda · regulatory · fda · via Imatinib Mesylate

  7. New publication2024-02-27
    KIT mutations and expression: current knowledge and new insights for overcoming IM resistance in GIST.

    Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024 · 28 citations · Europe PMC · via Imatinib Mesylate

  8. New publication2024-01-05
    Genomic profiling in GIST: Implications in clinical outcome and future challenges.

    Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) · 2024 · 20 citations · Europe PMC · via sunitinib

  9. Label change2024-01-05

    Label change: IMATINIB (ANDA204644)

    fda · regulatory · fda · via Imatinib Mesylate

  10. Label change2024-01-05

    Label change: IMATINIB (ANDA204644)

    fda · regulatory · fda · via Imatinib Mesylate

  11. Label change2024-01-05

    Label change: IMATINIB (ANDA204644)

    fda · regulatory · fda · via Imatinib Mesylate

  12. Label change2024-01-05

    Label change: IMATINIB (ANDA204644)

    fda · regulatory · fda · via Imatinib Mesylate

Objective event titles are shown unmodified; the event kind and significance line are derived from structured fields. Forefront AttentionEvent stream aggregating Europe PMC Regulatory filings ClinicalTrials.gov.

Research activity

4 papers · to 2024

Papers linked directly to this protein. This is the protein's own literature — descriptor-derived papers are kept separate below.

Most cited

Demetri GD · The New England journal of medicine · 2002

Curtin JA · Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2006

Calderillo-Ruíz G · Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) · 2024

Recent

Genomic profiling in GIST: Implications in clinical outcome and future challenges.

Calderillo-Ruíz G · Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) · 2024

Somatic activation of KIT in distinct subtypes of melanoma.

Curtin JA · Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2006

Efficacy and safety of imatinib mesylate in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

Demetri GD · The New England journal of medicine · 2002

Europe PMC papers linked directly to this protein.