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Protein / target

G1/S-specific cyclin-D1

Encoded byCCND1P24385Homo sapiensSwiss-Prot
Clinically validated
Therapeutic maturity
1
Approved medicines
Open Targets target-level
View by indication →
30
Clinical trials
Small-molecule tractable
Druggability
Advanced Clinical

Protein at a glance

Biological role

Protein serine/threonine kinase activator

Strongest disease association

Immunoglobulin Light-chain Amyloidosis

Via encoding gene CCND1 · Genetic evidence · score 0.81

Therapeutic position

Established drug target

Small molecules

Derived from structured UniProt, Open Targets and literature data on this page.

Protein profile

UniProt 2026_02

Canonical identity and biological annotation from UniProt.

Function overview

Regulatory component of the cyclin D1-CDK4 (DC) complex that phosphorylates and inhibits members of the retinoblastoma (RB) protein family including RB1 and regulates the cell-cycle during G(1)/S transition.

View complete UniProt function annotation

Regulatory component of the cyclin D1-CDK4 (DC) complex that phosphorylates and inhibits members of the retinoblastoma (RB) protein family including RB1 and regulates the cell-cycle during G(1)/S transition (PubMed:1827756, PubMed:1833066, PubMed:19412162, PubMed:33854235, PubMed:8114739, PubMed:8302605). Phosphorylation of RB1 allows dissociation of the transcription factor E2F from the RB/E2F complex and the subsequent transcription of E2F target genes which are responsible for the progression through the G(1) phase (PubMed:1827756, PubMed:1833066, PubMed:19412162, PubMed:8114739, PubMed:8302605). Hypophosphorylates RB1 in early G(1) phase (PubMed:1827756, PubMed:1833066, PubMed:19412162, PubMed:8114739, PubMed:8302605). Cyclin D-CDK4 complexes are major integrators of various mitogenenic and antimitogenic signals (PubMed:1827756, PubMed:1833066, PubMed:19412162, PubMed:8302605). Also a substrate for SMAD3, phosphorylating SMAD3 in a cell-cycle-dependent manner and repressing its transcriptional activity (PubMed:15241418). Component of the ternary complex, cyclin D1/CDK4/CDKN1B, required for nuclear translocation and activity of the cyclin D-CDK4 complex (PubMed:9106657). Exhibits transcriptional corepressor activity with INSM1 on the NEUROD1 and INS promoters in a cell cycle-independent manner (PubMed:16569215, PubMed:18417529)

Subcellular location

NucleusCytoplasmNucleus membrane
Domains and Gene Ontology detail (45)

Domains & features

Cyclin N-terminal

Gene Ontology

  • Cbicellular tight junction
  • Ccyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex
  • Ccytoplasm
  • Ccytosol
  • Cmicrotubule organizing center
  • Cnuclear membrane
  • Cnucleoplasm
  • Cnucleus
  • Ctranscription repressor complex
  • Fcyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
  • Fcyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase regulator activity
  • Fenzyme binding

295 aa · 34 kDa

Biological roles

Reactome v97

What this protein does, drawn together from its UniProt function, Gene Ontology terms and Reactome pathways.

Cell-cycle regulationGOCell proliferation & survivalGOTranscriptional regulationUniProt · GO · ReactomeKinase signallingGO
View supporting evidence

Cell-cycle regulation

  • ·G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
  • ·positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
  • ·positive regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle

Cell proliferation & survival

  • ·positive regulation of cell population proliferation

Transcriptional regulation

  • ·Regulatory component of the cyclin D1-CDK4 (DC) complex that phosphorylates and inhibits…
  • ·transcription repressor complex
  • ·transcription corepressor activity
  • ·DNA-templated transcription

Kinase signalling

  • ·cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex
  • ·cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
  • ·cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase regulator activity
  • ·protein kinase activity
View underlying pathways (18)

Concepts derived from UniProt GO Reactome — each badge above shows which sources supported that role.

Interaction neighbourhood

STRING v12.0

Proteins with the strongest functional or physical association. Node size and line weight reflect STRING confidence; hover or select a partner to inspect one association.

CDK2CDKN1BCDK4CDK6CDKN1ARB1CDK1CDKN2AESR1CDKN1CCCND1

10 strongest partners — larger node and heavier line mean higher confidence

Functional and physical associations from STRING v12.0. Only associations with this protein are drawn — partner-to-partner links are not part of this evidence.

Approved medicines with mapped indications

1 medicine · 2 areas

Approved therapies targeting this protein, grouped by what they are approved to treat — the disease-first view of the medicines below. Relationships come from the canonical approved-indication graph (ChEMBL phase-4), the same source as the drug cards.

Breast Neoplasms1 medicine
Broader indication categories (1)
Neoplasms1 medicine

Broad umbrella indications (e.g. “Neoplasms”). Shown here because every medicine also appears under a more specific disease above — kept for completeness, de-emphasised for clarity.

Approved indications from ChEMBL (phase-4), via the canonical drug→disease graph.

Drugs targeting this protein

1

How approved and investigational drugs engage this protein — mechanism and action type, direct vs complex targeting, and how broadly each acts across other targets. A drug-first view (the section above groups the approved ones disease-first); direct binders with few recorded targets are listed first.

palbociclib
ApprovedInhibitor

CDK6/cyclin D1 inhibitor

Indicated for Breast Neoplasms, Neoplasms

Acts on a complex — shared with CDK6 · 1 of 3 recorded protein targets — narrow recorded profile

ChEMBL mechanism, action type, target identity and approved indications. Open Targets clinical status.

Translational evidence

Open Targets 26

Why this target matters therapeutically, strongest evidence first. Disease associations are gene-level (via the gene that encodes this protein) and open into the full confidence synthesis; the development universe, tractability and safety annotations are target-level, from Open Targets.

Strongest disease associations · via encoding gene CCND1

Gene-level evidence surfaced through the gene CCND1that encodes this protein — not a direct protein–disease relationship. Ranked by Forefront's causal-directness weighting, so genetically- and clinically-evidenced diseases lead over ones that merely share the literature.

Breast Neoplasms
0.93Well supported

Clinical evidence dominant · Open Targets 0.66

Multiple Myeloma
0.82Well supported

Genetic evidence dominant · Open Targets 0.53

Immunoglobulin Light-chain Amyloidosis
0.82Well supported

Genetic evidence dominant · Open Targets 0.50

Prostate carcinoma
0.81Well supported

Genetic evidence dominant · Open Targets 0.50

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
0.78Well supported

Genetic evidence dominant · Open Targets 0.48

View evidence synthesis (5)
Breast NeoplasmsWell supported
0.93
agreement 0.841.00
Clinical40%Genetic26%Somatic mutation16%Pathway9%Literature8%RNA expression0%

Open Targets aggregate 0.66 · 6 independent evidence families

Multiple MyelomaWell supported
0.82
agreement 0.730.91
Genetic41%Somatic mutation29%Pathway14%Clinical10%Literature6%Genetic literaturedup

Open Targets aggregate 0.53 · 5 independent evidence families · 1 not counted as duplicate

Immunoglobulin Light-chain AmyloidosisWell supported
0.82
agreement 0.680.95
Genetic95%Literature6%

Open Targets aggregate 0.50 · 2 independent evidence families

Prostate carcinomaWell supported
0.81
agreement 0.700.93
Genetic62%Somatic mutation27%Literature11%

Open Targets aggregate 0.50 · 3 independent evidence families

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Well supported
0.78
agreement 0.640.92
Genetic97%Literature3%

Open Targets aggregate 0.48 · 2 independent evidence families

The evidence agreement range shows how closely the independent evidence families agree — it is not a statistical confidence interval, and nothing here is fitted to outcome data. Derived from Open Targets evidence types under Forefront weighting; the per-type scores above show the calculation.

Show all associations
Breast Neoplasms0.66
Multiple Myeloma0.53
Neurodegenerative Diseases0.53
Prostate carcinoma0.50
Immunoglobulin Light-chain Amyloidosis0.50
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 20.48
Neoplasms0.45
Diabetes Mellitus0.44

Drug development

2 compounds recorded · 1 approved · 1 in clinical development

Open Targets' development universe — every compound recorded against the target at any stage, not all approved medicines. Distinct from the 1 drug that targets this protein in Forefront's canonical graph (1 with a mapped approved indication, shown above): these count different sets and are not a subset relation.

View all recorded compounds (2)
PALBOCICLIBApproval
BRICICLIBPhase 1

Open Targets known-drugs universe. Drug name and highest clinical stage only — the disease relationship is NOT read from this slice (it carries trial-context noise); approved indications come from the canonical graph above.

Tractability

Small moleculesStrong

Advanced Clinical and High-Quality Ligand support this modality.

Protein degradersEmerging

Feasibility evidence (uniprot ubiquitination and database ubiquitination) — no clinical-stage drug of this modality recorded.

View underlying tractability evidence (6)
SM · Advanced ClinicalSM · High-Quality LigandSM · Druggable FamilyPR · UniProt UbiquitinationPR · Database UbiquitinationPR · Small Molecule Binder

Raw Open Targets tractability assessment buckets, by modality.

Safety-related annotations

regulation of transcription factor activityToxCastdrug toxicityClinPGx

Terms indexed against this target in Open Targets' safety data, with their datasource. These are annotations, not causal claims: the direction of effect (whether activation or inhibition is implicated), species and evidence strength are not captured here, so an entry does not mean that modulating this target is known to cause that condition.

Clinical trials

30

Trials of drugs that target this protein — reached indirectly through those drugs, so a trial listed here studies the drug, not the protein. Ranked by active status, then clinical phase and recency, and spread across the targeting drugs.

View all trials (26)

ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING · via palbociclib · NCT05554367

ClinicalTrials.gov via the drug-target graph.

What's happening now

12

Recent therapeutic activity around this target — regulatory actions, clinical trials and safety signals for a drug that targets this protein, plus publications where such a drug is a genuine subject. Every item is reached indirectly through the drug, not the protein itself; incidental mentions (a paper that merely measures a drug) and press items are excluded.

  1. Trial status changed2026-07-22

    Phase I Study of the Pan-ERBB Inhibitor Neratinib Given in Combination With Everolimus, Palbociclib, or Trametinib in Advanced Cancer Subjects With EGFR Mutation/Amplification, HER2 Mutation/Amplification, or HER3/4 Mutation or KRAS Mutation

    Status changed to Terminated · ClinicalTrials.gov · via palbociclib

  2. Trial status changed2026-07-21

    A Phase 1, Open-Label, Multicenter Study of INCB123667 as Monotherapy and in Combination With Anticancer Therapies in Participants With Selected Advanced Solid Tumors

    Status changed to Active, not recruiting · ClinicalTrials.gov · via palbociclib

  3. Indication expanded2026-06-24

    Indication expansion: PALBOCICLIB (NDA207103)

    fda · regulatory · fda · via palbociclib

  4. Indication expanded2026-06-24

    Indication expansion: PALBOCICLIB (NDA212436)

    fda · regulatory · fda · via palbociclib

  5. Regulatory approval2026-06-19

    Approval: Palbociclib Viatris (EMA)

    ema · regulatory · ema · via palbociclib

  6. Indication expanded2025-09-16

    Indication expansion: PALBOCICLIB (NDA212436)

    fda · regulatory · fda · via palbociclib

  7. Indication expanded2025-09-16

    Indication expansion: PALBOCICLIB (NDA207103)

    fda · regulatory · fda · via palbociclib

  8. Indication expanded2025-04-23

    Indication expansion: PALBOCICLIB (NDA207103)

    fda · regulatory · fda · via palbociclib

  9. New publication2024-01-02
    Efficacy, safety, and predictive model of Palbociclib in the treatment of HR-positive and HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer.

    BMC cancer · 2024 · 28 citations · Europe PMC · via palbociclib

  10. New publication2018-10-20
    Overall Survival with Palbociclib and Fulvestrant in Advanced Breast Cancer.

    The New England journal of medicine · 2018 · 885 citations · Europe PMC · via palbociclib

  11. New publication2018-03-01
    Clinical considerations of the role of palbociclib in the management of advanced breast cancer patients with and without visceral metastases.

    Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · 2018 · 73 citations · Europe PMC · via palbociclib

  12. New publication2016-11-01
    Palbociclib and Letrozole in Advanced Breast Cancer.

    The New England journal of medicine · 2016 · 2,179 citations · Europe PMC · via palbociclib

Objective event titles are shown unmodified; the event kind and significance line are derived from structured fields. Forefront AttentionEvent stream aggregating Europe PMC Regulatory filings ClinicalTrials.gov.

Related family literature

3

Papers about “Cyclins” — a broader family this protein belongs to. Shown as context; not counted as papers specifically about this protein.

Europe PMC literature, reached through curated HGNC family membership. Membership is a taxonomic relationship — it does not imply this protein participates in every mechanism these papers discuss.