Back to discover

Protein / target

Interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha

Encoded byIL6RP08887Homo sapiensSwiss-Prot
Clinically validated
Therapeutic maturity
4
Approved medicines
Open Targets target-level
View by indication →
30
Clinical trials
Small-molecule tractable
Druggability
Structure with Ligand

Protein at a glance

Biological role

Ciliary neurotrophic factor binding

Strongest disease association

Coronary Artery Disease

Via encoding gene IL6R · Genetic evidence · score 0.91

Therapeutic position

Established drug target

Antibodies

Derived from structured UniProt, Open Targets and literature data on this page.

Protein profile

UniProt 2026_02

Canonical identity and biological annotation from UniProt.

Function overview

Part of the receptor for interleukin 6.

View complete UniProt function annotation

Part of the receptor for interleukin 6. Binds to IL6 with low affinity, but does not transduce a signal (PubMed:28265003). Signal activation necessitate an association with IL6ST. Activation leads to the regulation of the immune response, acute-phase reactions and hematopoiesis (PubMed:30995492, PubMed:31235509). The interaction with membrane-bound IL6R and IL6ST stimulates 'classic signaling', the restricted expression of the IL6R limits classic IL6 signaling to only a few tissues such as the liver and some cells of the immune system. Whereas the binding of IL6 and soluble IL6R to IL6ST stimulates 'trans-signaling'. Alternatively, 'cluster signaling' occurs when membrane-bound IL6:IL6R complexes on transmitter cells activate IL6ST receptors on neighboring receiver cells (Probable)

Subcellular location

Cell membraneSecreted
Domains and Gene Ontology detail (47)

Domains & features

Ig-like C2-typeFibronectin type-III 1Fibronectin type-III 2

Gene Ontology

  • Capical plasma membrane
  • Cciliary neurotrophic factor receptor complex
  • Cexternal side of plasma membrane
  • Cextracellular region
  • Cextracellular space
  • Cinterleukin-6 receptor complex
  • Cplasma membrane
  • Creceptor complex
  • Fciliary neurotrophic factor binding
  • Fcytokine receptor activity
  • Fenzyme binding
  • Finterleukin-11 binding

468 aa · 52 kDa · 2 isoforms

Biological roles

Reactome v97

What this protein does, drawn together from its UniProt function, Gene Ontology terms and Reactome pathways.

Cell migrationGOCell proliferation & survivalGOImmune signallingUniProt · GO · Reactome
View supporting evidence

Cell migration

  • ·monocyte chemotaxis
  • ·positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis

Cell proliferation & survival

  • ·positive regulation of cell population proliferation

Immune signalling

  • ·Part of the receptor for interleukin 6. Binds to IL6 with low affinity, but does not tra…
  • ·interleukin-6 receptor complex
  • ·cytokine receptor activity
  • ·interleukin-11 binding
View underlying pathways (7)

Concepts derived from UniProt GO Reactome — each badge above shows which sources supported that role.

Interaction neighbourhood

STRING v12.0

Proteins with the strongest functional or physical association. Node size and line weight reflect STRING confidence; hover or select a partner to inspect one association.

IL6STIL6IL11STAT3JAK1TNFCNTFIL1BJAK2TYK2IL6R

10 strongest partners — larger node and heavier line mean higher confidence

Functional and physical associations from STRING v12.0. Only associations with this protein are drawn — partner-to-partner links are not part of this evidence.

Approved medicines with mapped indications

3 medicines · 8 areas

Approved therapies targeting this protein, grouped by what they are approved to treat — the disease-first view of the medicines below. Relationships come from the canonical approved-indication graph (ChEMBL phase-4), the same source as the drug cards.

Immune System Diseases3 medicines
Arthritis, Rheumatoid2 medicines
Arthritis, Juvenile1 medicine
COVID-191 medicine
Cytokine Release Syndrome1 medicine
Neuromyelitis Optica1 medicine
Scleroderma, Systemic1 medicine
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome1 medicine

4 medicines meet Open Targets' target-level approved-medicine definition; the 3 shown here are those on this page with a canonical approved disease indication in the graph. Approved indications from ChEMBL (phase-4), via the canonical drug→disease graph.

Drugs targeting this protein

3

How approved and investigational drugs engage this protein — mechanism and action type, direct vs complex targeting, and how broadly each acts across other targets. A drug-first view (the section above groups the approved ones disease-first); direct binders with few recorded targets are listed first.

tocilizumab
Narrow target profileApprovedInhibitor

Interleukin-6 receptor alpha subunit inhibitor

Indicated for Arthritis, Juvenile, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, COVID-19, Cytokine Release Syndrome

Direct interaction with this protein · Only this protein recorded as a target

sarilumab
Narrow target profileApprovedAntagonist

Interleukin-6 receptor alpha subunit antagonist

Indicated for Arthritis, Rheumatoid, Immune System Diseases

Direct interaction with this protein · Only this protein recorded as a target

satralizumab
ApprovedAntagonist

IL6Ralpha/GP130 antagonist

Indicated for Immune System Diseases, Neuromyelitis Optica

Acts on a complex — shared with IL6ST · 1 of 2 recorded protein targets — narrow recorded profile

ChEMBL mechanism, action type, target identity and approved indications. Open Targets clinical status.

Translational evidence

Open Targets 26

Why this target matters therapeutically, strongest evidence first. Disease associations are gene-level (via the gene that encodes this protein) and open into the full confidence synthesis; the development universe, tractability and safety annotations are target-level, from Open Targets.

Strongest disease associations · via encoding gene IL6R

Gene-level evidence surfaced through the gene IL6Rthat encodes this protein — not a direct protein–disease relationship. Ranked by Forefront's causal-directness weighting, so genetically- and clinically-evidenced diseases lead over ones that merely share the literature.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid
0.96Well supported

Genetic evidence dominant · Open Targets 0.74

Coronary Artery Disease
0.92Well supported

Genetic evidence dominant · Open Targets 0.58

Dermatitis, Atopic
0.91Well supported

Genetic evidence dominant · Open Targets 0.55

Asthma
0.89Well supported

Genetic evidence dominant · Open Targets 0.56

COVID-19
0.84Well supported

Clinical evidence dominant · Open Targets 0.63

View evidence synthesis (5)
Arthritis, RheumatoidWell supported
0.96
agreement 0.851.00
Genetic49%Clinical44%Literature7%

Open Targets aggregate 0.74 · 3 independent evidence families

Coronary Artery DiseaseWell supported
0.92
agreement 0.811.00
Genetic87%Literature13%Clinical0%

Open Targets aggregate 0.58 · 3 independent evidence families

Dermatitis, AtopicWell supported
0.91
agreement 0.771.00
Genetic99%Literature1%

Open Targets aggregate 0.55 · 2 independent evidence families

AsthmaWell supported
0.89
agreement 0.761.00
Genetic90%Literature10%

Open Targets aggregate 0.56 · 2 independent evidence families

COVID-19Well supported
0.84
agreement 0.740.95
Clinical55%Genetic35%Literature10%

Open Targets aggregate 0.63 · 3 independent evidence families

The evidence agreement range shows how closely the independent evidence families agree — it is not a statistical confidence interval, and nothing here is fitted to outcome data. Derived from Open Targets evidence types under Forefront weighting; the per-type scores above show the calculation.

Show all associations
Arthritis, Rheumatoid0.74
COVID-190.63
Arthritis, Juvenile0.60
Neuromyelitis Optica0.58
Coronary Artery Disease0.58
Temporal arteritis0.58
hyper-IgE recurrent infection syndrome 5, autosomal recessive0.58
Asthma0.56
Dermatitis, Atopic0.55

Drug development

5 compounds recorded · 4 approved · 1 in clinical development

Open Targets' development universe — every compound recorded against the target at any stage, not all approved medicines. Distinct from the 3 drugs that target this protein in Forefront's canonical graph (3 with a mapped approved indication, shown above): these count different sets and are not a subset relation.

View all recorded compounds (5)
SATRALIZUMABApproval
TOCILIZUMABApproval
LEVILIMABApproval
SARILUMABApproval
VOBARILIZUMABPhase 2

Open Targets known-drugs universe. Drug name and highest clinical stage only — the disease relationship is NOT read from this slice (it carries trial-context noise); approved indications come from the canonical graph above.

Tractability

Small moleculesEmerging

Feasibility evidence (structure with ligand) — no clinical-stage drug of this modality recorded.

AntibodiesStrong

Approved Drug and UniProt loc high conf support this modality.

View underlying tractability evidence (6)
SM · Structure with LigandAB · Approved DrugAB · UniProt loc high confAB · GO CC high confAB · UniProt loc med confAB · UniProt SigP or TMHMM

Raw Open Targets tractability assessment buckets, by modality.

Safety-related annotations

regulation of transcription factor activityToxCast

Terms indexed against this target in Open Targets' safety data, with their datasource. These are annotations, not causal claims: the direction of effect (whether activation or inhibition is implicated), species and evidence strength are not captured here, so an entry does not mean that modulating this target is known to cause that condition.

Clinical trials

30

Trials of drugs that target this protein — reached indirectly through those drugs, so a trial listed here studies the drug, not the protein. Ranked by active status, then clinical phase and recency, and spread across the targeting drugs.

View all trials (26)

RECRUITING · via tocilizumab · NCT04381936

ClinicalTrials.gov via the drug-target graph.

What's happening now

12

Recent therapeutic activity around this target — regulatory actions, clinical trials and safety signals for 3 drugs that target this protein, plus publications where such a drug is a genuine subject. Every item is reached indirectly through the drug, not the protein itself; incidental mentions (a paper that merely measures a drug) and press items are excluded.

  1. Trial results posted2026-08-07

    A Safety Run-In and Phase II Study Evaluating the Efficacy, Safety, and Impact on the Tumor Microenvironment of the Combination of Tocilizumab, Atezolizumab, and Fractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy in Recurrent Glioblastoma

    Results posted · ClinicalTrials.gov · via tocilizumab

  2. Trial status changed2026-07-15

    Satralizumab,an Anti-IL-6 Receptor Antibody, in the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension; Safety and Efficacy Evaluation in Japan -Multicenter, Investigator-sponsored Trial-

    Status changed to Completed · ClinicalTrials.gov · via satralizumab

  3. Supplemental approval2026-06-10

    Supplemental approval: SATRALIZUMAB (BLA761149)

    fda · regulatory · fda · via satralizumab

  4. Regulatory approval2026-04-27

    Approval: Tuyory (EMA)

    ema · regulatory · ema · via tocilizumab

  5. Regulatory approval2025-02-14

    Approval: Avtozma (EMA)

    ema · regulatory · ema · via tocilizumab

  6. Regulatory approval2024-06-20

    Approval: Tocilizumab STADA (previously Tofidence) (EMA)

    ema · regulatory · ema · via tocilizumab

  7. Regulatory approval2023-09-15

    Approval: Tyenne (EMA)

    ema · regulatory · ema · via tocilizumab

  8. New publication2022-02-25
    Subcutaneous sarilumab for the treatment of hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COVID19 disease: A pragmatic, embedded randomized clinical trial.

    PloS one · 2022 · 13 citations · Europe PMC · via sarilumab

  9. New publication2021-08-01
    Association Between Administration of IL-6 Antagonists and Mortality Among Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19: A Meta-analysis.

    JAMA · 2021 · 548 citations · Europe PMC · via sarilumab

  10. Safety communication2019-07-17

    Drug Safety Update: Tocilizumab (RoActemra): rare risk of serious liver injury including cases requiring transplantation

    mhra · safety · mhra · via tocilizumab

  11. New publication2018-02-01
    Tisagenlecleucel in Children and Young Adults with B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

    The New England journal of medicine · 2018 · 4,269 citations · Europe PMC · via tocilizumab

  12. New publication2014-10-01
    Chimeric antigen receptor T cells for sustained remissions in leukemia.

    The New England journal of medicine · 2014 · 4,230 citations · Europe PMC · via tocilizumab

Objective event titles are shown unmodified; the event kind and significance line are derived from structured fields. Forefront AttentionEvent stream aggregating Europe PMC Regulatory filings ClinicalTrials.gov.