Protein / target
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter
Protein at a glance
Biological role
Neurotransmitter transmembrane transporter
Strongest disease association
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
Therapeutic position
Established drug target
Derived from structured UniProt, Open Targets and literature data on this page.
Protein profile
Canonical identity and biological annotation from UniProt.
Function overview
Mediates sodium- and chloride-dependent transport of norepinephrine (also known as noradrenaline), the primary signaling neurotransmitter in the autonomic sympathetic nervous system.
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Mediates sodium- and chloride-dependent transport of norepinephrine (also known as noradrenaline), the primary signaling neurotransmitter in the autonomic sympathetic nervous system (PubMed:2008212, PubMed:8125921, PubMed:38750358). Is responsible for norepinephrine re-uptake and clearance from the synaptic cleft, thus playing a crucial role in norepinephrine inactivation and homeostasis (By similarity). Can also mediate sodium- and chloride-dependent transport of dopamine (PubMed:11093780, PubMed:8125921, PubMed:39395208, PubMed:39048818)
Subcellular location
Domains and Gene Ontology detail (26)Hide
Gene Ontology
- Caxon
- Ccell surface
- Cmembrane
- Cneuronal cell body membrane
- Cplasma membrane
- Cpresynaptic membrane
- Csynaptic vesicle membrane
- Factin binding
- Falpha-tubulin binding
- Fbeta-tubulin binding
- Fdopamine:sodium symporter activity
- Fmetal ion binding
Biological roles
What this protein does, drawn together from its UniProt function, Gene Ontology terms and Reactome pathways.
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Synaptic signalling
- ·Synapse, synaptosome
- ·presynaptic membrane
- ·chemical synaptic transmission
- ·dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission
Ion channel gating
- ·sodium ion transmembrane transport
View underlying pathways (2)Hide underlying pathways
Concepts derived from UniProt GO Reactome — each badge above shows which sources supported that role.
Interaction neighbourhood
Proteins with the strongest functional or physical association. Node size and line weight reflect STRING confidence; hover or select a partner to inspect one association.
Functional and physical associations from STRING v12.0. Only associations with this protein are drawn — partner-to-partner links are not part of this evidence.
Approved medicines with mapped indications
Approved therapies targeting this protein, grouped by what they are approved to treat — the disease-first view of the medicines below. Relationships come from the canonical approved-indication graph (ChEMBL phase-4), the same source as the drug cards.
84 medicines meet Open Targets' target-level approved-medicine definition; the 2 shown here are those on this page with a canonical approved disease indication in the graph. Approved indications from ChEMBL (phase-4), via the canonical drug→disease graph.
Drugs targeting this protein
How approved and investigational drugs engage this protein — mechanism and action type, direct vs complex targeting, and how broadly each acts across other targets. A drug-first view (the section above groups the approved ones disease-first); direct binders with few recorded targets are listed first.
Norepinephrine transporter releasing agent
Indicated for Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
Norepinephrine transporter inhibitor
Indicated for Anxiety Disorders, Chronic Pain, Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic Neuropathies
ChEMBL mechanism, action type, target identity and approved indications. Open Targets clinical status.
Translational evidence
Why this target matters therapeutically, strongest evidence first. Disease associations are gene-level (via the gene that encodes this protein) and open into the full confidence synthesis; the development universe, tractability and safety annotations are target-level, from Open Targets.
Strongest disease associations · via encoding gene SLC6A2
Gene-level evidence surfaced through the gene SLC6A2that encodes this protein — not a direct protein–disease relationship. Ranked by Forefront's causal-directness weighting, so genetically- and clinically-evidenced diseases lead over ones that merely share the literature.
View evidence synthesis (5)Hide
The evidence agreement range shows how closely the independent evidence families agree — it is not a statistical confidence interval, and nothing here is fitted to outcome data. Derived from Open Targets evidence types under Forefront weighting; the per-type scores above show the calculation.
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Drug development
104 compounds recorded · 84 approved · 15 in clinical development · 5 earlier-stage
View all recorded compounds (10)Hide
Open Targets known-drugs universe. Drug name and highest clinical stage only — the disease relationship is NOT read from this slice (it carries trial-context noise); approved indications come from the canonical graph above.
Tractability
Small molecules — Strong
Antibodies — Emerging
Protein degraders — Emerging
View underlying tractability evidence (8)Hide
Raw Open Targets tractability assessment buckets, by modality.
Safety-related annotations
Terms indexed against this target in Open Targets' safety data, with their datasource. These are annotations, not causal claims: the direction of effect (whether activation or inhibition is implicated), species and evidence strength are not captured here, so an entry does not mean that modulating this target is known to cause that condition.
Clinical trials
Trials of drugs that target this protein — reached indirectly through those drugs, so a trial listed here studies the drug, not the protein. Ranked by active status, then clinical phase and recency, and spread across the targeting drugs.
View all trials (26)Hide
ClinicalTrials.gov via the drug-target graph.
What's happening now
Recent therapeutic activity around this target — regulatory actions, clinical trials and safety signals for 2 drugs that target this protein, plus publications where such a drug is a genuine subject. Every item is reached indirectly through the drug, not the protein itself; incidental mentions (a paper that merely measures a drug) and press items are excluded.
- Label change
Label change: DULOXETINE (NDA219131)
- Product recall
Recall (Class II): DULOXETINE HYDROCHLORIDE
- Product recall
Recall (Class II): DULOXETINE HYDROCHLORIDE
- Regulatory approval
Approval: DULOXETINE (NDA219131)
- Product recall
Recall (Class II): DULOXETINE HYDROCHLORIDE
- New publicationAstroglial CB<sub>1</sub> Reveal Sex-Specific Synaptic Effects of Amphetamine.
- New publicationAstrocytes Mediate Psychostimulant-Induced Alterations of Spike-Timing Dependent Synaptic Plasticity.
- Product recall
Recall (Class II): DULOXETINE HYDROCHLORIDE
- New publicationPrevention and management of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in survivors of adult cancers: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline.
- New publicationDuloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of patients with diabetic neuropathic pain in China.
- New publicationEfficacy and safety of duloxetine 60 mg and 120 mg daily in patients hospitalized for severe depression: a double-blind randomized trial.
- Regulatory approval
Approval: Yentreve (EMA)
Objective event titles are shown unmodified; the event kind and significance line are derived from structured fields. Forefront AttentionEvent stream aggregating Europe PMC Regulatory filings ClinicalTrials.gov.