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Protein / target

Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G

Encoded byCACNA1GO43497Homo sapiensSwiss-Prot
Clinically validated
Therapeutic maturity
13
Approved medicines
Open Targets target-level
View by indication →
30
Clinical trials
Small-molecule tractable
Druggability
Approved Drug

Protein at a glance

Biological role

High voltage-gated calcium channel

Strongest disease association

Spinocerebellar ataxia 42, early-onset, severe, with neurodevelopmental deficits

Via encoding gene CACNA1G · Genetic evidence · score 0.84

Therapeutic position

Established drug target

Small molecules

Derived from structured UniProt, Open Targets and literature data on this page.

Protein profile

UniProt 2026_02

Canonical identity and biological annotation from UniProt.

Function overview

Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death.

View complete UniProt function annotation

Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. The isoform alpha-1G gives rise to T-type calcium currents. T-type calcium channels belong to the 'low-voltage activated (LVA)' group and are strongly blocked by mibefradil. A particularity of this type of channel is an opening at quite negative potentials and a voltage-dependent inactivation. T-type channels serve pacemaking functions in both central neurons and cardiac nodal cells and support calcium signaling in secretory cells and vascular smooth muscle. They may also be involved in the modulation of firing patterns of neurons which is important for information processing as well as in cell growth processes

Subcellular location

Cell membraneCytoplasm
Domains and Gene Ontology detail (22)

Gene Ontology

  • Ccytoplasm
  • Cplasma membrane
  • Cvoltage-gated calcium channel complex
  • Fhigh voltage-gated calcium channel activity
  • Flow voltage-gated calcium channel activity
  • Fscaffold protein binding
  • Fvoltage-gated calcium channel activity
  • Fvoltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in AV node cell action potential
  • Fvoltage-gated calcium channel activity involved SA node cell action potential
  • PAV node cell action potential
  • PAV node cell to bundle of His cell signaling
  • Pcalcium ion import

2377 aa · 262 kDa · 35 isoforms

Biological roles

Reactome v97

What this protein does, drawn together from its UniProt function, Gene Ontology terms and Reactome pathways.

Ion channel gatingGOCell migrationUniProtMuscle contractionUniProt · Reactome
View supporting evidence

Ion channel gating

  • ·calcium ion transmembrane transport

Cell migration

  • ·Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitab…

Muscle contraction

  • ·Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitab…
  • ·Smooth Muscle Contraction
View underlying pathways (2)

Concepts derived from UniProt GO Reactome — each badge above shows which sources supported that role.

Interaction neighbourhood

STRING v12.0

Proteins with the strongest functional or physical association. Node size and line weight reflect STRING confidence; hover or select a partner to inspect one association.

CALM3CALML3CALML4CALML5CALML6CACNA1ICACNA1HTRPC1TRPC5TRPC4CACNA1G

10 strongest partners — larger node and heavier line mean higher confidence

Functional and physical associations from STRING v12.0. Only associations with this protein are drawn — partner-to-partner links are not part of this evidence.

Approved medicines with mapped indications

2 medicines · 8 areas

Approved therapies targeting this protein, grouped by what they are approved to treat — the disease-first view of the medicines below. Relationships come from the canonical approved-indication graph (ChEMBL phase-4), the same source as the drug cards.

Epilepsy2 medicines
Seizures2 medicines
Anxiety Disorders1 medicine
Fibromyalgia1 medicine
Neuralgia1 medicine
Neuralgia, Postherpetic1 medicine
Restless Legs Syndrome1 medicine
Spinal Cord Injuries1 medicine

13 medicines meet Open Targets' target-level approved-medicine definition; the 2 shown here are those on this page with a canonical approved disease indication in the graph. Approved indications from ChEMBL (phase-4), via the canonical drug→disease graph.

Drugs targeting this protein

2

How approved and investigational drugs engage this protein — mechanism and action type, direct vs complex targeting, and how broadly each acts across other targets. A drug-first view (the section above groups the approved ones disease-first); direct binders with few recorded targets are listed first.

gabapentin
ApprovedModulator

Voltage-gated calcium channel modulator

Indicated for Epilepsy, Neuralgia, Postherpetic, Restless Legs Syndrome, Seizures

Acts on a complex — shared with CACNB4, CACNG4, CACNG3 +22 more · 1 of 26 recorded protein targets — broad pharmacology

pregabalin
ApprovedModulator

Voltage-gated calcium channel modulator

Indicated for Anxiety Disorders, Epilepsy, Fibromyalgia, Neuralgia

Acts on a complex — shared with CACNB4, CACNG4, CACNG3 +22 more · 1 of 26 recorded protein targets — broad pharmacology

ChEMBL mechanism, action type, target identity and approved indications. Open Targets clinical status.

Translational evidence

Open Targets 26

Why this target matters therapeutically, strongest evidence first. Disease associations are gene-level (via the gene that encodes this protein) and open into the full confidence synthesis; the development universe, tractability and safety annotations are target-level, from Open Targets.

Strongest disease associations · via encoding gene CACNA1G

Gene-level evidence surfaced through the gene CACNA1G that encodes this protein — not a direct protein–disease relationship. Ranked by Forefront's causal-directness weighting, so genetically- and clinically-evidenced diseases lead over ones that merely share the literature.

Spinocerebellar ataxia 42, early-onset, severe, with neurodevelopmental deficits
0.86Well supported

Genetic evidence dominant · Open Targets 0.74

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 42
0.84Well supported

Genetic evidence dominant · Open Targets 0.78

Epilepsy
0.80Well supported

Clinical evidence dominant · Open Targets 0.64

Neuralgia
0.74Moderately supported

Clinical evidence dominant · Open Targets 0.60

View evidence synthesis (4)
Spinocerebellar ataxia 42, early-onset, severe, with neurodevelopmental deficitsWell supported
0.86
agreement 0.740.98
Genetic85%Animal model14%Literature2%Genetic literaturedup

Open Targets aggregate 0.74 · 3 independent evidence families · 1 not counted as duplicate

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 42Well supported
0.84
agreement 0.720.96
Genetic80%Animal model19%Literature2%Genetic literaturedup

Open Targets aggregate 0.78 · 3 independent evidence families · 1 not counted as duplicate

EpilepsyWell supported
0.80
agreement 0.700.91
Clinical77%Genetic20%Literature3%

Open Targets aggregate 0.64 · 3 independent evidence families

NeuralgiaModerately supported
0.74
agreement 0.590.90
Clinical100%Literature1%

Open Targets aggregate 0.60 · 2 independent evidence families

This ranking differs from Open Targets' own: re-weighting moves genetically-evidenced diseases above more heavily co-mentioned ones. The evidence agreement range shows how closely the independent evidence families agree — it is not a statistical confidence interval, and nothing here is fitted to outcome data. Derived from Open Targets evidence types under Forefront weighting; the per-type scores above show the calculation.

Show all associations
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 420.78
Spinocerebellar ataxia 42, early-onset, severe, with neurodevelopmental deficits0.74
Epilepsy0.64
Neuralgia0.60

Drug development

19 compounds recorded · 13 approved · 5 in clinical development · 1 earlier-stage

Open Targets' development universe — every compound recorded against the target at any stage, not all approved medicines. Distinct from the 2 drugs that target this protein in Forefront's canonical graph (2 with a mapped approved indication, shown above): these count different sets and are not a subset relation.

View all recorded compounds (10)
TERODILINEApproval
MIBEFRADILApproval
SUVECALTAMIDEPhase 2
PHENSUXIMIDEApproval
BEPRIDILApproval
MIBEFRADIL DIHYDROCHLORIDEPhase 1
IMAGABALINPhase 3
SULOCTIDILApproval
TERODILINE HYDROCHLORIDEUnknown
PARAMETHADIONEApproval

Open Targets known-drugs universe. Drug name and highest clinical stage only — the disease relationship is NOT read from this slice (it carries trial-context noise); approved indications come from the canonical graph above.

Tractability

Small moleculesStrong

Approved Drug and Structure with Ligand support this modality.

AntibodiesEmerging

Feasibility evidence (uniprot loc high conf and go cc high conf) — no clinical-stage drug of this modality recorded.

Protein degradersEmerging

Feasibility evidence (small molecule binder) — no clinical-stage drug of this modality recorded.

View underlying tractability evidence (8)
SM · Approved DrugSM · Structure with LigandSM · High-Quality LigandSM · Druggable FamilyAB · UniProt loc high confAB · GO CC high confAB · UniProt SigP or TMHMMPR · Small Molecule Binder

Raw Open Targets tractability assessment buckets, by modality.

Clinical trials

30

Trials of drugs that target this protein — reached indirectly through those drugs, so a trial listed here studies the drug, not the protein. Ranked by active status, then clinical phase and recency, and spread across the targeting drugs.

View all trials (26)

ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING · via gabapentin · NCT05921604

RECRUITING · via gabapentin · NCT04724252

COMPLETED · via gabapentin · NCT05076110

COMPLETED · via gabapentin · NCT05063656

COMPLETED · via gabapentin · NCT03472521

WITHDRAWN · via gabapentin · NCT03121963

ClinicalTrials.gov via the drug-target graph.

What's happening now

12

Recent therapeutic activity around this target — regulatory actions, clinical trials and safety signals for 2 drugs that target this protein, plus publications where such a drug is a genuine subject. Every item is reached indirectly through the drug, not the protein itself; incidental mentions (a paper that merely measures a drug) and press items are excluded.

  1. Label change2026-09-11

    Label change: GABAPENTIN (ANDA090705)

    fda · regulatory · fda · via gabapentin

  2. Label change2026-08-25

    Label change: GABAPENTIN (ANDA216492)

    fda · regulatory · fda · via gabapentin

  3. Label change2026-07-22

    Label change: GABAPENTIN (ANDA217995)

    fda · regulatory · fda · via gabapentin

  4. Regulatory approval2026-06-23

    Approval: GABAPENTIN (ANDA203611)

    fda · regulatory · fda · via gabapentin

  5. Regulatory approval2026-04-30

    Approval: PREGABALIN (ANDA219593)

    fda · regulatory · fda · via pregabalin

  6. Safety communication2022-04-19

    Drug Safety Update: Pregabalin (Lyrica): findings of safety study on risks during pregnancy

    mhra · safety · mhra · via pregabalin

  7. Safety communication2021-02-18

    Drug Safety Update: Pregabalin (Lyrica): reports of severe respiratory depression

    mhra · safety · mhra · via pregabalin

  8. Safety communication2017-10-26

    Drug Safety Update: Gabapentin (Neurontin): risk of severe respiratory depression

    mhra · safety · mhra · via gabapentin

  9. New publication2014-04-14
    Prevention and management of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in survivors of adult cancers: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline.

    Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2014 · 831 citations · Europe PMC · via gabapentin

  10. New publication2012-02-29
    A proof-of-concept randomized controlled study of gabapentin: effects on cannabis use, withdrawal and executive function deficits in cannabis-dependent adults.

    Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2012 · 132 citations · Europe PMC · via gabapentin

  11. New publication2011-12-09
    Cerebrospinal fluid neurotransmitter changes during the perioperative period in patients undergoing total knee replacement: a randomized trial.

    Anesthesia and analgesia · 2012 · 22 citations · Europe PMC · via pregabalin

  12. New publication2010-11-03
    An enhanced bunionectomy model as a potential tool for early decision-making in the development of new analgesics.

    Advances in therapy · 2010 · 20 citations · Europe PMC · via pregabalin

Objective event titles are shown unmodified; the event kind and significance line are derived from structured fields. Forefront AttentionEvent stream aggregating Europe PMC Regulatory filings ClinicalTrials.gov.