Protein / target
Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase
Protein at a glance
Biological role
Flavin adenine dinucleotide binding
Strongest disease association
Gout
Therapeutic position
Established drug target
Derived from structured UniProt, Open Targets and literature data on this page.
Protein profile
Canonical identity and biological annotation from UniProt.
Function overview
Key enzyme in purine degradation.
View complete UniProt function annotationHide complete annotation
Key enzyme in purine degradation. Catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine. Catalyzes the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. Contributes to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Has also low oxidase activity towards aldehydes (in vitro)
Subcellular location
Domains and Gene Ontology detail (30)Hide
Domains & features
Gene Ontology
- Ccytosol
- Cextracellular space
- Cperoxisome
- Csarcoplasmic reticulum
- F2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding
- FFAD binding
- Fflavin adenine dinucleotide binding
- Fhypoxanthine dehydrogenase activity
- Fhypoxanthine oxidase activity
- Firon ion binding
- Fmolybdopterin cofactor binding
- Fprotein homodimerization activity
Biological roles
What this protein does, drawn together from its UniProt function, Gene Ontology terms and Reactome pathways.
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Metabolic enzyme activity
- ·hypoxanthine dehydrogenase activity
- ·xanthine dehydrogenase activity
- ·allantoin metabolic process
Concepts derived from UniProt GO Reactome — each badge above shows which sources supported that role.
Approved medicines with mapped indications
Approved therapies targeting this protein, grouped by what they are approved to treat — the disease-first view of the medicines below. Relationships come from the canonical approved-indication graph (ChEMBL phase-4), the same source as the drug cards.
4 medicines meet Open Targets' target-level approved-medicine definition; the 1 shown here are those on this page with a canonical approved disease indication in the graph. Approved indications from ChEMBL (phase-4), via the canonical drug→disease graph.
Drugs targeting this protein
How approved and investigational drugs engage this protein — mechanism and action type, direct vs complex targeting, and how broadly each acts across other targets. A drug-first view (the section above groups the approved ones disease-first); direct binders with few recorded targets are listed first.
Xanthine dehydrogenase inhibitor
Indicated for Arthritis, Gouty, Gout, Hyperuricemia
ChEMBL mechanism, action type, target identity and approved indications. Open Targets clinical status.
Translational evidence
Why this target matters therapeutically, strongest evidence first. Disease associations are gene-level (via the gene that encodes this protein) and open into the full confidence synthesis; the development universe, tractability and safety annotations are target-level, from Open Targets.
Strongest disease associations · via encoding gene XDH
Gene-level evidence surfaced through the gene XDH that encodes this protein — not a direct protein–disease relationship. Ranked by Forefront's causal-directness weighting, so genetically- and clinically-evidenced diseases lead over ones that merely share the literature.
View evidence synthesis (5)Hide
The evidence agreement range shows how closely the independent evidence families agree — it is not a statistical confidence interval, and nothing here is fitted to outcome data. Derived from Open Targets evidence types under Forefront weighting; the per-type scores above show the calculation.
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Drug development
6 compounds recorded · 4 approved · 2 in clinical development
View all recorded compounds (6)Hide
Open Targets known-drugs universe. Drug name and highest clinical stage only — the disease relationship is NOT read from this slice (it carries trial-context noise); approved indications come from the canonical graph above.
Tractability
Small molecules — Strong
Antibodies — Emerging
Protein degraders — Emerging
View underlying tractability evidence (8)Hide
Raw Open Targets tractability assessment buckets, by modality.
Safety-related annotations
Terms indexed against this target in Open Targets' safety data, with their datasource. These are annotations, not causal claims: the direction of effect (whether activation or inhibition is implicated), species and evidence strength are not captured here, so an entry does not mean that modulating this target is known to cause that condition.
Clinical trials
Trials of drugs that target this protein — reached indirectly through those drugs, so a trial listed here studies the drug, not the protein. Ranked by active status, then clinical phase and recency, and spread across the targeting drugs.
View all trials (26)Hide
ClinicalTrials.gov via the drug-target graph.
What's happening now
Recent therapeutic activity around this target — regulatory actions, clinical trials and safety signals for a drug that targets this protein, plus publications where such a drug is a genuine subject. Every item is reached indirectly through the drug, not the protein itself; incidental mentions (a paper that merely measures a drug) and press items are excluded.
- Safety communication
Drug Safety Update: Febuxostat: updated advice for the treatment of patients with a history of major cardiovascular disease
- Safety communication
Drug Safety Update: Febuxostat (Adenuric): increased risk of cardiovascular death and all-cause mortality in clinical trial in patients with a history of major cardiovascular disease
- Regulatory approval
Approval: Febuxostat Krka (EMA)
- New publicationCardiovascular Safety of Febuxostat or Allopurinol in Patients with Gout.
- Regulatory approval
Approval: Febuxostat Viatris (previously Febuxostat Mylan) (EMA)
- Safety communication
Drug Safety Update: Febuxostat (Adenuric▼): stop treatment if signs or symptoms of serious hypersensitivity
- New publicationCardiovascular safety of febuxostat and allopurinol in patients with gout and cardiovascular comorbidities.
- New publicationEffect of prophylaxis on gout flares after the initiation of urate-lowering therapy: analysis of data from three phase III trials.
- New publicationEffects of febuxostat versus allopurinol and placebo in reducing serum urate in subjects with hyperuricemia and gout: a 28-week, phase III, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial.
- New publicationDeterminants of the clinical outcomes of gout during the first year of urate-lowering therapy.
- Regulatory approval
Approval: Adenuric (EMA)
- New publicationFebuxostat compared with allopurinol in patients with hyperuricemia and gout.
Objective event titles are shown unmodified; the event kind and significance line are derived from structured fields. Forefront AttentionEvent stream aggregating Europe PMC Regulatory filings ClinicalTrials.gov.