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Protein / target

Interleukin-1 receptor type 1

Encoded byIL1R1P14778Homo sapiensSwiss-Prot
Clinically validated
Therapeutic maturity
1
Approved medicines
Open Targets target-level
View by indication →
30
Clinical trials
Small-molecule tractable
Druggability
High-Quality Ligand

Protein at a glance

Biological role

NAD+ nucleosidase activity, cyclic ADP-ribose generating

Strongest disease association

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Via encoding gene IL1R1 · Genetic evidence · score 0.67

Therapeutic position

Established drug target

Antibodies

Research activity

Emerging research

1 papers · latest 2024

Derived from structured UniProt, Open Targets and literature data on this page.

Protein profile

UniProt 2026_02

Canonical identity and biological annotation from UniProt.

Function overview

Receptor for IL1A, IL1B and IL1RN.

View complete UniProt function annotation

Receptor for IL1A, IL1B and IL1RN (PubMed:2950091, PubMed:37315560). After binding to interleukin-1 associates with the coreceptor IL1RAP to form the high affinity interleukin-1 receptor complex which mediates interleukin-1-dependent activation of NF-kappa-B, MAPK and other pathways. Signaling involves the recruitment of adapter molecules such as TOLLIP, MYD88, and IRAK1 or IRAK2 via the respective TIR domains of the receptor/coreceptor subunits. Binds ligands with comparable affinity and binding of antagonist IL1RN prevents association with IL1RAP to form a signaling complex. Involved in IL1B-mediated costimulation of IFNG production from T-helper 1 (Th1) cells (PubMed:10653850)

Subcellular location

MembraneCell membraneSecreted
Domains and Gene Ontology detail (30)

Domains & features

Ig-like C2-type 1Ig-like C2-type 2Ig-like C2-type 3TIR

Gene Ontology

  • Ccell surface
  • Cexternal side of plasma membrane
  • Cextracellular space
  • Cmembrane
  • Cplasma membrane
  • Finterleukin-1 binding
  • Finterleukin-1 receptor activity
  • Finterleukin-1, type I, activating receptor activity
  • FNAD+ nucleosidase activity, cyclic ADP-ribose generating
  • Fplatelet-derived growth factor receptor binding
  • Fprotease binding
  • Ftransmembrane signaling receptor activity

569 aa · 65 kDa

Biological roles

What this protein does, drawn together from its UniProt function, Gene Ontology terms and Reactome pathways.

Growth-factor signallingGOImmune signallingUniProt · GO
View supporting evidence

Growth-factor signalling

  • ·positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Immune signalling

  • ·Receptor for IL1A, IL1B and IL1RN (PubMed:2950091, PubMed:37315560). After binding to in…
  • ·interleukin-1 binding
  • ·interleukin-1 receptor activity
  • ·interleukin-1, type I, activating receptor activity

Concepts derived from UniProt GO Reactome — each badge above shows which sources supported that role.

Approved medicines with mapped indications

1 medicine · 4 areas

Approved therapies targeting this protein, grouped by what they are approved to treat — the disease-first view of the medicines below. Relationships come from the canonical approved-indication graph (ChEMBL phase-4), the same source as the drug cards.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid1 medicine
COVID-191 medicine
Cryopyrin-associated Periodic Syndromes1 medicine
Immune System Diseases1 medicine

Approved indications from ChEMBL (phase-4), via the canonical drug→disease graph.

Drugs targeting this protein

1

How approved and investigational drugs engage this protein — mechanism and action type, direct vs complex targeting, and how broadly each acts across other targets. A drug-first view (the section above groups the approved ones disease-first); direct binders with few recorded targets are listed first.

anakinra
Narrow target profileApprovedAntagonist

Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist

Indicated for Arthritis, Rheumatoid, COVID-19, Cryopyrin-associated Periodic Syndromes, Immune System Diseases

Direct interaction with this protein · Only this protein recorded as a target

ChEMBL mechanism, action type, target identity and approved indications. Open Targets clinical status.

Translational evidence

Open Targets 26

Why this target matters therapeutically, strongest evidence first. Disease associations are gene-level (via the gene that encodes this protein) and open into the full confidence synthesis; the development universe, tractability and safety annotations are target-level, from Open Targets.

Strongest disease associations · via encoding gene IL1R1

Gene-level evidence surfaced through the gene IL1R1 that encodes this protein — not a direct protein–disease relationship. Ranked by Forefront's causal-directness weighting, so genetically- and clinically-evidenced diseases lead over ones that merely share the literature.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid
0.73Moderately supported

Clinical evidence dominant · Open Targets 0.59

Asthma
0.69Moderately supported

Genetic evidence dominant · Open Targets 0.41

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
0.68Moderately supported

Genetic evidence dominant · Open Targets 0.41

Gout
0.58Moderately supported

Genetic evidence dominant · Open Targets 0.34

COVID-19
0.53Moderately supported

Clinical evidence dominant · Open Targets 0.40

View evidence synthesis (5)
Arthritis, RheumatoidModerately supported
0.73
agreement 0.600.87
Clinical84%Literature15%RNA expression1%

Open Targets aggregate 0.59 · 3 independent evidence families

AsthmaModerately supported
0.69
agreement 0.590.80
Genetic79%Clinical11%Literature10%

Open Targets aggregate 0.41 · 3 independent evidence families

Inflammatory Bowel DiseasesModerately supported
0.68
agreement 0.540.81
Genetic95%Literature5%

Open Targets aggregate 0.41 · 2 independent evidence families

GoutModerately supported
0.58
agreement 0.480.69
Genetic82%Clinical14%Literature4%

Open Targets aggregate 0.34 · 3 independent evidence families

COVID-19Moderately supported
0.53
agreement 0.380.69
Clinical79%Literature21%

Open Targets aggregate 0.40 · 2 independent evidence families

The evidence agreement range shows how closely the independent evidence families agree — it is not a statistical confidence interval, and nothing here is fitted to outcome data. Derived from Open Targets evidence types under Forefront weighting; the per-type scores above show the calculation.

Show all associations
Arthritis, Rheumatoid0.59
Asthma0.41
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases0.41
COVID-190.40
Immune System Diseases0.37
Neurodegenerative Diseases0.35
Gout0.34

Drug development

3 compounds recorded · 1 approved · 2 in clinical development

Open Targets' development universe — every compound recorded against the target at any stage, not all approved medicines. Distinct from the 1 drug that targets this protein in Forefront's canonical graph (1 with a mapped approved indication, shown above): these count different sets and are not a subset relation.

View all recorded compounds (3)
AMG-108Phase 2
MEDI-8968Phase 2
ANAKINRAApproval

Open Targets known-drugs universe. Drug name and highest clinical stage only — the disease relationship is NOT read from this slice (it carries trial-context noise); approved indications come from the canonical graph above.

Tractability

Small moleculesEmerging

Feasibility evidence (high-quality ligand) — no clinical-stage drug of this modality recorded.

AntibodiesStrong

Advanced Clinical and UniProt loc high conf support this modality.

Protein degradersEmerging

Feasibility evidence (database ubiquitination and small molecule binder) — no clinical-stage drug of this modality recorded.

Other modalitiesStrong

Approved Drug support this modality.

View underlying tractability evidence (9)
SM · High-Quality LigandAB · Advanced ClinicalAB · UniProt loc high confAB · GO CC high confAB · UniProt SigP or TMHMMAB · Human Protein Atlas locPR · Database UbiquitinationPR · Small Molecule BinderOC · Approved Drug

Raw Open Targets tractability assessment buckets, by modality.

Clinical trials

30

Trials of drugs that target this protein — reached indirectly through those drugs, so a trial listed here studies the drug, not the protein. Ranked by active status, then clinical phase and recency, and spread across the targeting drugs.

View all trials (26)

RECRUITING · via anakinra · NCT05267821

RECRUITING · via anakinra · NCT04381936

ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING · via anakinra · NCT05280340

NOT_YET_RECRUITING · via anakinra · NCT07410312

RECRUITING · via anakinra · NCT03968913

COMPLETED · via anakinra · NCT02219828

ClinicalTrials.gov via the drug-target graph.

What's happening now

6

Recent therapeutic activity around this target — regulatory actions, clinical trials and safety signals for a drug that targets this protein, plus publications where such a drug is a genuine subject. Every item is reached indirectly through the drug, not the protein itself; incidental mentions (a paper that merely measures a drug) and press items are excluded.

  1. Trial status changed2026-09-04

    The Effects of IL-1 Blockade on Inotrope Sensitivity in Patients With Heart Failure (AID-HEART)

    Status changed to Completed · ClinicalTrials.gov · via anakinra

  2. New publication2024-01-04
    A randomized controlled pilot trial of anakinra and pioglitazone for protein metabolism in patients on maintenance haemodialysis.

    Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2024 · 5 citations · Europe PMC · via anakinra

  3. New publication2021-01-22
    Effect of anakinra versus usual care in adults in hospital with COVID-19 and mild-to-moderate pneumonia (CORIMUNO-ANA-1): a randomised controlled trial.

    The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2021 · 222 citations · Europe PMC · via anakinra

  4. New publication2014-08-18
    Early efficacy trial of anakinra in corticosteroid-resistant autoimmune inner ear disease.

    The Journal of clinical investigation · 2014 · 52 citations · Europe PMC · via anakinra

  5. New publication2013-02-27
    Effects of interleukin-1 blockade with anakinra on adverse cardiac remodeling and heart failure after acute myocardial infarction [from the Virginia Commonwealth University-Anakinra Remodeling Trial (2) (VCU-ART2) pilot study].

    The American journal of cardiology · 2013 · 322 citations · Europe PMC · via anakinra

  6. Regulatory approval2002-03-08

    Approval: Kineret (EMA)

    ema · regulatory · ema · via anakinra

Objective event titles are shown unmodified; the event kind and significance line are derived from structured fields. Forefront AttentionEvent stream aggregating Europe PMC Regulatory filings ClinicalTrials.gov.

Research activity

1 papers · to 2024

Papers linked directly to this protein. This is the protein's own literature — descriptor-derived papers are kept separate below.

Most cited

Recent

Europe PMC papers linked directly to this protein.