Protein / target
Bone morphogenetic protein 2
Protein at a glance
Biological role
Phosphatase activator
Strongest disease association
Glaucoma
Research activity
Emerging research
Derived from structured UniProt, Open Targets and literature data on this page.
Protein profile
Canonical identity and biological annotation from UniProt.
Function overview
Growth factor of the TGF-beta superfamily that plays essential roles in many developmental processes, including cardiogenesis, neurogenesis, and osteogenesis.
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Growth factor of the TGF-beta superfamily that plays essential roles in many developmental processes, including cardiogenesis, neurogenesis, and osteogenesis (PubMed:18436533, PubMed:24362451, PubMed:31019025). Induces cartilage and bone formation (PubMed:3201241). Initiates the canonical BMP signaling cascade by associating with type I receptor BMPR1A and type II receptor BMPR2 (PubMed:15064755, PubMed:17295905, PubMed:18436533). Once all three components are bound together in a complex at the cell surface, BMPR2 phosphorylates and activates BMPR1A (PubMed:7791754). In turn, BMPR1A propagates signal by phosphorylating SMAD1/5/8 that travel to the nucleus and act as activators and repressors of transcription of target genes. Also acts to promote expression of HAMP, via the interaction with its receptor BMPR1A/ALK3 (PubMed:31800957). Can also signal through non-canonical pathways such as ERK/MAP kinase signaling cascade that regulates osteoblast differentiation (PubMed:16771708, PubMed:20851880). Also stimulates the differentiation of myoblasts into osteoblasts via the EIF2AK3-EIF2A-ATF4 pathway by stimulating EIF2A phosphorylation which leads to increased expression of ATF4 which plays a central role in osteoblast differentiation (PubMed:24362451). Acts as a positive regulator of odontoblast differentiation during mesenchymal tooth germ formation, expression is repressed during the bell stage by MSX1-mediated inhibition of CTNNB1 signaling (By similarity)
Subcellular location
Domains and Gene Ontology detail (100)Hide
Gene Ontology
- CBMP receptor complex
- Ccell surface
- Cextracellular region
- Cextracellular space
- Cprotein-containing complex
- FBMP receptor binding
- Fco-receptor binding
- Fcytokine activity
- Fgrowth factor activity
- Fphosphatase activator activity
- Fsignaling receptor binding
- Panimal organ morphogenesis
Biological roles
What this protein does, drawn together from its UniProt function, Gene Ontology terms and Reactome pathways.
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Cell proliferation & survival
- ·negative regulation of cell population proliferation
- ·positive regulation of cell population proliferation
Growth-factor signalling
- ·negative regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway
Cell migration
- ·positive regulation of cell migration
Transcriptional regulation
- ·Growth factor of the TGF-beta superfamily that plays essential roles in many development…
- ·gene expression
- ·negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription
- ·negative regulation of gene expression
Immune signalling
- ·cytokine activity
- ·inflammatory response
- ·negative regulation of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion
- ·negative regulation of fat cell differentiation
Cell adhesion
- ·negative regulation of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion
- ·positive regulation of extracellular matrix constituent secretion
Concepts derived from UniProt GO Reactome — each badge above shows which sources supported that role.
Translational evidence
Why this target matters therapeutically, strongest evidence first. Disease associations are gene-level (via the gene that encodes this protein) and open into the full confidence synthesis; the development universe, tractability and safety annotations are target-level, from Open Targets.
Strongest disease associations · via encoding gene BMP2
Gene-level evidence surfaced through the gene BMP2 that encodes this protein — not a direct protein–disease relationship. Ranked by Forefront's causal-directness weighting, so genetically- and clinically-evidenced diseases lead over ones that merely share the literature.
View evidence synthesis (3)Hide
The evidence agreement range shows how closely the independent evidence families agree — it is not a statistical confidence interval, and nothing here is fitted to outcome data. Derived from Open Targets evidence types under Forefront weighting; the per-type scores above show the calculation.
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Tractability
Small molecules — Emerging
Antibodies — Emerging
Protein degraders — Emerging
View underlying tractability evidence (5)Hide
Raw Open Targets tractability assessment buckets, by modality.
Research activity
Papers linked directly to this protein. This is the protein's own literature — descriptor-derived papers are kept separate below.
Most cited
Recent
Europe PMC papers linked directly to this protein.
Related family literature
Papers about “Bone Morphogenetic Proteins” — a broader family this protein belongs to. Shown as context; not counted as papers specifically about this protein.
via Bone Morphogenetic Proteins
via Bone Morphogenetic Proteins
Europe PMC literature, reached through curated HGNC family membership. Membership is a taxonomic relationship — it does not imply this protein participates in every mechanism these papers discuss.