Protein / target

Cytochrome P450 2C19

Encoded byCYP2C19P33261Homo sapiensSwiss-Prot

UniProt: P33261 Ensembl: ENSG00000165841 HGNC: HGNC:2621 NCBI Gene: 1557

Small-molecule tractable

Druggability

Structure with Ligand

Research papers

Protein at a glance

Biological role

Long-chain fatty acid omega-1 hydroxylase

Strongest disease association

Acute Coronary Syndrome

Via encoding gene CYP2C19 · Genetic evidence · score 0.68

Research activity

Emerging research

1 papers · latest 2019

Derived from structured UniProt, Open Targets and literature data on this page.

Protein profile

UniProt 2026_02

Canonical identity and biological annotation from UniProt.

Function overview

A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA).

View complete UniProt function annotation

A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:18577768, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase) (PubMed:18577768, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Hydroxylates PUFA specifically at the omega-1 position (PubMed:18577768). Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of PUFA (PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997). Also metabolizes plant monoterpenes such as limonene. Oxygenates (R)- and (S)-limonene to produce carveol and perillyl alcohol (PubMed:11950794). Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and imipramine. Hydroxylates fenbendazole at the 4' position (PubMed:23959307)

Subcellular location

Endoplasmic reticulum membraneMicrosome membrane

Domains and Gene Ontology detail (22)

Gene Ontology

Ccytoplasm
Cendoplasmic reticulum membrane
Cintracellular membrane-bounded organelle
F(R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase activity
F(S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase activity
F(S)-limonene 7-monooxygenase activity
Fenzyme binding
Fheme binding
Firon ion binding
Flong-chain fatty acid omega-1 hydroxylase activity
Fmonooxygenase activity
Foxidoreductase activity

490 aa · 56 kDa

Biological roles

What this protein does, drawn together from its UniProt function, Gene Ontology terms and Reactome pathways.

Lipid & lipoprotein metabolismUniProt · GO

View supporting evidence

Lipid & lipoprotein metabolism

·A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acid…
·long-chain fatty acid omega-1 hydroxylase activity
·long-chain fatty acid metabolic process

Concepts derived from UniProt GO Reactome — each badge above shows which sources supported that role.

Translational evidence

Open Targets 26

Why this target matters therapeutically, strongest evidence first. Disease associations are gene-level (via the gene that encodes this protein) and open into the full confidence synthesis; the development universe, tractability and safety annotations are target-level, from Open Targets.

Strongest disease associations · via encoding gene CYP2C19

Gene-level evidence surfaced through the gene CYP2C19 that encodes this protein — not a direct protein–disease relationship. Ranked by Forefront's causal-directness weighting, so genetically- and clinically-evidenced diseases lead over ones that merely share the literature.

Acute Coronary Syndrome

0.70Moderately supported

Genetic evidence dominant · Open Targets 0.43

Rheumatic Diseases

0.43Limited support

Genetic evidence dominant · Open Targets 0.26

Ovarian neoplasm

0.39Limited support

Genetic evidence dominant · Open Targets 0.24

Coronary Artery Disease

0.14Preliminary

Literature evidence dominant · Open Targets 0.11 · no direct causal or clinical evidence

Stroke

0.14Preliminary

Literature evidence dominant · Open Targets 0.11 · no direct causal or clinical evidence

View evidence synthesis (5)

Acute Coronary SyndromeModerately supported

0.70

agreement 0.56–0.84

Genetic93%Literature7%

Open Targets aggregate 0.43 · 2 independent evidence families

Rheumatic DiseasesLimited support

0.43

agreement 0.29–0.57

Genetic99%Literature1%

Open Targets aggregate 0.26 · 2 independent evidence families

Ovarian neoplasmLimited support

0.39

agreement 0.27–0.51

Genetic100%

Open Targets aggregate 0.24 · 1 independent evidence family

Coronary Artery DiseasePreliminary

0.14

agreement 0.00–0.41

Literature100%

Open Targets aggregate 0.11 · 1 independent evidence family · no direct causal or clinical evidence

StrokePreliminary

0.14

agreement 0.00–0.41

Literature100%

Open Targets aggregate 0.11 · 1 independent evidence family · no direct causal or clinical evidence

The evidence agreement range shows how closely the independent evidence families agree — it is not a statistical confidence interval, and nothing here is fitted to outcome data. Derived from Open Targets evidence types under Forefront weighting; the per-type scores above show the calculation.

Show all associations

Acute Coronary Syndrome0.43

Rheumatic Diseases0.26

Ovarian neoplasm0.24

Coronary Artery Disease0.11

Stroke0.11

Tractability

Small molecules — Emerging

Feasibility evidence (structure with ligand and high-quality ligand) — no clinical-stage drug of this modality recorded.

Antibodies — Emerging

Feasibility evidence (go cc high conf and uniprot loc med conf) — no clinical-stage drug of this modality recorded.

Protein degraders — Emerging

Feasibility evidence (small molecule binder) — no clinical-stage drug of this modality recorded.

View underlying tractability evidence (6)

SM · Structure with LigandSM · High-Quality LigandSM · Druggable FamilyAB · GO CC high confAB · UniProt loc med confPR · Small Molecule Binder

Raw Open Targets tractability assessment buckets, by modality.

Safety-related annotations

leukopeniaClinPGxhemorrhageClinPGxhypertensionClinPGxagitation and dysphoriaClinPGxbleeding eventsClinPGxbecoming overweightClinPGxside effects or intoleranceClinPGxdrug toxicityClinPGxregulation of transcription factor activityToxCastneutropeniaClinPGxnot studiedClinPGxdrug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS)ClinPGx

Terms indexed against this target in Open Targets' safety data, with their datasource. These are annotations, not causal claims: the direction of effect (whether activation or inhibition is implicated), species and evidence strength are not captured here, so an entry does not mean that modulating this target is known to cause that condition.

Research activity

1 papers · to 2019

Papers linked directly to this protein. This is the protein's own literature — descriptor-derived papers are kept separate below.

Most cited

A Genotype-Guided Strategy for Oral P2Y<sub>12</sub> Inhibitors in Primary PCI.462 cites

Claassens DMF · The New England journal of medicine · 2019

Recent

A Genotype-Guided Strategy for Oral P2Y<sub>12</sub> Inhibitors in Primary PCI.

Claassens DMF · The New England journal of medicine · 2019

Europe PMC papers linked directly to this protein.