Protein / target

Intercellular adhesion molecule 1

Encoded byICAM1P05362Homo sapiensSwiss-Prot

UniProt: P05362 Ensembl: ENSG00000090339 HGNC: HGNC:5344 NCBI Gene: 3383

Clinical-stage

Therapeutic maturity

Clinical candidates

Small-molecule tractable

Druggability

High-Quality Ligand

Research papers

Protein at a glance

Biological role

Transmembrane signaling receptor

Strongest disease association

Atrial Fibrillation

Via encoding gene ICAM1 · Genetic evidence · score 0.64

Therapeutic position

Clinically advancing target

Antibodies

Research activity

Emerging research

4 papers · latest 2024

Derived from structured UniProt, Open Targets and literature data on this page.

Protein profile

UniProt 2026_02

Canonical identity and biological annotation from UniProt.

Function overview

View complete UniProt function annotation

Cell adhesion molecule that functions as a receptor ligand of the signaling receptor ITGAL:ITGB2/LFA-1 (lymphocyte-function associated (LFA) molecule 1) ensuring leukocyte cell-cell adhesion, by providing a calibrated system to namely adjust T-cell killing to the antigen stimulation strength (PubMed:3086451, PubMed:3340213, PubMed:38195629). Also functions as a ligand receptor of the signaling receptor ITGAM:ITGB2/MAC-1 ensuring adhesion between stimulated neutrophils and stimulated endothelial cells (PubMed:1980124). During leukocyte trans-endothelial migration, ICAM1 engagement promotes the assembly of endothelial apical cups through ARHGEF26/SGEF and RHOG activation (PubMed:17875742). Promotes cell aggregation in epithelial cells through interaction with MUC1 (PubMed:11173916)

Subcellular location

Cell membrane

Domains and Gene Ontology detail (37)

Domains & features

Ig-like C2-type 1Ig-like C2-type 2Ig-like C2-type 3Ig-like C2-type 4Ig-like C2-type 5

Gene Ontology

Ccell surface
Cexternal side of plasma membrane
Cextracellular exosome
Cextracellular matrix
Cextracellular space
Cfocal adhesion
Cimmunological synapse
Cmembrane
Cmembrane raft
Cplasma membrane
Fintegrin binding
Freceptor ligand activity

532 aa · 58 kDa

Biological roles

What this protein does, drawn together from its UniProt function, Gene Ontology terms and Reactome pathways.

Cell adhesionUniProt · GOImmune signallingUniProt · GO

View supporting evidence

Cell adhesion

·Cell adhesion molecule that functions as a receptor ligand of the signaling receptor ITG…
·extracellular matrix
·cell adhesion
·cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin

Immune signalling

·Cell adhesion molecule that functions as a receptor ligand of the signaling receptor ITG…
·T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on anti…

Concepts derived from UniProt GO Reactome — each badge above shows which sources supported that role.

Translational evidence

Open Targets 26

Why this target matters therapeutically, strongest evidence first. Disease associations are gene-level (via the gene that encodes this protein) and open into the full confidence synthesis; the development universe, tractability and safety annotations are target-level, from Open Targets.

Strongest disease associations · via encoding gene ICAM1

Gene-level evidence surfaced through the gene ICAM1that encodes this protein — not a direct protein–disease relationship. Ranked by Forefront's causal-directness weighting, so genetically- and clinically-evidenced diseases lead over ones that merely share the literature.

Atrial Fibrillation

0.68Moderately supported

Genetic evidence dominant · Open Targets 0.41

Vascular Diseases

0.57Moderately supported

Genetic evidence dominant · Open Targets 0.34

Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive

0.54Moderately supported

Genetic evidence dominant · Open Targets 0.32

Arrhythmias, Cardiac

0.50Limited support

Genetic evidence dominant · Open Targets 0.30

Atrial Flutter

0.49Limited support

Genetic evidence dominant · Open Targets 0.30

View evidence synthesis (5)

Atrial FibrillationModerately supported

0.68

agreement 0.54–0.81

Genetic87%Literature13%

Open Targets aggregate 0.41 · 2 independent evidence families

Vascular DiseasesModerately supported

0.57

agreement 0.43–0.70

Genetic96%Literature4%

Open Targets aggregate 0.34 · 2 independent evidence families

Pulmonary Disease, Chronic ObstructiveModerately supported

0.54

agreement 0.40–0.67

Genetic86%Literature14%

Open Targets aggregate 0.32 · 2 independent evidence families

Arrhythmias, CardiacLimited support

0.50

agreement 0.36–0.64

Genetic99%Literature1%

Open Targets aggregate 0.30 · 2 independent evidence families

Atrial FlutterLimited support

0.49

agreement 0.37–0.61

Genetic100%

Open Targets aggregate 0.30 · 1 independent evidence family

The evidence agreement range shows how closely the independent evidence families agree — it is not a statistical confidence interval, and nothing here is fitted to outcome data. Derived from Open Targets evidence types under Forefront weighting; the per-type scores above show the calculation.

Show all associations

Neurodegenerative Diseases0.53

Atrial Fibrillation0.41

Vascular Diseases0.34

Crohn's Disease0.34

Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive0.32

Arrhythmias, Cardiac0.30

Atrial Flutter0.30

Pouchitis0.26

Drug development

3 compounds recorded · 2 in clinical development · 1 earlier-stage

Open Targets' development universe — every compound recorded against the target at any stage, not all approved medicines.

View all recorded compounds (3)

BI-505Phase 2

ENLIMOMAB PEGOLInd

ALICAFORSENPhase 3

Open Targets known-drugs universe. Drug name and highest clinical stage only — the disease relationship is NOT read from this slice (it carries trial-context noise); approved indications come from the canonical graph above.

Tractability

Small molecules — Emerging

Feasibility evidence (high-quality ligand and druggable family) — no clinical-stage drug of this modality recorded.

Antibodies — Strong

Advanced Clinical and GO CC high conf support this modality.

Protein degraders — Emerging

Feasibility evidence (uniprot ubiquitination and database ubiquitination) — no clinical-stage drug of this modality recorded.

View underlying tractability evidence (10)

SM · High-Quality LigandSM · Druggable FamilyAB · Advanced ClinicalAB · GO CC high confAB · UniProt SigP or TMHMMAB · Human Protein Atlas locPR · UniProt UbiquitinationPR · Database UbiquitinationPR · Half-life DataPR · Small Molecule Binder

Raw Open Targets tractability assessment buckets, by modality.

Safety-related annotations

regulation of gene expressionToxCastregulation of transcription factor activityToxCast

Terms indexed against this target in Open Targets' safety data, with their datasource. These are annotations, not causal claims: the direction of effect (whether activation or inhibition is implicated), species and evidence strength are not captured here, so an entry does not mean that modulating this target is known to cause that condition.