Protein / target
Prothrombin
Protein at a glance
Biological role
Serine-type endopeptidase
Strongest disease association
Congenital prothrombin deficiency
Therapeutic position
Established drug target
Derived from structured UniProt, Open Targets and literature data on this page.
Protein profile
Canonical identity and biological annotation from UniProt.
Function overview
Thrombin, which cleaves bonds after Arg and Lys, converts fibrinogen to fibrin and activates factors V, VII, VIII, XIII, and, in complex with thrombomodulin, protein C.
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Thrombin, which cleaves bonds after Arg and Lys, converts fibrinogen to fibrin and activates factors V, VII, VIII, XIII, and, in complex with thrombomodulin, protein C. Functions in blood homeostasis, inflammation and wound healing. Activates coagulation factor XI (F11); activation is promoted by the contact with negatively charged surfaces (PubMed:2019570, PubMed:21976677). Triggers the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as MCP-1/CCL2 and IL8/CXCL8, in endothelial cells (PubMed:30568593, PubMed:9780208)
Subcellular location
Domains and Gene Ontology detail (46)Hide
Domains & features
Gene Ontology
- Cblood microparticle
- Cendoplasmic reticulum lumen
- Cextracellular exosome
- Cextracellular matrix
- Cextracellular region
- Cextracellular space
- CGolgi lumen
- Cplasma membrane
- Fcalcium ion binding
- Fgrowth factor activity
- Fheparin binding
- Flipopolysaccharide binding
Biological roles
What this protein does, drawn together from its UniProt function, Gene Ontology terms and Reactome pathways.
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Haemostasis
- ·Thrombin, which cleaves bonds after Arg and Lys, converts fibrinogen to fibrin and activ…
- ·blood coagulation
- ·fibrinolysis
- ·negative regulation of blood coagulation
Immune signalling
- ·Thrombin, which cleaves bonds after Arg and Lys, converts fibrinogen to fibrin and activ…
- ·antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide
- ·cytolysis by host of symbiont cells
- ·negative regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response
Proteolysis
- ·serine-type endopeptidase activity
- ·negative regulation of proteolysis
- ·proteolysis
View underlying pathways (17)Hide underlying pathways
Concepts derived from UniProt GO Reactome — each badge above shows which sources supported that role.
Interaction neighbourhood
Proteins with the strongest functional or physical association. Node size and line weight reflect STRING confidence; hover or select a partner to inspect one association.
Functional and physical associations from STRING v12.0. Only associations with this protein are drawn — partner-to-partner links are not part of this evidence.
Approved medicines with mapped indications
Approved therapies targeting this protein, grouped by what they are approved to treat — the disease-first view of the medicines below. Relationships come from the canonical approved-indication graph (ChEMBL phase-4), the same source as the drug cards.
11 medicines meet Open Targets' target-level approved-medicine definition; the 1 shown here are those on this page with a canonical approved disease indication in the graph. Approved indications from ChEMBL (phase-4), via the canonical drug→disease graph.
Drugs targeting this protein
How approved and investigational drugs engage this protein — mechanism and action type, direct vs complex targeting, and how broadly each acts across other targets. A drug-first view (the section above groups the approved ones disease-first); direct binders with few recorded targets are listed first.
Thrombin inhibitor
Thrombin inhibitor
Indicated for Acute Coronary Syndrome, Angina, Unstable, Syndrome, Thrombocytopenia
Thrombin antagonist
ChEMBL mechanism, action type, target identity and approved indications. Open Targets clinical status.
Translational evidence
Why this target matters therapeutically, strongest evidence first. Disease associations are gene-level (via the gene that encodes this protein) and open into the full confidence synthesis; the development universe, tractability and safety annotations are target-level, from Open Targets.
Strongest disease associations · via encoding gene F2
Gene-level evidence surfaced through the gene F2 that encodes this protein — not a direct protein–disease relationship. Ranked by Forefront's causal-directness weighting, so genetically- and clinically-evidenced diseases lead over ones that merely share the literature.
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This ranking differs from Open Targets' own: re-weighting moves genetically-evidenced diseases above more heavily co-mentioned ones. The evidence agreement range shows how closely the independent evidence families agree — it is not a statistical confidence interval, and nothing here is fitted to outcome data. Derived from Open Targets evidence types under Forefront weighting; the per-type scores above show the calculation.
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Drug development
14 compounds recorded · 11 approved · 3 in clinical development
View all recorded compounds (10)Hide
Open Targets known-drugs universe. Drug name and highest clinical stage only — the disease relationship is NOT read from this slice (it carries trial-context noise); approved indications come from the canonical graph above.
Tractability
Small molecules — Strong
Antibodies — Strong
Protein degraders — Emerging
Other modalities — Strong
View underlying tractability evidence (12)Hide
Raw Open Targets tractability assessment buckets, by modality.
Safety-related annotations
Terms indexed against this target in Open Targets' safety data, with their datasource. These are annotations, not causal claims: the direction of effect (whether activation or inhibition is implicated), species and evidence strength are not captured here, so an entry does not mean that modulating this target is known to cause that condition.
Clinical trials
Trials of drugs that target this protein — reached indirectly through those drugs, so a trial listed here studies the drug, not the protein. Ranked by active status, then clinical phase and recency, and spread across the targeting drugs.
View all trials (26)Hide
ClinicalTrials.gov via the drug-target graph.
What's happening now
Recent therapeutic activity around this target — regulatory actions, clinical trials and safety signals for 3 drugs that target this protein, plus publications where such a drug is a genuine subject. Every item is reached indirectly through the drug, not the protein itself; incidental mentions (a paper that merely measures a drug) and press items are excluded.
- New publication2021 European Heart Rhythm Association Practical Guide on the Use of Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation.
- Safety communication
Drug Safety Update: Bivalirudin: risks associated with incorrect dose
- Safety communication
Drug Safety Update: Dabigatran (Pradaxa): contraindicated in patients with prosthetic heart valve(s) requiring anti-coagulant treatment
- Safety communication
Drug Safety Update: Dabigatran (Pradaxa▼): risk of serious haemorrhage
- Regulatory approval
Approval: Defitelio (EMA)
- New publicationMulti-institutional use of defibrotide in 88 patients after stem cell transplantation with severe veno-occlusive disease and multisystem organ failure: response without significant toxicity in a high-risk population and factors predictive of outcome.
Objective event titles are shown unmodified; the event kind and significance line are derived from structured fields. Forefront AttentionEvent stream aggregating Europe PMC Regulatory filings ClinicalTrials.gov.
Related family literature
Papers about “Serine Proteases” — a broader family this protein belongs to. Shown as context; not counted as papers specifically about this protein.
Europe PMC literature, reached through curated HGNC family membership. Membership is a taxonomic relationship — it does not imply this protein participates in every mechanism these papers discuss.