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Protein / target

Serine/threonine-protein kinase D1

Encoded byPRKD1Q15139Homo sapiensSwiss-Prot
Clinically validated
Therapeutic maturity
1
Approved medicines
Open Targets target-level
View by indication →
30
Clinical trials
Small-molecule tractable
Druggability
Approved Drug

Protein at a glance

Biological role

Diacylglycerol-dependent serine/threonine kinase

Strongest disease association

Atrial Fibrillation

Via encoding gene PRKD1 · Genetic evidence · score 0.78

Therapeutic position

Established drug target

Small molecules

Derived from structured UniProt, Open Targets and literature data on this page.

Protein profile

UniProt 2026_02

Canonical identity and biological annotation from UniProt.

Function overview

Serine/threonine-protein kinase that converts transient diacylglycerol (DAG) signals into prolonged physiological effects downstream of PKC, and is involved in the regulation of MAPK8/JNK1 and Ras signaling, Golgi membrane integrity and trafficking, cell survival through NF-kappa-B activation, cell…

View complete UniProt function annotation

Serine/threonine-protein kinase that converts transient diacylglycerol (DAG) signals into prolonged physiological effects downstream of PKC, and is involved in the regulation of MAPK8/JNK1 and Ras signaling, Golgi membrane integrity and trafficking, cell survival through NF-kappa-B activation, cell migration, cell differentiation by mediating HDAC7 nuclear export, cell proliferation via MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2) signaling, and plays a role in cardiac hypertrophy, VEGFA-induced angiogenesis, genotoxic-induced apoptosis and flagellin-stimulated inflammatory response (PubMed:10764790, PubMed:12505989, PubMed:12637538, PubMed:17442957, PubMed:18509061, PubMed:19135240, PubMed:19211839). Phosphorylates the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on dual threonine residues, which leads to the suppression of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced MAPK8/JNK1 activation and subsequent JUN phosphorylation (PubMed:10523301). Phosphorylates RIN1, inducing RIN1 binding to 14-3-3 proteins YWHAB, YWHAE and YWHAZ and increased competition with RAF1 for binding to GTP-bound form of Ras proteins (NRAS, HRAS and KRAS). Acts downstream of the heterotrimeric G protein beta/gamma-subunit complex to maintain the structural integrity of the Golgi membranes, and is required for protein transport along the secretory pathway. In the trans-Golgi network (TGN), regulates the fission of transport vesicles that are on their way to the plasma membrane. May act by activating the lipid kinase phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase beta (PI4KB) at the TGN for the local synthesis of phosphorylated inositol lipids, which induces a sequential production of DAG, phosphatidic acid (PA) and lyso-PA (LPA) that are necessary for membrane fission and generation of specific transport carriers to the cell surface. Under oxidative stress, is phosphorylated at Tyr-463 via SRC-ABL1 and contributes to cell survival by activating IKK complex and subsequent nuclear translocation and activation of NFKB1 (PubMed:12505989). Involved in cell migration by regulating integrin alpha-5/beta-3 recycling and promoting its recruitment in newly forming focal adhesion. In osteoblast differentiation, mediates the bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2)-induced nuclear export of HDAC7, which results in the inhibition of HDAC7 transcriptional repression of RUNX2 (PubMed:18509061). In neurons, plays an important role in neuronal polarity by regulating the biogenesis of TGN-derived dendritic vesicles, and is involved in the maintenance of dendritic arborization and Golgi structure in hippocampal cells. May potentiate mitogenesis induced by the neuropeptide bombesin or vasopressin by mediating an increase in the duration of MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2) signaling, which leads to accumulation of immediate-early gene products including FOS that stimulate cell cycle progression. Plays an important role in the proliferative response induced by low calcium in keratinocytes, through sustained activation of MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2) pathway. Downstream of novel PKC signaling, plays a role in cardiac hypertrophy by phosphorylating HDAC5, which in turn triggers XPO1/CRM1-dependent nuclear export of HDAC5, MEF2A transcriptional activation and induction of downstream target genes that promote myocyte hypertrophy and pathological cardiac remodeling (PubMed:18332134). Mediates cardiac troponin I (TNNI3) phosphorylation at the PKA sites, which results in reduced myofilament calcium sensitivity, and accelerated crossbridge cycling kinetics. The PRKD1-HDAC5 pathway is also involved in angiogenesis by mediating VEGFA-induced specific subset of gene expression, cell migration, and tube formation (PubMed:19211839). In response to VEGFA, is necessary and required for HDAC7 phosphorylation which induces HDAC7 nuclear export and endothelial cell proliferation and migration. During apoptosis induced by cytarabine and other genotoxic agents, PRKD1 is cleaved by caspase-3 at Asp-378, resulting in activation of its kinase function and increased sensitivity of cells to the cytotoxic effects of genotoxic agents (PubMed:10764790). In epithelial cells, is required for transducing flagellin-stimulated inflammatory responses by binding and phosphorylating TLR5, which contributes to MAPK14/p38 activation and production of inflammatory cytokines (PubMed:17442957). Acts as an activator of NLRP3 inflammasome assembly by mediating phosphorylation of NLRP3 (By similarity). May play a role in inflammatory response by mediating activation of NF-kappa-B. May be involved in pain transmission by directly modulating TRPV1 receptor (PubMed:15471852). Plays a role in activated KRAS-mediated stabilization of ZNF304 in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells (PubMed:24623306). Regulates nuclear translocation of transcription factor TFEB in macrophages upon live S.enterica infection (By similarity). Acts as a regulator of social behavior by mediating phosphorylation of OXTR, enhancing G(q)-dependent G protein-coupled receptor signaling (PubMed:35104164)

Subcellular location

CytoplasmCell membraneGolgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network
Domains and Gene Ontology detail (70)

Domains & features

PHProtein kinase

Gene Ontology

  • Cautophagosome membrane
  • Ccell cortex
  • Ccell-cell junction
  • Ccytosol
  • CGolgi apparatus
  • Cnucleus
  • Cperinuclear region of cytoplasm
  • Cplasma membrane
  • Ctrans-Golgi network
  • CZ disc
  • FATP binding
  • Fdiacylglycerol-dependent serine/threonine kinase activity

912 aa · 102 kDa

Biological roles

What this protein does, drawn together from its UniProt function, Gene Ontology terms and Reactome pathways.

Cell migrationUniProt · GOGrowth-factor signallingUniProt · GOCell proliferation & survivalUniProtKinase signallingUniProt · GOImmune signallingUniProt · GOTranscriptional regulationUniProt · GO
View supporting evidence

Cell migration

  • ·Serine/threonine-protein kinase that converts transient diacylglycerol (DAG) signals int…
  • ·positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
  • ·positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis
  • ·positive regulation of endothelial cell migration

Growth-factor signalling

  • ·Serine/threonine-protein kinase that converts transient diacylglycerol (DAG) signals int…
  • ·vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Cell proliferation & survival

  • ·Serine/threonine-protein kinase that converts transient diacylglycerol (DAG) signals int…

Kinase signalling

  • ·Serine/threonine-protein kinase that converts transient diacylglycerol (DAG) signals int…
  • ·diacylglycerol-dependent serine/threonine kinase activity
  • ·diacylglycerol-dependent, calcium-independent serine/threonine kinase activity
  • ·kinase activity

Immune signalling

  • ·Serine/threonine-protein kinase that converts transient diacylglycerol (DAG) signals int…
  • ·inflammatory response
  • ·innate immune response

Transcriptional regulation

  • ·Serine/threonine-protein kinase that converts transient diacylglycerol (DAG) signals int…
  • ·positive regulation of gene expression
  • ·positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II

Concepts derived from UniProt GO Reactome — each badge above shows which sources supported that role.

Approved medicines with mapped indications

1 medicine · 4 areas

Approved therapies targeting this protein, grouped by what they are approved to treat — the disease-first view of the medicines below. Relationships come from the canonical approved-indication graph (ChEMBL phase-4), the same source as the drug cards.

Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute1 medicine
Mastocytosis1 medicine
Mastocytosis, Systemic1 medicine
Broader indication categories (1)
Neoplasms1 medicine

Broad umbrella indications (e.g. “Neoplasms”). Shown here because every medicine also appears under a more specific disease above — kept for completeness, de-emphasised for clarity.

Approved indications from ChEMBL (phase-4), via the canonical drug→disease graph.

Drugs targeting this protein

1

How approved and investigational drugs engage this protein — mechanism and action type, direct vs complex targeting, and how broadly each acts across other targets. A drug-first view (the section above groups the approved ones disease-first); direct binders with few recorded targets are listed first.

midostaurin
ApprovedInhibitor

Protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor

Indicated for Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, Mastocytosis, Mastocytosis, Systemic, Neoplasms

Acts on a complex — shared with PRKD3, PRKCI, PRKCA +7 more · 1 of 16 recorded protein targets — broad pharmacology

ChEMBL mechanism, action type, target identity and approved indications. Open Targets clinical status.

Translational evidence

Open Targets 26

Why this target matters therapeutically, strongest evidence first. Disease associations are gene-level (via the gene that encodes this protein) and open into the full confidence synthesis; the development universe, tractability and safety annotations are target-level, from Open Targets.

Strongest disease associations · via encoding gene PRKD1

Gene-level evidence surfaced through the gene PRKD1that encodes this protein — not a direct protein–disease relationship. Ranked by Forefront's causal-directness weighting, so genetically- and clinically-evidenced diseases lead over ones that merely share the literature.

Atrial Fibrillation
0.79Well supported

Genetic evidence dominant · Open Targets 0.48

Schizophrenia
0.75Moderately supported

Genetic evidence dominant · Open Targets 0.45

Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
0.73Moderately supported

Clinical evidence dominant · Open Targets 0.59

Intelligence
0.71Moderately supported

Genetic evidence dominant · Open Targets 0.43

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
0.69Moderately supported

Genetic evidence dominant · Open Targets 0.42

View evidence synthesis (5)
Atrial FibrillationWell supported
0.79
agreement 0.650.92
Genetic98%Literature2%

Open Targets aggregate 0.48 · 2 independent evidence families

SchizophreniaModerately supported
0.75
agreement 0.610.89
Genetic99%Literature1%

Open Targets aggregate 0.45 · 2 independent evidence families

Leukemia, Myeloid, AcuteModerately supported
0.73
agreement 0.610.85
Clinical77%Somatic mutation23%Literature1%

Open Targets aggregate 0.59 · 3 independent evidence families

IntelligenceModerately supported
0.71
agreement 0.590.83
Genetic100%

Open Targets aggregate 0.43 · 1 independent evidence family

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Moderately supported
0.69
agreement 0.550.83
Genetic98%Literature3%

Open Targets aggregate 0.42 · 2 independent evidence families

This ranking differs from Open Targets' own: re-weighting moves genetically-evidenced diseases above more heavily co-mentioned ones. The evidence agreement range shows how closely the independent evidence families agree — it is not a statistical confidence interval, and nothing here is fitted to outcome data. Derived from Open Targets evidence types under Forefront weighting; the per-type scores above show the calculation.

Show all associations
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute0.59
Atrial Fibrillation0.48
Schizophrenia0.45
Neurodegenerative Diseases0.44
Intelligence0.43
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 20.42

Drug development

5 compounds recorded · 1 approved · 4 in clinical development

Open Targets' development universe — every compound recorded against the target at any stage, not all approved medicines. Distinct from the 1 drug that targets this protein in Forefront's canonical graph (1 with a mapped approved indication, shown above): these count different sets and are not a subset relation.

View all recorded compounds (5)
GSK-690693Phase 1
CEP-2563Phase 1
UCN-01Phase 2
SOTRASTAURINPhase 2
MIDOSTAURINApproval

Open Targets known-drugs universe. Drug name and highest clinical stage only — the disease relationship is NOT read from this slice (it carries trial-context noise); approved indications come from the canonical graph above.

Tractability

Small moleculesStrong

Approved Drug and High-Quality Ligand support this modality.

AntibodiesEmerging

Feasibility evidence (uniprot loc high conf and go cc high conf) — no clinical-stage drug of this modality recorded.

Protein degradersEmerging

Feasibility evidence (database ubiquitination and small molecule binder) — no clinical-stage drug of this modality recorded.

View underlying tractability evidence (8)
SM · Approved DrugSM · High-Quality LigandSM · Druggable FamilyAB · UniProt loc high confAB · GO CC high confAB · Human Protein Atlas locPR · Database UbiquitinationPR · Small Molecule Binder

Raw Open Targets tractability assessment buckets, by modality.

Clinical trials

30

Trials of drugs that target this protein — reached indirectly through those drugs, so a trial listed here studies the drug, not the protein. Ranked by active status, then clinical phase and recency, and spread across the targeting drugs.

View all trials (26)

ClinicalTrials.gov via the drug-target graph.

What's happening now

3

Recent therapeutic activity around this target — regulatory actions, clinical trials and safety signals for a drug that targets this protein, plus publications where such a drug is a genuine subject. Every item is reached indirectly through the drug, not the protein itself; incidental mentions (a paper that merely measures a drug) and press items are excluded.

  1. Regulatory approval2017-09-18

    Approval: Rydapt (EMA)

    ema · regulatory · ema · via midostaurin

  2. New publication2017-07-24
    Efficacy and safety of midostaurin in patients with advanced systemic mastocytosis: 10-year median follow-up of a phase II trial.

    Leukemia · 2018 · 109 citations · Europe PMC · via midostaurin

  3. New publication2016-06-01
    Efficacy and Safety of Midostaurin in Advanced Systemic Mastocytosis.

    The New England journal of medicine · 2016 · 371 citations · Europe PMC · via midostaurin

Objective event titles are shown unmodified; the event kind and significance line are derived from structured fields. Forefront AttentionEvent stream aggregating Europe PMC Regulatory filings ClinicalTrials.gov.