Protein / target
Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2
Protein at a glance
Biological role
Alpha-glucoside transmembrane transporter activity
Primary system
Renal system
Strongest disease association
Disorder of carbohydrate metabolism
Therapeutic maturity
Clinically validated target
Druggability
Small molecule
Clinical development
11 approved · 6 in clinical development
Derived from structured UniProt, Open Targets and literature data on this page.
Protein profile
Canonical identity and biological annotation from UniProt.
Function
Electrogenic Na(+)-coupled sugar symporter that actively transports D-glucose at the plasma membrane, with a Na(+) to sugar coupling ratio of 1:1 (PubMed:20980548, PubMed:28592437, PubMed:34880493, PubMed:37217492, PubMed:38057552). Transporter activity is driven by a transmembrane Na(+) electrochemical gradient set by the Na(+)/K(+) pump (PubMed:20980548, PubMed:28592437, PubMed:34880493). Unlike SLC5A1/SGLT1, requires the auxiliary protein PDZK1IP1/MAP17 for full transporter activity (PubMed:37217492). Has a primary role in D-glucose reabsorption from glomerular filtrate across the brush border of the early proximal tubules of the kidney (By similarity)
Subcellular location
Domains and Gene Ontology detail (15)Hide
Gene Ontology
- Capical plasma membrane
- Cextracellular exosome
- Cmembrane
- Cplasma membrane
- Falpha-glucoside transmembrane transporter activity
- FD-glucose transmembrane transporter activity
- FD-glucose:sodium symporter activity
- Flow-affinity D-glucose:sodium symporter activity
- Fmetal ion binding
- Palpha-glucoside transport
- Pcarbohydrate metabolic process
- PD-glucose import across plasma membrane
Biological roles
What this protein does, drawn together from its UniProt function, Gene Ontology terms and Reactome pathways.
View supporting evidenceHide supporting evidence
Metabolic enzyme activity
- ·carbohydrate metabolic process
View underlying pathways (2)Hide underlying pathways
Concepts derived from UniProt GO Reactome — each badge above shows which sources supported that role.
Interaction neighbourhood
Proteins with the strongest functional or physical association. Node size and line weight reflect STRING confidence; hover or select a partner to inspect one association.
Functional and physical associations from STRING v12.0. Only associations with this protein are drawn — partner-to-partner links are not part of this evidence.
Drugs targeting this protein
Whether each drug engages this protein directly or through a complex, and how many other targets are recorded for it. Direct binders with few recorded targets are listed first.
Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor
Appears in clinical studies involving type 2 diabetes mellitus, diabetes mellitus, type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus
Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor
Appears in clinical studies involving diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, Other metabolic disease
ChEMBL mechanism, action type and target identity. Open Targets clinical status and indications.
Translational evidence
Why this target matters therapeutically — disease associations, drugs in development, tractability and safety, from Open Targets.
Strongest genetic associations
Human genetic evidence — the most direct causal link between this target and a disease.
Highest-confidence therapeutic associations
Diseases where a drug acting on this target has already reached clinical development.
Highest overall evidence
Remaining associations by Open Targets' aggregated evidence score.
Show all associationsHide all associations
Open Targets ranks 1,448 associations for this target and we store the top 10 by aggregated score. The long tail is largely literature co-mention and RNA-expression evidence, not evidence that this target drives those diseases.
Known drugs · 17 total
type 2 diabetes mellitus · heart failure · type 2 diabetes mellitus
diabetes mellitus · type 2 diabetes mellitus · type 2 diabetes mellitus
type 2 diabetes mellitus · type 2 diabetes mellitus · metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis
type 2 diabetes mellitus
type 2 diabetes mellitus · diabetic kidney disease · cardiovascular disorder
diabetes mellitus · type 2 diabetes mellitus · type 2 diabetes mellitus
heart failure · type 2 diabetes mellitus · type 2 diabetes mellitus
type 2 diabetes mellitus · type 2 diabetes mellitus
type 2 diabetes mellitus · heart failure · atrial fibrillation
type 2 diabetes mellitus
Tractability
Clinical trials
Trials of drugs that target this protein — reached indirectly through those drugs, so a trial listed here studies the drug, not the protein.
Show remaining trials (24)Hide
ClinicalTrials.gov via the drug-target graph.
Forefront confidence
Our own weighting of the evidence behind each disease association. Human genetics and clinical evidence count for most; literature co-mention counts for little, because two entities sharing an abstract is not evidence that one drives the other.
This ranking differs from Open Targets' own: re-weighting moves genetically-evidenced diseases above more heavily co-mentioned ones. The evidence agreement range shows how closely the independent evidence families agree — it is not a statistical confidence interval, and nothing here is fitted to outcome data. Derived from Open Targets evidence types under Forefront weighting; the underlying per-type scores are shown above so the calculation can be checked.
What's happening now
Recent activity around this target, drawn from one canonical event stream. Every item is reached through 2 drugs that target this protein, so each event is news about that drug rather than about the protein directly.
- New publicationEffect of dapagliflozin on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: multicentre, double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial.
- New publicationGut Microbiota-Tryptophan Metabolism-GLP-1 Axis Participates in β-Cell Regeneration Induced by Dapagliflozin.
- New publicationCardiac and Metabolic Effects of Dapagliflozin in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: The CAMEO-DAPA Trial.
- Regulatory approval
Approval: Dapagliflozin Viatris (EMA)
- New publicationThe SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure: a multinational randomized trial.
- Safety communication
Drug Safety Update: Dapagliflozin (Forxiga): no longer authorised for treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus
- New publicationEmpagliflozin in Heart Failure with a Preserved Ejection Fraction.
- New publicationThe effects of liraglutide and dapagliflozin on cardiac function and structure in a multi-hit mouse model of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
- New publicationRandomized Trial of Empagliflozin in Nondiabetic Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction.
- New publicationDapagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.
- New publicationCardiovascular and Renal Outcomes with Empagliflozin in Heart Failure.
- New publicationEffects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists, Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors, and Their Combination on Endothelial Glycocalyx, Arterial Function, and Myocardial Work Index in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus After 12-Month Treatment.
Objective event titles are shown unmodified; the event kind and significance line are derived from structured fields. Forefront AttentionEvent stream aggregating Europe PMC Regulatory filings ClinicalTrials.gov.