Protein / target

Survival motor neuron protein

SMN1Q16637Homo sapiensSwiss-Prot
Clinically validated
Therapeutic maturity
1
Approved medicines
1
Clinical trials
Small-molecule tractable
Druggability
Structure with Ligand

Protein at a glance

Biological role

Identical protein binding

Primary system

Nervous system

Strongest disease association

spinal muscular atrophy, type III

Genetic evidence · score 0.93

Therapeutic maturity

Clinically validated target

1 approved medicine against this target

Druggability

Small molecule

Open Targets tractability · Structure with Ligand

Clinical development

1 approved

1 linked trials

Derived from structured UniProt, Open Targets and literature data on this page.

Protein profile

UniProt 2026_02

Canonical identity and biological annotation from UniProt.

Function

The SMN complex catalyzes the assembly of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), the building blocks of the spliceosome, and thereby plays an important role in the splicing of cellular pre-mRNAs (PubMed:18984161, PubMed:9845364). Most spliceosomal snRNPs contain a common set of Sm proteins SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG that assemble in a heptameric protein ring on the Sm site of the small nuclear RNA to form the core snRNP (Sm core) (PubMed:18984161). In the cytosol, the Sm proteins SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG are trapped in an inactive 6S pICln-Sm complex by the chaperone CLNS1A that controls the assembly of the core snRNP (PubMed:18984161). To assemble core snRNPs, the SMN complex accepts the trapped 5Sm proteins from CLNS1A forming an intermediate (PubMed:18984161). Within the SMN complex, SMN1 acts as a structural backbone and together with GEMIN2 it gathers the Sm complex subunits (PubMed:17178713, PubMed:21816274, PubMed:22101937). Binding of snRNA inside 5Sm ultimately triggers eviction of the SMN complex, thereby allowing binding of SNRPD3 and SNRPB to complete assembly of the core snRNP (PubMed:31799625). Ensures the correct splicing of U12 intron-containing genes that may be important for normal motor and proprioceptive neurons development (PubMed:23063131). Also required for resolving RNA-DNA hybrids created by RNA polymerase II, that form R-loop in transcription terminal regions, an important step in proper transcription termination (PubMed:26700805). May also play a role in the metabolism of small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNPs)

Subcellular location

Nucleus, gemNucleus, Cajal bodyCytoplasmCytoplasmic granulePerikaryonCell projection, neuron projectionCell projection, axonCytoplasm, myofibril, sarcomere, Z line
Domains and Gene Ontology detail (21)

Domains & features

Tudor

Gene Ontology

  • Caxon
  • CCajal body
  • Ccytoplasm
  • Ccytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule
  • Ccytosol
  • CGemini of Cajal bodies
  • Cneuron projection
  • Cnuclear body
  • Cnucleoplasm
  • Cnucleus
  • Cperikaryon
  • CSMN complex

294 aa · 32 kDa · 4 isoforms

Biological roles

Reactome v97

What this protein does, drawn together from its UniProt function, Gene Ontology terms and Reactome pathways.

Transcriptional regulationUniProt · GOMuscle contractionUniProt
View supporting evidence

Transcriptional regulation

  • ·The SMN complex catalyzes the assembly of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), the…
  • ·DNA-templated transcription termination

Muscle contraction

  • ·Cytoplasm, myofibril, sarcomere, Z line
View underlying pathways (2)

Concepts derived from UniProt GO Reactome — each badge above shows which sources supported that role.

Interaction neighbourhood

STRING v12.0

Proteins with the strongest functional or physical association. Node size and line weight reflect STRING confidence; hover or select a partner to inspect one association.

SNRPD1GEMIN2SNRPD2DDX20STRAPSNRPESNRPGSNRPFGEMIN4GEMIN7SMN1

10 strongest partners — larger node and heavier line mean higher confidence

Functional and physical associations from STRING v12.0. Only associations with this protein are drawn — partner-to-partner links are not part of this evidence.

Drugs targeting this protein

1

Whether each drug engages this protein directly or through a complex, and how many other targets are recorded for it. Direct binders with few recorded targets are listed first.

onasemnogene abeparvovec
Narrow target profileApprovedExogenous gene

Survival motor neuron protein exogenous gene

Appears in clinical studies involving spinal muscular atrophy, spinal muscular atrophy, proximal spinal muscular atrophy, spinal muscular atrophy, type 1

Direct interaction with this protein · Only this protein recorded as a target

ChEMBL mechanism, action type and target identity. Open Targets clinical status and indications.

Translational evidence

Open Targets 26

Why this target matters therapeutically — disease associations, drugs in development, tractability and safety, from Open Targets.

Strongest genetic associations

Human genetic evidence — the most direct causal link between this target and a disease.

spinal muscular atrophy, type III0.93

Genetic · overall 0.79

spinal muscular atrophy0.91

Genetic · overall 0.73

proximal spinal muscular atrophy0.91

Genetic literature · overall 0.63

Proximal spinal muscular atrophy type 30.90

Genetic · overall 0.81

spinal muscular atrophy, type II0.89

Genetic · overall 0.76

Highest-confidence therapeutic associations

Diseases where a drug acting on this target has already reached clinical development.

spinal muscular atrophy, type 10.06

Clinical · overall 0.79

Highest overall evidence

Remaining associations by Open Targets' aggregated evidence score.

Proximal spinal muscular atrophy type 20.74

Genetic

spinal muscular atrophy, type IV0.71

Genetic literature

Proximal spinal muscular atrophy type 40.68

Genetic literature

neurodegenerative disease0.54

Pathway

Show all associations
Proximal spinal muscular atrophy type 30.81
spinal muscular atrophy, type 10.79
spinal muscular atrophy, type III0.79
spinal muscular atrophy, type II0.76
Proximal spinal muscular atrophy type 20.74
spinal muscular atrophy0.73
spinal muscular atrophy, type IV0.71
Proximal spinal muscular atrophy type 40.68
proximal spinal muscular atrophy0.63
neurodegenerative disease0.54

Open Targets ranks 1,592 associations for this target and we store the top 10 by aggregated score. The long tail is largely literature co-mention and RNA-expression evidence, not evidence that this target drives those diseases.

Known drugs · 1 total

ONASEMNOGENE ABEPARVOVECApproval

spinal muscular atrophy · spinal muscular atrophy · proximal spinal muscular atrophy

Tractability

SM · Structure with LigandSM · High-Quality LigandSM · Druggable FamilyPR · UniProt UbiquitinationPR · Database UbiquitinationPR · Small Molecule BinderOC · Approved Drug

Clinical trials

1

Trials of drugs that target this protein — reached indirectly through those drugs, so a trial listed here studies the drug, not the protein.

ClinicalTrials.gov via the drug-target graph.

Forefront confidence

Synthesis

Our own weighting of the evidence behind each disease association. Human genetics and clinical evidence count for most; literature co-mention counts for little, because two entities sharing an abstract is not evidence that one drives the other.

spinal muscular atrophyWell supported
0.97
agreement 0.871.00
Genetic56%Clinical41%Literature3%Genetic literaturedup

Open Targets aggregate 0.73 · 3 independent evidence families · 1 not counted as duplicate

spinal muscular atrophy, type IIIWell supported
0.94
agreement 0.821.00
Genetic85%Animal model14%Literature1%Genetic literaturedup

Open Targets aggregate 0.79 · 3 independent evidence families · 1 not counted as duplicate

Proximal spinal muscular atrophy type 3Well supported
0.92
agreement 0.801.00
Genetic85%Animal model14%Literature1%Genetic literaturedup

Open Targets aggregate 0.81 · 3 independent evidence families · 1 not counted as duplicate

spinal muscular atrophy, type IIWell supported
0.89
agreement 0.751.00
Genetic98%Literature2%Genetic literaturedup

Open Targets aggregate 0.76 · 2 independent evidence families · 1 not counted as duplicate

spinal muscular atrophy, type 1Well supported
0.88
agreement 0.770.99
Genetic91%Clinical5%Literature4%Genetic literaturedup

Open Targets aggregate 0.79 · 3 independent evidence families · 1 not counted as duplicate

This ranking differs from Open Targets' own: re-weighting moves genetically-evidenced diseases above more heavily co-mentioned ones. The evidence agreement range shows how closely the independent evidence families agree — it is not a statistical confidence interval, and nothing here is fitted to outcome data. Derived from Open Targets evidence types under Forefront weighting; the underlying per-type scores are shown above so the calculation can be checked.

What's happening now

4

Recent activity around this target, drawn from one canonical event stream. Every item is reached through a drug that targets this protein, so each event is news about that drug rather than about the protein directly.

  1. Regulatory approval2026-06-30

    Approval: Itvisma (EMA)

    ema · regulatory · ema · via onasemnogene abeparvovec

  2. CHMP positive opinion2026-04-24

    CHMP positive opinion: Itvisma (EMA)

    ema · regulatory · ema · via onasemnogene abeparvovec

  3. New publication2020-11-10
    Hepatotoxicity following administration of onasemnogene abeparvovec (AVXS-101) for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy.

    Journal of hepatology · 2021 · 230 citations · Europe PMC · via onasemnogene abeparvovec

  4. Regulatory approval2020-05-18

    Approval: Zolgensma (EMA)

    ema · regulatory · ema · via onasemnogene abeparvovec

Objective event titles are shown unmodified; the event kind and significance line are derived from structured fields. Forefront AttentionEvent stream aggregating Europe PMC Regulatory filings ClinicalTrials.gov.