Brain Injuries
Recent clinical, regulatory, research and industry developments relating to this disease.
Cognitive Motor Dissociation in Disorders of Consciousness.
Brain injury biomarkers and applications in neurological diseases.
Neuroimmune activation is associated with neurological outcome in anoxic and traumatic coma.
Secretome as a Tool to Treat Neurological Conditions: Are We Ready?
Unconventional T cells in brain homeostasis, injury and neurodegeneration.
Traumatic brain injury: integrated approaches to improve prevention, clinical care, and research.
Genomic analysis of reactive astrogliosis.
What's happening now
An analyst briefing on current research, clinical, regulatory and industry activity surrounding this disease.
- 2 clinical trials expected to report results, the earliest in Q3 2028.
Clinical MilestonesViewHide
- 2026-05-06Buspirone and Melatonin for Depression Following Traumatic Brain InjuryResults expected Q3 2028
- 2025-09-17The Effectiveness of Spasticity-correcting Upper Limb Surgery Versus Botulinum Toxin Injections in Patients With Upper Limb Spasticity: an Experimental Study With Paired DesignResults expected Q1 2029
- 2025-12-31Brain Injury and Ketamine: a Prospective, Randomized Controlled Double Blind Clinical Trial to Study the Effects of Ketamine on Sedative Sparing and Intracranial Pressure in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients.Primary completion
- 2025-12-01Ketamine Infusion in the Postoperative Period as a Method of Cerebral Protection in Children During Surgical Correction of Congenital Heart DefectsPrimary completion
- 2026-06-01Exogenous Sodium Lactate Infusion in Traumatic Brain Injury (ELI-TBI)Withdrawn
- 2026-06-01ClinicalExogenous Sodium Lactate Infusion in Traumatic Brain Injury (ELI-TBI)Withdrawn
- 2026-05-06ClinicalBuspirone and Melatonin for Depression Following Traumatic Brain InjuryResults expected Q3 2028
- 2025-12-31ClinicalBrain Injury and Ketamine: a Prospective, Randomized Controlled Double Blind Clinical Trial to Study the Effects of Ketamine on Sedative Sparing and Intracranial Pressure in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients.Primary completion
- 2025-12-01ClinicalKetamine Infusion in the Postoperative Period as a Method of Cerebral Protection in Children During Surgical Correction of Congenital Heart DefectsPrimary completion
- 2025-09-17ClinicalThe Effectiveness of Spasticity-correcting Upper Limb Surgery Versus Botulinum Toxin Injections in Patients With Upper Limb Spasticity: an Experimental Study With Paired DesignResults expected Q1 2029
Clinical trials
The current development programme across all trial phases.
Research activity
Key research shaping understanding of this disease, combining the latest publications with the most influential evidence.
Major themes8
- Brain Injuries9
- Biomarkers1
- Brain Ischemia1
- Brain Neoplasms1
- Coma, Post-Head Injury1
- Consciousness Disorders1
- COVID-191
- Dissociative Disorders1
Leading journals6
- Nature communications2
- Biomolecules1
- Brain : a journal of neurology1
- Chinese medical journal1
- Circulation1
- Frontiers in immunology1
Leading researchers8
- Laureys S2
- Menon DK2
- Naccache L2
- Adelson PD1
- Albucher JF1
- Allanson J1
- Andelic N1
- Araújo B1
Affiliations (unnormalised)6
- Alder Hey Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust1
- Brain and Mind Research Institute1
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation1
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG)1
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC-UC)1
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VARPP)1
Disease biology
Key proteins & gene products studied in this disease. Number shows shared papers.
Related conditions
Diseases frequently studied alongside this one. Number shows shared papers.
Disease profile
A grounded synthesis of the condition — overview, causes, mechanism, risk factors and current standard of care.
Brain injuries are acute or chronic injuries affecting the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, and brain stem. Clinical manifestations vary with the type and location of injury, and can include diffuse injury with diffuse axonal injury or post-traumatic coma, as well as localized injury with neurobehavioral changes or focal neurologic deficits such as hemiparesis.
The grounding supports traumatic injury as a cause of brain injury, including diffuse trauma and localized injury. It also indicates that brain injury can occur as a pathological process in other neurological disorders, but does not specify additional causes or aetiologies.
The literature emphasizes secondary injury mechanisms, especially neuroinflammatory processes involving interactions between the central nervous system and the peripheral immune system. It also supports biomarker evidence of neuronal, axonal, astrocytic, and demyelinating injury, and notes altered interleukin-6 signaling, unconventional T-cell involvement, and changes in thyroid hormone availability after brain injury.
The supplied grounding does not identify specific risk factors for developing brain injuries. It only indicates that injury severity and clinical manifestations depend on the nature and location of the injury.
The grounding does not provide a conventional treatment standard for brain injuries at the modality or drug-class level. It mentions research interest in biomarker-guided diagnosis and prognosis, immune-targeted approaches, mesenchymal stem cell secretome-based therapies, and thyroid hormone-based recovery strategies, but not established routine care.
AI-generated summary grounded in MeSH and 6 peer-reviewed sources. Informational only — not medical advice. Generated 2026-07-07.
Reference
Authoritative identity, definition & identifiers.
Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.
- Disease identity & definition — NLM Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), public domain
- Clinical trials — ClinicalTrials.gov (U.S. National Library of Medicine)
- Research activity — Europe PMC (EMBL-EBI) + OpenAlex-derived paper links
- Related entities are derived from literature co-mention (studied together) — associative, not causal.