2025emaApproval — Eltrombopag olamine· Eltrombopag Accord is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) who are refractory to other treatments (e.g. corticosteroids, immunoglobulins).Eltrombopag Accord is indicated for the treatment of paediatric patients aged 1 year and above with primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) lasting 6 months or longer from diagnosis and who are refractory to other treatments (e.g. corticosteroids, immunoglobulins).Eltrombopag Accord is indicated in adult patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection for the treatment of thrombocytopenia, where the degree of thrombocytopenia is the main factor preventing the initiation or limiting the ability to maintain optimal interferon-based therapy. source ↗

2024emaApproval — Eltrombopag olamine· Eltrombopag Viatris is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) who are refractory to other treatments (e.g. corticosteroids, immunoglobulins).Eltrombopag Viatris is indicated for the treatment of paediatric patients aged 1 year and above with primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) lasting 6 months or longer from diagnosis and who are refractory to other treatments (e.g. corticosteroids, immunoglobulins) (see sections 4.2 and 5.1).Eltrombopag Viatris is indicated in adult patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection for the treatment of thrombocytopenia, where the degree of thrombocytopenia is the main factor preventing the initiation or limiting the ability to maintain optimal interferon-based therapy (see sections 4.2 and 5.1). source ↗

2021emaApproval — Azathioprine· Jayempi is indicated in combination with other immunosuppressive agents for the prophylaxis of transplant rejection in patients receiving allogenic kidney, liver, heart, lung or pancreas transplants. Azathioprine is indicated in immunosuppressive regimens as an adjunct to immunosuppressive agents that form the mainstay of treatment (basis immunosuppression). Jayempi is used as an immunosuppressant antimetabolite either alone or, more commonly, in combination with other agents (usually corticosteroids) and/ or procedures which influence the immune response. Jayempi is indicated in patients who are intolerant to glucocorticosteroids or if the therapeutic response is inadequate despite treatment with high doses of glucocorticosteroids, in the following diseases: severe active rheumatoid arthritis (chronic polyarthritis) that cannot be kept under control by less toxic agents (disease-modifying anti-rheumatic -medicinal products – DMARDs) auto-immune hepatitis  systemic lupus erythematosus dermatomyositis polyarteritis nodosa pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid Behçet’s disease refractory auto-immune haemolytic anaemia, caused by warm IgG antibodies chronic refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura Jayempi is used for the treatment of moderately severe to severe forms of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis) in patients in whom glucocorticosteroid therapy is necessary, but where glucocorticosteroids are not tolerated, or in whom the disease is untreatable with other common means of first choice. It is also indicated in adult patients in relapsing multiple sclerosis, if an immunomodulatory therapy is indicated but beta interferon therapy is not possible, or a stable course has been achieved with previous treatment with azathioprine. 3 Jayempi is indicated for the treatment of generalised myasthenia gravis. Depending on the severity of the disease, Jayempi should be given in combination with glucocorticosteroids because of slow onset of action at the beginning of treatment and the glucocorticosteroid dose should be gradually reduced after several months of treatment. source ↗

2020emaApproval — Bulevirtide acetate· Hepcludex is indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection in plasma (or serum) HDV-RNA positive adult and paediatric patients 3 years of age and older weighing at least 10 kg with compensated liver disease. source ↗

2017emaApproval — Entecavir· Entecavir Accord is indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in adults with: compensated liver disease and evidence of active viral replication, persistently elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and histological evidence of active inflammation and/or fibrosis. decompensated liver disease. For both compensated and decompensated liver disease, this indication is based on clinical trial data in nucleoside naive patients with HBeAg positive and HBeAg negative HBV infection. With respect to patients with lamivudine-refractory hepatitis B. Entecavir Accord is also indicated for the treatment of chronic HBV infection in nucleoside naive paediatric patients from 2 to <18 years of age with compensated liver disease who have evidence of active viral replication and persistently elevated serum ALT levels, or histological evidence of moderate to severe inflammation and/or fibrosis. With respect to the decision to initiate treatment in paediatric patients. source ↗

2017emaApproval — Tenofovir alafenamide fumarate· Vemlidy is indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in adults and paediatric patients 6 years of age and older weighing at least 25 kg (see section 5.1). source ↗

2016emaApproval — Tenofovir disoproxil· HIV-1 infection Tenofovir disoproxil 245 mg film-coated tablets are indicated in combination with other antiretroviral medicinal products for the treatment of HIV-1 infected adults. In adults, the demonstration of the benefit of tenofovir disoproxil in HIV-1 infection is based on results of one study in treatment-naïve patients, including patients with a high viral load (> 100,000 copies/ml) and studies in which tenofovir disoproxil was added to stable background therapy (mainly tritherapy) in antiretroviral pre-treated patients experiencing early virological failure (< 10,000 copies/ml, with the majority of patients having < 5,000 copies/ml). Tenofovir disoproxil 245 mg film-coated tablets are also indicated for the treatment of HIV-1 infected adolescents, with NRTI resistance or toxicities precluding the use of first line agents, aged 12 to < 18 years. The choice of tenofovir disoproxil to treat antiretroviral-experienced patients with HIV-1 infection should be based on individual viral resistance testing and/or treatment history of patients. Hepatitis B infection Tenofovir disoproxil 245 mg film-coated tablets are indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in adults with: compensated liver disease, with evidence of active viral replication, persistently elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and histological evidence of active inflammation and/or fibrosis. evidence of lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus. decompensated liver disease. Tenofovir disoproxil 245 mg film-coated tablets are indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in adolescents 12 to < 18 years of age with: compensated liver disease and evidence of immune active disease, i.e. active viral replication, persistently elevated serum ALT levels and histological evidence of active inflammation and/or fibrosis. source ↗

2016emaApproval — Tenofovir disoproxil phosphate· HIV?1 infection Tenofovir disoproxil Zentiva is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral medicinal products for the treatment of HIV?1 infected adults. In adults, the demonstration of the benefit of tenofovir disoproxil in HIV?1 infection is based on results of one study in treatment?naïve patients, including patients with a high viral load (> 100,000 copies/ml) and studies in which tenofovir disoproxil was added to stable background therapy (mainly tritherapy) in antiretroviral pre?treated patients experiencing early virological failure (< 10,000 copies/ml, with the majority of patients having < 5,000 copies/ml). Tenofovir disoproxil Zentiva is also indicated for the treatment of HIV?1 infected adolescents, with NRTI (nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor) resistance or toxicities precluding the use of first line agents, aged 12 to < 18 years. The choice of Tenofovir disoproxil Zentiva to treat antiretroviral?experienced patients with HIV?1 infection should be based on individual viral resistance testing and/or treatment history of patients. Hepatitis B infection Tenofovir disoproxil Zentiva is indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in adults with: compensated liver disease, with evidence of active viral replication, persistently elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and histological evidence of active inflammation and/or fibrosis (see section 5.1); evidence of lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus (see sections 4.8 and 5.1); decompensated liver disease (see sections 4.4, 4.8 and 5.1). Tenofovir disoproxil Zentiva is indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in adolescents 12 to < 18 years of age with: compensated liver disease and evidence of immune active disease, i.e. active viral replication, persistently elevated serum ALT levels and histological evidence of active inflammation and/or fibrosis (see sections 4.4, 4.8 and 5.1). source ↗

Safety updates

2024emaMarket withdrawal — Dasabuvir sodium· Exviera is indicated in combination with other medicinal products for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in adults. For hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype specific activity. source ↗

2023emaMarket withdrawal — Ribavirin· Rebetol is indicated in combination with other medicinal products for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in adults. Rebetol is indicated in combination with other medicinal products for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) for paediatric patients (children 3 years of age and older and adolescents) not previously treated and without liver decompensation. source ↗

European Medicines Agency (CC BY 4.0). Events are matched to this condition by drug indication text — approvals/updates for drugs indicated for it, not disease-specific acts.

Research activity

4 papers

Key research shaping understanding of this disease, combining the latest publications with the most influential evidence.

Publications over time

20092024

Most influential

Changes in gut microbiota control inflammation in obese mice through a mechanism involving GLP-2-driven improvement of gut permeability.

Gut · 2009 · 1,794 cites

Liver inflammation and fibrosis.

The Journal of clinical investigation · 2017 · 930 cites

Gut · 2015 · 801 cites

Steroid-refractory immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) hepatitis and ICI rechallenge: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Hepatology communications · 2024 · 9 cites

Recent publications

Steroid-refractory immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) hepatitis and ICI rechallenge: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Hepatology communications · 2024 · 9 cites

Liver inflammation and fibrosis.

The Journal of clinical investigation · 2017 · 930 cites

Gut · 2015 · 801 cites

Changes in gut microbiota control inflammation in obese mice through a mechanism involving GLP-2-driven improvement of gut permeability.

Gut · 2009 · 1,794 cites

Major themes5

Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury1
Glucocorticoids1
Hepatitis1
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors1
Insulin Resistance1

Leading journals3

Gut2
Hepatology communications1
The Journal of clinical investigation1

Leading researchers8

Anhê FF1
Brenner DA1
Cani PD1
Delzenne NM1
Desjardins Y1
Dudonné S1
Everard A1
Garofalo C1

Affiliations (unnormalised)6

Cardiology Axis of the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute1
Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods1
Louvain Drug Research Institute1
Massachusetts General Hospital1
Research Centre1
University of Maryland Midtown Campus1

Related conditions

2 matches

Diseases frequently studied alongside this one. Number shows shared papers.

Endotoxemia2 Inflammation2

Reference

Authoritative identity, definition & identifiers.

Defined in MeSH

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.

Identifiers

MeSHHepatitis

References & data sources

Disease identity & definition — NLM Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), public domain
Clinical trials — ClinicalTrials.gov (U.S. National Library of Medicine)
Research activity — Europe PMC (EMBL-EBI) + OpenAlex-derived paper links
Related entities are derived from literature co-mention (studied together) — associative, not causal.