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Drug

Zalcitabine

Established medicine
ClassHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase inhibitorResearchOngoing clinical research
Also known as 2',3'-Dideoxycytidine, DDC, DDCYD, Dideoxycytidine+2 more

2',3'-Dideoxycytidine, DDC, DDCYD, Dideoxycytidine, Hivid, ZALCITABINE (DIDEOXYCYTIDINE,ddC).

RxNorm3363ChEMBLCHEMBL853ATCJ05AF03UNII6L3XT8CB3I
Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH
Primary target
Latest activity
beta

Recent clinical, regulatory, research and industry developments relating to this drug.

(Ro 24-2027) A Randomized, Double-Blind, Comparative Study of Dideoxycytidine (ddC) Versus Zidovudine (AZT) in Patients With AIDS or Advanced ARC

Clinical trial2011-03-14Completed · ClinicalTrials.gov

Dideoxycytidine ( Ro 24-2027 ) A Randomized, Open-Label, Comparative Study of Dideoxycytidine ( ddC ) Versus Zidovudine ( AZT ) in Patients With AIDS or Advanced ARC Who Have Received Long-Term AZT Therapy.

Clinical trial2011-03-14Completed · ClinicalTrials.gov

Double-Blind, Randomized, Phase II Study of Ro 31-8959 Plus Zidovudine (AZT) Versus AZT Plus Zalcitabine (Dideoxycytidine; ddC) Versus Ro 31-8959 Plus AZT Plus ddC

Clinical trial2011-03-01Completed · ClinicalTrials.gov

An Open-Label, Randomized, Dose-Finding, Multicenter Trial of Dideoxycytidine (ddC) Administered Concurrently With Zidovudine (AZT) in the Treatment of AIDS or Advanced ARC

Clinical trial2008-08-08Completed · ClinicalTrials.gov

A Master Protocol to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Multi-Drug Combination Antiretroviral Therapy for the Treatment of HIV Infection: Retrovir/HIVID/Nevirapine and Retrovir/HIVID/Invirase

Clinical trial2005-06-24Completed · ClinicalTrials.gov

A Multiclinic, Open Pilot Study to Investigate the Effect of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy Including Indinavir Sulfate on Coagulation Factors, on Platelet Aggregation, and on Factor VIII/IX Half-Life in HIV-1 Seropositive Patients With Hemophilia A or B

Clinical trial2005-06-24Completed · ClinicalTrials.gov

A Randomized Lamivudine (3TC)/Dideoxycytidine (ddC) Double-Blind Multicenter Trial (With Open-Label AZT) to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Low Dose 3TC Administered Concurrently With AZT Versus High Dose 3TC Administered Concurrently With AZT Versus ddC Administered Concurrently With AZT in the Treatment of HIV-1 Infected, AZT-Experienced (>= 24 Weeks) Patients With CD4 Counts of 100-300 Cells/mm3

Clinical trial2005-06-24Completed · ClinicalTrials.gov

A Randomized Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Combination Therapy With Retrovir ( AZT ) and HIVID ( ddC ) Versus Retrovir, HIVID, and Wellferon ( Interferon Alfa-n1 ) for the Treatment of HIV Infection

Clinical trial2005-06-24Completed · ClinicalTrials.gov

A Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter, Parallel Study of Ro 31-8959 (Saquinavir; HIV Proteinase Inhibitor) Alone, HIVID (Dideoxycytidine; Zalcitabine, ddC) Alone, and Both in Combination, as Treatment for Advanced HIV Infection (CD4 50-300 Cells/mm3) in Patients Discontinuing or Unable to Take Retrovir (Zidovudine; AZT) Therapy

Clinical trial2005-06-24Completed · ClinicalTrials.gov

A Randomized, Multicenter, Double-Blind, Phase III, Parallel Study of Zidovudine (AZT) Alone Versus AZT Plus Zalcitabine (Dideoxycytidine; ddC) Versus AZT Plus Saquinavir Mesylate (Ro 31-8959 ; HIV Proteinase Inhibitor) Versus AZT Plus ddC Plus Ro 31-8959 in Previously Untreated or Minimally Pretreated HIV-Infected Patients With CD4 Lymphocyte Counts From 50 to <= 350 Cells/mm3

Clinical trial2005-06-24Completed · ClinicalTrials.gov

A Randomized, Open-Label Study of Alternative Treatment Combinations of Dideoxycytidine (HIVID; ddC) and Zidovudine (AZT) in Patients With HIV Infection

Clinical trial2005-06-24Completed · ClinicalTrials.gov

A Randomized, Parallel Arm, Comparative, Open Label, Multicenter Study of the Activity and Safety of Two Formulations of Saquinavir in Combination With Other Antiretroviral Drugs

Clinical trial2005-06-24Completed · ClinicalTrials.gov

Profile

Identifiers & mechanism

Canonical identifiers, marketed brand names and mechanism, resolved across RxNorm, ChEMBL and ATC.

Canonical name
Zalcitabine
Aliases & brands
2',3'-DideoxycytidineDDCDDCYDDideoxycytidineHividZALCITABINE (DIDEOXYCYTIDINE,ddC)
RxNorm CUI
3363
ChEMBL ID
CHEMBL853
ATC codes
J05AF03
UNII
6L3XT8CB3I
Primary mechanism
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor

Pharmacology & targets

1 target

Known molecular targets and mechanisms supported by curated pharmacology databases.

Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH
pol · Q72547
INHIBITORHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor

Clinical trials

39 trials

The current development programme across all trial phases — status mix, phase distribution and the late-stage studies shaping the evidence base.

Development programme
CLINICALTRIALS.GOV · LIVE REGISTRY
39
registered trials across all phases
LATEST COMPLETION 2002
17
Late-stage (III+)
39
Completed
PHASE DISTRIBUTIONn = 39
Phase 16Phase 216Phase 37Phase 41Phase N / A9

Late-stage studies

Phase III+ trials still open or recently active — where late-stage evidence is being generated.

A Multiclinic, Open Pilot Study to Investigate the Effect of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy Including Indinavir Sulfate on Coagulation Factors, on Platelet Aggregation, and on Factor VIII/IX Half-Life in HIV-1 Seropositive Patients With Hemophilia A or B

CompletedPH IVMerck Sharp & Dohme LLCn=552005

Double-Blind Study of Timunox (Thymopentin) in Asymptomatic HIV-Infected Patients Receiving Either Mono (AZT or ddI) or Combination (AZT/ddI or AZT/ddC) Anti-Retroviral Therapy

CompletedPH IIIImmunobiology Research Institute2005

A Randomized, Multicenter, Double-Blind, Phase III, Parallel Study of Zidovudine (AZT) Alone Versus AZT Plus Zalcitabine (Dideoxycytidine; ddC) Versus AZT Plus Saquinavir Mesylate (Ro 31-8959 ; HIV Proteinase Inhibitor) Versus AZT Plus ddC Plus Ro 31-8959 in Previously Untreated or Minimally Pretreated HIV-Infected Patients With CD4 Lymphocyte Counts From 50 to <= 350 Cells/mm3

CompletedPH IIIKey trialHoffmann-La Rochen=3,0002005

A Randomized Lamivudine (3TC)/Dideoxycytidine (ddC) Double-Blind Multicenter Trial (With Open-Label AZT) to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Low Dose 3TC Administered Concurrently With AZT Versus High Dose 3TC Administered Concurrently With AZT Versus ddC Administered Concurrently With AZT in the Treatment of HIV-1 Infected, AZT-Experienced (>= 24 Weeks) Patients With CD4 Counts of 100-300 Cells/mm3

CompletedPH IIIGlaxo Wellcomen=3252005

A Randomized, Open-Label Study of Alternative Treatment Combinations of Dideoxycytidine (HIVID; ddC) and Zidovudine (AZT) in Patients With HIV Infection

CompletedPH IIIHoffmann-La Rochen=5282005

Recent completions

Trials that read out recently, adding to the completed evidence base.

RAD-1: A Phase I/II Antiretroviral Management Algorithm for Pediatric Subjects of Four-Drug Combination Therapies Based on Prior Antiretroviral Experience

CompletedPH INational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)n=2172002

Comparison of the Virologic Efficacy of Nelfinavir and/or DMP 266 (Efavirenz, EFV) in Combination With One or Two New Nucleoside Analogs in Nucleoside Experienced Subjects: A Roll-Over Study to ACTG 302/303

CompletedPH IINational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)n=3002000

A Phase II Multicenter Study Comparing Antiretroviral Therapy Alone to Antiretroviral Therapy Plus Cytosine Arabinoside (Cytarabine; Ara-C) for the Treatment of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Infected Subjects

CompletedPH IINational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)n=901997

Phase I/II Study of Combination Chemotherapy (Adriamycin, Bleomycin, +/- Vincristine) and Dideoxyinosine (ddI) or Dideoxycytidine (ddC) in the Treatment of AIDS-Related Kaposi's Sarcoma

CompletedPH INational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)n=721996

A Phase I Pilot Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Interferon Alfa-2b (IFN Alfa-2b) in Combination With Nucleoside Analog Therapy in Patients With Combined Hepatitis C (HCV) and Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections

CompletedPH INational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)n=101996

A Randomized, Double-Blind, Four-Arm Study Comparing Combination Nucleoside, Alternating Nucleoside, and Triple-Drug Therapy for the Treatment of Advanced HIV Disease (CD4 <= 50/mm3)

CompletedPH IINational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)n=1,2921996
References & data sources
  • RxNorm (U.S. National Library of Medicine) — drug identity
  • ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI) & UniProt — pharmacology and targets
  • ClinicalTrials.gov — clinical trials