Back to discover

Protein / target

Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH

polQ72547Human immunodeficiency virus type 1
UniProt: Q72547
30
Clinical trials
11
Drugs targeting

Protein at a glance

Biological role

Aspartic-type endopeptidase

Derived from structured UniProt, Open Targets and literature data on this page.

Protein profile

UniProt 2026_02

Canonical identity and biological annotation from UniProt.

Domains and Gene Ontology detail (13)

Domains & features

Reverse transcriptaseRNase H type-1

Gene Ontology

  • Chost multivesicular body
  • Cvirion membrane
  • Faspartic-type endopeptidase activity
  • Fidentical protein binding
  • Fmetal ion binding
  • FRNA stem-loop binding
  • FRNA-directed DNA polymerase activity
  • FRNA-DNA hybrid ribonuclease activity
  • PDNA integration
  • PDNA recombination
  • Pproteolysis

566 aa · 65 kDa

Biological roles

What this protein does, drawn together from its UniProt function, Gene Ontology terms and Reactome pathways.

ProteolysisGO
View supporting evidence

Proteolysis

  • ·aspartic-type endopeptidase activity
  • ·proteolysis

Concepts derived from UniProt GO Reactome — each badge above shows which sources supported that role.

Approved medicines with mapped indications

10 medicines · 8 areas

Approved therapies targeting this protein, grouped by what they are approved to treat — the disease-first view of the medicines below. Relationships come from the canonical approved-indication graph (ChEMBL phase-4), the same source as the drug cards.

Virus Diseases10 medicines
didanosinedoravirineefavirenzemtricitabineetravirinelamivudinerilpivirinestavudinezalcitabinezidovudine
HIV Infections9 medicines
didanosinedoravirineefavirenzemtricitabineetravirinelamivudinerilpivirinestavudinezidovudine
Autoimmune Diseases3 medicines
efavirenzlamivudinezidovudine
Infections2 medicines
efavirenzlamivudine
Hepatitis1 medicine
lamivudine
Hepatitis B1 medicine
lamivudine
Hepatitis B, Chronic1 medicine
lamivudine
Inflammation1 medicine
lamivudine

Approved indications from ChEMBL (phase-4), via the canonical drug→disease graph.

Drugs targeting this protein

11

How approved and investigational drugs engage this protein — mechanism and action type, direct vs complex targeting, and how broadly each acts across other targets. A drug-first view (the section above groups the approved ones disease-first); direct binders with few recorded targets are listed first.

stavudine
Narrow target profileInhibitor

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor

Indicated for HIV Infections, Virus Diseases

Direct interaction with this protein · Only this protein recorded as a target

lamivudine
Narrow target profileInhibitor

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor

Indicated for Autoimmune Diseases, Hepatitis, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis B, Chronic

Direct interaction with this protein · 1 of 2 recorded protein targets — narrow recorded profile

zidovudine
Narrow target profileInhibitor

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor

Indicated for Autoimmune Diseases, HIV Infections, Virus Diseases

Direct interaction with this protein · Only this protein recorded as a target

didanosine
Narrow target profileInhibitor

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor

Indicated for HIV Infections, Virus Diseases

Direct interaction with this protein · Only this protein recorded as a target

etravirine
Narrow target profileInhibitor

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor

Indicated for HIV Infections, Virus Diseases

Direct interaction with this protein · Only this protein recorded as a target

doravirine
Narrow target profileNegative allosteric modulator

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase negative allosteric modulator

Indicated for HIV Infections, Virus Diseases

Direct interaction with this protein · Only this protein recorded as a target

View all 11 targeting drugs
efavirenz
Narrow target profileInhibitor

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor

Indicated for Autoimmune Diseases, HIV Infections, Infections, Virus Diseases

Direct interaction with this protein · Only this protein recorded as a target

emtricitabine
Narrow target profileInhibitor

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor

Indicated for HIV Infections, Virus Diseases

Direct interaction with this protein · Only this protein recorded as a target

rilpivirine
Narrow target profileInhibitor

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor

Indicated for HIV Infections, Virus Diseases

Direct interaction with this protein · Only this protein recorded as a target

Azvudine
Narrow target profileInhibitor

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor

Direct interaction with this protein · 1 of 3 recorded protein targets — narrow recorded profile

zalcitabine
Narrow target profileInhibitor

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor

Indicated for Virus Diseases

Direct interaction with this protein · Only this protein recorded as a target

ChEMBL mechanism, action type, target identity and approved indications. Open Targets clinical status.

Clinical trials

30

Trials of drugs that target this protein — reached indirectly through those drugs, so a trial listed here studies the drug, not the protein. Ranked by active status, then clinical phase and recency, and spread across the targeting drugs.

Doravirine Dose Optimisation in PregnancyPHASE4

RECRUITING · via doravirine · NCT05630638

A Multicenter Randomized Double-blind Placebo-controlled Study to Investigate Azvudine in Symptomatic Adult Participants With COVID-19 Who Are at Increased Risk of Progressing to Severe IllnessPHASE2/PHASE3

RECRUITING · via Azvudine · NCT05689034

A Phase III, Randomized, Multicenter, Parallel-group, Open-Label Study Evaluating the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Long-Acting Intramuscular Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine for Maintenance of Virologic Suppression Following Switch From an Integrase Inhibitor Single Tablet Regimen in HIV-1 Infected Antiretroviral Therapy Naive Adult ParticipantsPHASE3

ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING · via rilpivirine · NCT02938520

A Single-center, Self-controlled, Prospective Case Series Pilot Study to Assess the Effect of Lamivudine (3TC) on Neurocognitive Impairment Biomarkers and Type-I IFN (Interferon)-Stimulated Genes in the Plasma of Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)PHASE2

ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING · via lamivudine · NCT06519357

View all trials (26)
Efficacy of Doravirine + Dolutegravir Dual Therapy in the Context of Antiretroviral Therapy Switch (DORDOL)PHASE3

RECRUITING · via doravirine · NCT04892654

A Single-center, Non-randomized, Open-label, Self-controlled, Phase I Clinical Study to Evaluate Drug-Drug Interactions (DDI) of JMKX003142 Tablets in Chinese Healthy Participants.PHASE1

NOT_YET_RECRUITING · via efavirenz · NCT07565441

A Phase 1b, Multi-cohort Clinical Trial Assessing Safety and Feasibility of Exercise and Spermidine Administered in Conjunction With Lamivudine (RTi) or Rapamycin (mTORi) to Assess Impact on Dynamic Changes of Inflammation and AgingPHASE1

RECRUITING · via lamivudine · NCT07058974

Synergistic Treatment With Antiretrovirals and Laser Interstitial Thermal thErapy (STARLITE) for Unresectable High-Grade Gliomas: A Phase 1 StudyPHASE1

RECRUITING · via lamivudine · NCT06428045

Repurposing Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors for Treatment of ADPHASE1

RECRUITING · via emtricitabine · NCT04500847

Body Composition Sub-study of the D2EFT TrialPHASE4

COMPLETED · via emtricitabine · NCT03675815

Optimization of Antiretroviral TherapyPHASE4

COMPLETED · via lamivudine · NCT02935075

An Open-label Single-Center, 4-Period William's Cross-Over Design Drug Interaction Trial to Determine the Effects of Sorbitol-Containing Solutions on Lamivudine Exposure Following Administration of Lamivudine Oral Solution in Healthy Adult SubjectsPHASE4

COMPLETED · via lamivudine · NCT02634073

A Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter, Open-label, Exploratory Study of Utilizing of "Response-Guided-Therapy (RGT)" Strategy on Optimal Nucleoside Analogue (NUC)-Experienced PatientsPHASE4

UNKNOWN · via lamivudine · NCT02560649

Emtricitabine for Naive Child Chinese Chronic Hepatitis B PatientsPHASE4

UNKNOWN · via emtricitabine · NCT02327676

A Randomized Study to Evaluate the Effect of Switching From Efavirenz to Atazanavir/ Ritonavir on Lipoatrophy and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in HIV-infected Subjects With Good Virologic SuppressionPHASE4

TERMINATED · via efavirenz · NCT01194856

Plasma and Intracellular Concentrations of Raltegravir and Etravirine Administered Once Daily (800 mg and 400 mg, Respectively) Compared With Standard Dosing (400 mg and 200 mg/12 h) in Patients With HIV InfectionPHASE4

COMPLETED · via etravirine · NCT01121809

Effect of Encapsulation Upon Efavirenz PharmacokineticsPHASE4

COMPLETED · via efavirenz · NCT01087814

CID 0821 - Pilot Study to Evaluate HIV Viremia and Persistence in Acutely HIV-Infected Antiretroviral Naïve Patients Treated With Darunavir/Ritonavir and EtravirinePHASE4

TERMINATED · via etravirine · NCT00855413

Nucleoside Analogue in Late Preganancy to Prevent Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis B VirusPHASE4

COMPLETED · via lamivudine · NCT01788371

The Efficacy and Safety of Telbivudine and Lamivudine Use in Highly Viremic Mothers to Prevent Hepatitis B TransmissionPHASE4

COMPLETED · via lamivudine · NCT01743079

Molecular, Biochemical and Clinical Differences Between Stavudine and Tenofovir, Each Combined With Lamivudine and Efavirenz in South African HIV-infected PatientsPHASE4

TERMINATED · via stavudine · NCT01601899

Anti-retroviral Efficacy, Tolerance and Other Pharmacologic Interactions of the Non Nucleoside Analog Efavirenz in Association With Rifampicin to Treat Tuberculosis and AIDSPHASE4

TERMINATED · via efavirenz · NCT00533390

A Retrospective Study to Compare the 3-Year Antiviral Efficacy of Nevirapine and Efavirenz in Combination With D4t and 3tc in 2NN Patients and of Trizivir Versus Trizivir Plus Nevirapine in CHARM PatientsPHASE4

COMPLETED · via stavudine · NCT00127972

Evaluation of the Safety and Clinical Efficacy of AZVUDINE: Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study in Mild Stage Patients Infected With the SARS-CoV-2 VirusPHASE3

COMPLETED · via Azvudine · NCT05033145

A Phase III, Randomised, Double Blind, Multicentre, Parallel Group, Non Inferiority Study Evaluating the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Dolutegravir Plus Lamivudine Compared to Dolutegravir Plus Tenofovir/Emtricitabine in Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Infected Treatment naïve AdultsPHASE3

COMPLETED · via lamivudine · NCT02831673

Dolutegravir Antiretroviral Strategy to Promote Improvement and Reduce Drug Exposure (ASPIRE) StudyPHASE3

COMPLETED · via lamivudine · NCT02263326

A Phase 3 Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Active Comparator-Controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Doravirine (MK-1439) 100 mg Once Daily Versus Darunavir 800 mg Once Daily Plus Ritonavir 100 mg Once Daily, Each in Combination With TRUVADA™ or EPZICOM™/KIVEXA™, in Treatment-Naïve HIV-1 Infected SubjectsPHASE3

COMPLETED · via doravirine · NCT02275780

International, Multicenter, Randomized, Partially Blind Study to Evaluate Efficacy, Safety and Selection of the Optimal Dose for VM-1500 in Comparison to Efavirenz in Combination With Two NRTIs in Treatment-naïve, HIV-1 Infected PatientsPHASE2/PHASE3

COMPLETED · via efavirenz · NCT02489461

A Phase IIIb, Randomized, Open-Label Study of Pegylated Interferon Alfa-2A in Combination With Lamivudine or Entecavir Compared With Untreated Control Patients in Children With HBeAg Positive Chronic Hepatitis B in the Immune-Tolerant PhasePHASE3

COMPLETED · via lamivudine · NCT02263079

Efficacy and Safety of Concomitant Use of Nevirapine and Rifampicin in Antiretroviral Naive Patients Co-infected With HIV and Tuberculosis in India.PHASE3

COMPLETED · via efavirenz · NCT01805258

ClinicalTrials.gov via the drug-target graph.

What's happening now

12

Recent therapeutic activity around this target — regulatory actions, clinical trials and safety signals for 6 drugs that target this protein, plus publications where such a drug is a genuine subject. Every item is reached indirectly through the drug, not the protein itself; incidental mentions (a paper that merely measures a drug) and press items are excluded.

  1. Withdrawn from market2025-09-30

    Market withdrawal: Stocrin (EMA)

    ema · market · ema · via efavirenz

  2. Label change2024-11-14

    Label change: EMTRICITABINE AND TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE (ANDA091055)

    fda · regulatory · fda · via emtricitabine

  3. Label change2024-11-14

    Label change: EMTRICITABINE AND TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE (ANDA091055)

    fda · regulatory · fda · via emtricitabine

  4. Withdrawn from market2024-02-01

    Market withdrawal: Sustiva (EMA)

    ema · market · ema · via efavirenz

  5. Regulatory approval2021-01-13

    Approval: EMTRICITABINE AND TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE (ANDA091055)

    fda · regulatory · fda · via emtricitabine

  6. New publication2016-12-27
    Moderate Hepatic Impairment Does Not Affect Doravirine Pharmacokinetics.

    Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2017 · 21 citations · Europe PMC · via doravirine

  7. Safety communication2014-12-11

    Drug Safety Update: Etravirine: reports of severe hypersensitivity reactions

    mhra · safety · mhra · via etravirine

  8. Safety communication2014-12-11

    Drug Safety Update: Stavudine (Zerit): increased risk of potentially severe adverse effects

    mhra · safety · mhra · via stavudine

  9. New publication2014-10-29
    A phase II trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of efavirenz in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

    The oncologist · 2014 · 31 citations · Europe PMC · via efavirenz

  10. New publication2012-06-01
    Three postpartum antiretroviral regimens to prevent intrapartum HIV infection.

    The New England journal of medicine · 2012 · 148 citations · Europe PMC · via zidovudine

  11. Regulatory approval2003-10-24

    Approval: Emtriva (EMA)

    ema · regulatory · ema · via emtricitabine

  12. New publication1999-12-01
    Combination therapy with efavirenz, nelfinavir, and nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group 382 Team.

    The New England journal of medicine · 1999 · 141 citations · Europe PMC · via efavirenz

Objective event titles are shown unmodified; the event kind and significance line are derived from structured fields. Forefront AttentionEvent stream aggregating Europe PMC Regulatory filings ClinicalTrials.gov.