Protein / target
Carbonic anhydrase 2
Protein at a glance
Biological role
Carbonate dehydratase activity
Primary system
Musculoskeletal system
Strongest disease association
Osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis
Therapeutic maturity
Clinically validated target
Druggability
Small molecule
Clinical development
11 approved
Derived from structured UniProt, Open Targets and literature data on this page.
Protein profile
Canonical identity and biological annotation from UniProt.
Function
Catalyzes the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide (PubMed:11327835, PubMed:11802772, PubMed:11831900, PubMed:12056894, PubMed:12171926, PubMed:1336460, PubMed:14736236, PubMed:15300855, PubMed:15453828, PubMed:15667203, PubMed:15865431, PubMed:16106378, PubMed:16214338, PubMed:16290146, PubMed:16686544, PubMed:16759856, PubMed:16807956, PubMed:17127057, PubMed:17251017, PubMed:17314045, PubMed:17330962, PubMed:17346964, PubMed:17540563, PubMed:17588751, PubMed:17705204, PubMed:18024029, PubMed:18162396, PubMed:18266323, PubMed:18374572, PubMed:18481843, PubMed:18618712, PubMed:18640037, PubMed:18942852, PubMed:1909891, PubMed:1910042, PubMed:19170619, PubMed:19186056, PubMed:19206230, PubMed:19520834, PubMed:19778001, PubMed:7761440, PubMed:7901850, PubMed:8218160, PubMed:8262987, PubMed:8399159, PubMed:8451242, PubMed:8485129, PubMed:8639494, PubMed:9265618, PubMed:9398308). Can also hydrate cyanamide to urea (PubMed:10550681, PubMed:11015219). Stimulates the chloride-bicarbonate exchange activity of SLC26A6 (PubMed:15990874). Essential for bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation (PubMed:15300855). Involved in the regulation of fluid secretion into the anterior chamber of the eye. Contributes to intracellular pH regulation in the duodenal upper villous epithelium during proton-coupled peptide absorption
Subcellular location
Domains and Gene Ontology detail (15)Hide
Domains & features
Gene Ontology
- Capical part of cell
- Ccytoplasm
- Ccytosol
- Cextracellular exosome
- Cplasma membrane
- Farylesterase activity
- Fcarbonate dehydratase activity
- Fcyanamide hydratase activity
- Fzinc ion binding
- Pangiotensin-activated signaling pathway
- Pcarbon dioxide transport
- Ppositive regulation of dipeptide transmembrane transport
Biological roles
What this protein does, drawn together from its UniProt function, Gene Ontology terms and Reactome pathways.
View underlying pathways (4)Hide underlying pathways
Concepts derived from UniProt GO Reactome — each badge above shows which sources supported that role.
Interaction neighbourhood
Proteins with the strongest functional or physical association. Node size and line weight reflect STRING confidence; hover or select a partner to inspect one association.
Functional and physical associations from STRING v12.0. Only associations with this protein are drawn — partner-to-partner links are not part of this evidence.
Drugs targeting this protein
Whether each drug engages this protein directly or through a complex, and how many other targets are recorded for it. Direct binders with few recorded targets are listed first.
Carbonic anhydrase II inhibitor
Appears in clinical studies involving Seizure, glaucoma, edema, angle-closure glaucoma
ChEMBL mechanism, action type and target identity. Open Targets clinical status and indications.
Translational evidence
Why this target matters therapeutically — disease associations, drugs in development, tractability and safety, from Open Targets.
Strongest genetic associations
Human genetic evidence — the most direct causal link between this target and a disease.
Highest-confidence therapeutic associations
Diseases where a drug acting on this target has already reached clinical development.
Highest overall evidence
Remaining associations by Open Targets' aggregated evidence score.
Show all associationsHide all associations
Open Targets ranks 918 associations for this target and we store the top 10 by aggregated score. The long tail is largely literature co-mention and RNA-expression evidence, not evidence that this target drives those diseases.
Known drugs · 11 total
duodenal ulcer
glaucoma · paramyotonia congenita of Von Eulenburg · hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
epilepsy · migraine disorder · Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
epilepsy · obstructive sleep apnea syndrome · childhood-onset epilepsy syndrome
open-angle glaucoma · glaucoma · ocular hypertension
Seizure · angle-closure glaucoma · edema
open-angle glaucoma · ocular hypertension · glaucoma
glaucoma · open-angle glaucoma · type 2 diabetes mellitus
glaucoma · ocular hypertension · open-angle glaucoma
rheumatic disorder · Arthritis · osteoarthritis
Tractability
Clinical trials
Trials of drugs that target this protein — reached indirectly through those drugs, so a trial listed here studies the drug, not the protein.
Show remaining trials (24)Hide
ClinicalTrials.gov via the drug-target graph.
Forefront confidence
Our own weighting of the evidence behind each disease association. Human genetics and clinical evidence count for most; literature co-mention counts for little, because two entities sharing an abstract is not evidence that one drives the other.
The evidence agreement range shows how closely the independent evidence families agree — it is not a statistical confidence interval, and nothing here is fitted to outcome data. Derived from Open Targets evidence types under Forefront weighting; the underlying per-type scores are shown above so the calculation can be checked.
What's happening now
Recent activity around this target, drawn from one canonical event stream. Every item is reached through a drug that targets this protein, so each event is news about that drug rather than about the protein directly.
- Label change
Label change: ACETAZOLAMIDE (ANDA040904)
- Label change
Label change: ACETAZOLAMIDE (ANDA040089)
- Label change
Label change: ACETAZOLAMIDE (ANDA202693)
- Label change
Label change: ACETAZOLAMIDE (ANDA202693)
- Label change
Label change: ACETAZOLAMIDE (ANDA202693)
- Label change
Label change: ACETAZOLAMIDE (ANDA040089)
- New publicationTreatment with GLP-1 receptor agonists is associated with significant weight loss and favorable headache outcomes in idiopathic intracranial hypertension.
- Label change
Label change: ACETAZOLAMIDE (ANDA040904)
- New publicationAcetazolamide in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure with Volume Overload.
- Regulatory approval
Approval: ACETAZOLAMIDE (ANDA202693)
- New publicationEffect of acetazolamide on visual function in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension and mild visual loss: the idiopathic intracranial hypertension treatment trial.
- Regulatory approval
Approval: ACETAZOLAMIDE (ANDA040904)
Objective event titles are shown unmodified; the event kind and significance line are derived from structured fields. Forefront AttentionEvent stream aggregating Europe PMC Regulatory filings ClinicalTrials.gov.