2015emaOriginal application approval — Tolvaptan· Jinarc is indicated to slow the progression of cyst development and renal insufficiency of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) in adults with CKD stage 1 to 3 at initiation of treatment with evidence of rapidly progressing disease. source ↗

2007emaBiosimilar approval — Epoetin zeta· Treatment of symptomatic anaemia associated with chronic renal failure (CRF) in adult and paediatric patients: treatment of anaemia associated with chronic renal failure in adult and paediatric patients on haemodialysis and adult patients on peritoneal dialysis; treatment of severe anaemia of renal origin accompanied by clinical symptoms in adult patients with renal insufficiency not yet undergoing dialysis. Treatment of anaemia and reduction of transfusion requirements in adult patients receiving chemotherapy for solid tumours, malignant lymphoma or multiple myeloma, and at risk of transfusion as assessed by the patient's general status (e.g. cardiovascular status, pre-existing anaemia at the start of chemotherapy). Retacrit can be used to increase the yield of autologous blood from patients in a predonation programme. Its use in this indication must be balanced against the reported risk of thromboembolic events. Treatment should only be given to patients with moderate anaemia (no iron deficiency), if blood-saving procedures are not available or insufficient when the scheduled major elective surgery requires a large volume of blood (four or more units of blood for females or five or more units for males). Retacrit can be used to reduce exposure to allogeneic blood transfusions in adult non-iron-deficient patients prior to major elective orthopaedic surgery, having a high perceived risk for transfusion complications. Use should be restricted to patients with moderate anaemia (e.g. Hb 10-13 g/dl) who do not have an autologous predonation programme available and with expected moderate blood loss (900 to 1800 ml). source ↗

2007emaBiosimilar approval — Epoetin zeta· Treatment of symptomatic anaemia associated with chronic renal failure (CRF) in adult and paediatric patients Treatment of anaemia associated with chronic renal failure in adult and paediatric patients on haemodialysis and adult patients on peritoneal dialysis. Treatment of severe anaemia of renal origin accompanied by clinical symptoms in adult patients with renal insufficiency not yet undergoing dialysis. Treatment of anaemia and reduction of transfusion requirements in adult patients receiving chemotherapy for solid tumours, malignant lymphoma or multiple myeloma, and at risk of transfusion as assessed by the patient's general status (e.g. cardiovascular status, pre?existing anaemia at the start of chemotherapy). Silapo can be used to increase the yield of autologous blood from patients in a predonation programme. Its use in this indication must be balanced against the reported risk of thromboembolic events. Treatment should only be given to patients with moderate anaemia (no iron deficiency), if blood saving procedures are not available or insufficient when the scheduled major elective surgery requires a large volume of blood (4 or more units of blood for females or 5 or more units for males). Silapo is indicated for non-iron deficient adults prior to major elective orthopaedic surgery having a high perceived risk for transfusion complications to reduce exposure to allogeneic blood transfusions. Use should be restricted to patients with moderate anaemia (e.g. haemoglobin concentration range between 10 to 13 g/dl) who do not have an autologous predonation programme available and with expected moderate blood loss (900 to 1 800 ml). Silapo can be used to increase haemoglobin concentration in symptomatic anaemia (haemoglobin concentration of ?10 g/dl) in adults with low- or intermediate-1-risk primary myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) who have low serum erythropoietin (<200 mU/ml). source ↗

2006emaBiosimilar approval — Growth Hormone· Infants, children and adolescents Growth disturbance due to insufficient secretion of growth hormone (GH). Growth disturbance associated with Turner syndrome. Growth disturbance associated with chronic renal insufficiency. Growth disturbance (current height standard-deviation score (SDS) < -2.5 and parental adjusted SDS < -1) in short children / adolescents born small for gestational age (SGA), with a birth weight and / or length below -2 standard deviations (SDs), who failed to show catch-up growth (height velocity (HV) SDS < 0 during the last year) by four years of age or later. Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), for improvement of growth and body composition. The diagnosis of PWS should be confirmed by appropriate genetic testing. Adults Replacement therapy in adults with pronounced growth hormone deficiency. Patients with severe growth hormone deficiency in adulthood are defined as patients with known hypothalamic pituitary pathology and at least one known deficiency of a pituitary hormone not being prolactin. These patients should undergo a single dynamic test in order to diagnose or exclude a growth hormone deficiency. In patients with childhood-onset isolated GH deficiency (no evidence of hypothalamic-pituitary disease or cranial irradiation), two dynamic tests should be recommended, except for those having low insulin-like-growth-factor-I (IGF-I) concentrations (SDS < -2) who may be considered for one test. The cut-off point of the dynamic test should be strict. source ↗

2001emaOriginal application approval — Growth Hormone· Long-term treatment of children with growth failure due to inadequate endogenous growth hormone secretion. Long-term treatment of growth failure associated with Turner syndrome. Treatment of prepubertal children with growth failure associated with chronic renal insufficiency up to the time of renal transplantation. Replacement of endogenous growth hormone in adults with growth hormone deficiency of either childhood or adult-onset etiology. Growth hormone deficiency should be confirmed appropriately prior to treatment. source ↗

European Medicines Agency (CC BY 4.0). Events are matched to this condition by drug indication text — approvals/updates for drugs indicated for it, not disease-specific acts.

Research activity

3 papers

Key research shaping understanding of this disease, combining the latest publications with the most influential evidence.

Publications over time

2019–2026

Most influential

Sodium-glucose cotransporter protein-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists for type 2 diabetes: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2021 · 435 cites

Renal Association Clinical Practice Guideline on Haemodialysis.

BMC nephrology · 2019 · 150 cites

Recent publications

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists.

The New England journal of medicine · 2026

BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2021 · 435 cites

Renal Association Clinical Practice Guideline on Haemodialysis.

BMC nephrology · 2019 · 150 cites

Major themes6

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists2
Cardiovascular Diseases1
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 21
Mortality1
Obesity1
Renal Insufficiency1

Leading journals3

BMC nephrology1
BMJ (Clinical research ed.)1
The New England journal of medicine1

Leading researchers8

Ahmad N1
Andrea Fox RN1
Ashby D1
Badve SV1
Barmanray RD1
Borman N1
Burke M1
Burton J1

Affiliations (unnormalised)6

Centre for Gerontology and Geriatrics1
Centre for Outcomes Research and Clinical Epidemiology (CORESEARCH)1
Charles Perkins Centre1
Chinese Evidence-based Medicine Centre1
Cumming School of Medicine1
Evidence-based Medicine Research Centre1

Associated genes

12 matches

Genes associated with this disease in the canonical knowledge graph (Open Targets evidence). Number shows the association score.

PKD10.64 UMOD0.60 POC50.53 APOL10.51 CPS10.50 WDR720.49 NFATC10.49 SOS20.45 SLC34A10.44 CDKAL10.42 PDILT0.42 TPPP0.41

Disease biology

4 matches

Proteins whose encoding gene is associated with this disease, reached through the canonical gene→disease graph. Number shows the gene's association score.

Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase [ammonia], mitochondrialvia CPS10.50 Short transient receptor potential channel 6via TRPC60.37 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alphavia PPARGC1A0.37 Osteocalcinvia BGLAP0.32

Related conditions

2 matches

Diseases frequently studied alongside this one. Number shows shared papers.

Cardiovascular Diseases2 Diabetes Mellitus, Type 22

Reference

Authoritative identity, definition & identifiers.

Defined in MeSH

Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.

Identifiers

MeSHRenal Insufficiency

References & data sources

Disease identity & definition — NLM Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), public domain
Clinical trials — ClinicalTrials.gov (U.S. National Library of Medicine)
Research activity — Europe PMC (EMBL-EBI) + OpenAlex-derived paper links
Related entities are derived from literature co-mention (studied together) — associative, not causal.