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Drug

Epinephrine

Established medicine
ClassAdrenergic receptor agonistResearchActive indication expansion
Also known as (-)-(R)-epinephrine, (R)-(-)-Adnephrine, (R)-(-)-Adrenaline, (R)-(-)-Epinephrine+57 more

(-)-(R)-epinephrine, (R)-(-)-Adnephrine, (R)-(-)-Adrenaline, (R)-(-)-Epinephrine, (R)-(-)-Epirenamine, Adrenaclick, Adrenalin, Adrenalin, Topical, Adrenaline, Adrénaline, Ana-Guard, Articadent, Asthmahaler, Auvi-Q, Bronitin, Bronkaid Mist, Citanest Forte, E-Pilo-1, E-Pilo-2, E-Pilo-4, E-Pilo-6, EPINEPHrine (Eqv-Adrenaclick) Auto-Injector, EPINEPHrine (Eqv-EpiPen JR) Auto-Injector, EPINEPHrine (Eqv-EpiPen) Auto-Injector, EPINEPHrine Auto-Injector, EpiPen 2-Pak, Epifrin, Epinal, Epinefrin, Epinefrina, Epipen, Flavalta, Glaucon, Lignospan, Marcaine with Epinephrine, Medihaler-Epi, Neffy, Orabloc, P1E1, P2E1, P3E1, P4E1, P6E1, Primatene Mist Inhaler, RACEPINEFRINE, (R)-, Sensorcaine with Epinephrine, Septocaine, Sus-Phrine Injection, Symjepi, Ultacan, Vivacaine, Xylocaine with Epinephrine, Zorcaine, Epinephrin, 1,2-BENZENEDIOL, 4-(1-HYDROXY-2-(METHYLAMINO)ETHYL)-, (R)-, 4-((1R)-1-HYDROXY-2-(METHYLAMINO)ETHYL)-1,2-BENZENEDIOL, BENZYL ALCOHOL, 3,4-DIHYDROXY-.ALPHA.-((METHYLAMINO)METHYL)-, (-)-, EPINEPHrine Bitartrate, EPINEPHrine Hydrochloride, Epinephrinum, Eppy/N.

RxNorm3992ChEMBLCHEMBL679ATCR03AA01ATCS01EA51ATCR01AA14ATCB02BC09ATCS01EA01ATCA01AD01ATCC01CA24ATCR03AK01UNIIYKH834O4BH
2
Research papers
21
Active clinical trials
9
Protein targets
27
Regulatory events
Latest activity
beta

Recent clinical, regulatory, research and industry developments relating to this drug.

Generic approval: EPINEPHRINE (ANDA220400)

Regulatory2026-10-26FDA

Label change: EPINEPHRINE (NDA204200)

Regulatory2026-10-19FDA

Randomized Phase II Trial of Rituximab With Either Pentostatin or Bendamustine for Multiply Relapsed or Refractory Hairy Cell Leukemia

Clinical trial2026-10-15Results posted · ClinicalTrials.gov

A Randomized Double Blind Trial of Vasoactive Drugs for the Management of Shock in the ICU

Clinical trial2026-10-01Primary completion · ClinicalTrials.gov

Supplemental approval: EPINEPHRINE (ANDA219239)

Regulatory2026-09-22FDA

Generic approval: EPINEPHRINE (ANDA220657)

Regulatory2026-09-15FDA

Nationwide Epinephrine Recall; FBI's Fauci Probe; Bruce Campbell's Cancer

Regulatory2026-09-08Regulatory news · MedPage Today — Infectious Disease

Daiichi unit American Regent recalls 3 epinephrine batches on particulate, leakage concerns

Industry2026-09-04Fierce Pharma

American Regent, Inc. Issues Voluntary Nationwide Recall of Three Lots of Epinephrine Injection, USP 30 mg/ 30 mL (1 mg/mL) Due to the Presence of Particulate Matter and Lack of Assurance of Sterility

Regulatory2026-09-03Regulatory news · FDA Recalls & Safety Alerts

Effect of Adding a Low-Dose Epinephrine Bolus Prior to Infusion on Maternal Hemodynamic Stability During Cesarean Section Under Spinal Anesthesia: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Clinical trial2026-08-28Status changed to Completed · ClinicalTrials.gov

A Single-Arm, Open-Label Study of Intralesional Treatment of Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma With Cisplatin

Clinical trial2026-08-26Results expected Q3 2031 · ClinicalTrials.gov

Impact of norepinephrine on immunity and oxidative metabolism in sepsis.

Research2023-11-07Frontiers in immunology

Profile

Identifiers & mechanism

Canonical identifiers, marketed brand names and mechanism, resolved across RxNorm, ChEMBL and ATC.

Canonical name
Epinephrine
Aliases & brands
(-)-(R)-epinephrine(R)-(-)-Adnephrine(R)-(-)-Adrenaline(R)-(-)-Epinephrine(R)-(-)-EpirenamineAdrenaclickAdrenalinAdrenalin, TopicalAdrenalineAdrénalineAna-GuardArticadentAsthmahalerAuvi-QBronitinBronkaid MistCitanest ForteE-Pilo-1E-Pilo-2E-Pilo-4E-Pilo-6EPINEPHrine (Eqv-Adrenaclick) Auto-InjectorEPINEPHrine (Eqv-EpiPen JR) Auto-InjectorEPINEPHrine (Eqv-EpiPen) Auto-InjectorEPINEPHrine Auto-InjectorEpiPen 2-PakEpifrinEpinalEpinefrinEpinefrinaEpipenFlavaltaGlauconLignospanMarcaine with EpinephrineMedihaler-EpiNeffyOrablocP1E1P2E1P3E1P4E1P6E1Primatene Mist InhalerRACEPINEFRINE, (R)-Sensorcaine with EpinephrineSeptocaineSus-Phrine InjectionSymjepiUltacanVivacaineXylocaine with EpinephrineZorcaineEpinephrin1,2-BENZENEDIOL, 4-(1-HYDROXY-2-(METHYLAMINO)ETHYL)-, (R)-4-((1R)-1-HYDROXY-2-(METHYLAMINO)ETHYL)-1,2-BENZENEDIOLBENZYL ALCOHOL, 3,4-DIHYDROXY-.ALPHA.-((METHYLAMINO)METHYL)-, (-)-EPINEPHrine BitartrateEPINEPHrine HydrochlorideEpinephrinumEppy/N
RxNorm CUI
3992
ChEMBL ID
CHEMBL679
ATC codes
R03AA01S01EA51R01AA14B02BC09S01EA01A01AD01C01CA24R03AK01
UNII
YKH834O4BH
Primary mechanism
Adrenergic receptor agonist
Regulatory jurisdictions
fdaema

Pharmacology & targets

9 targets

Known molecular targets and mechanisms supported by curated pharmacology databases.

Beta-3 adrenergic receptor
ADRB3 · P13945
AGONISTAdrenergic receptor agonist
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor
ADRB1 · P08588
AGONISTAdrenergic receptor agonist
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor
ADRB2 · P07550
AGONISTAdrenergic receptor agonist
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor
ADRA1A · P35348
AGONISTAdrenergic receptor agonist
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor
ADRA1D · P25100
AGONISTAdrenergic receptor agonist
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor
ADRA1B · P35368
AGONISTAdrenergic receptor agonist
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor
ADRA2A · P08913
AGONISTAdrenergic receptor agonist
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor
ADRA2C · P18825
AGONISTAdrenergic receptor agonist
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor
ADRA2B · P18089
AGONISTAdrenergic receptor agonist

Regulatory timeline

27 events

The complete regulatory record, grouped by authority — approvals, safety advisories and label changes. Each authority shows its most recent events; expand one to read its full history.

Earliest approval
2012-12-07
Latest approval
2026-10-26
Authorities
FDA · EMA
Total events
27
fdaU.S. Food and Drug Administration· 26 events
2026-10-26Generic approvalMarket
Generic approval: EPINEPHRINE (ANDA220400)
Evidence ↗
2026-10-19Label change
Label change: EPINEPHRINE (NDA204200)
Evidence ↗
2026-09-22Supplemental approval
Supplemental approval: EPINEPHRINE (ANDA219239)
Evidence ↗
emaEuropean Medicines Agency· 1 event
2024-08-22Original application approval
Marketing authorisation: Eurneffy (EMA)
Indication: Eurneffy is indicated in the emergency treatment of allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) due to insect stings or bites, foods, medicinal products and other allergens as well as… Show full indication

Eurneffy is indicated in the emergency treatment of allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) due to insect stings or bites, foods, medicinal products and other allergens as well as idiopathic or exercise induced anaphylaxis. Treatment is indicated for adults and children aged 4 years and over with a body weight of 15 kg or more.

Evidence ↗

Data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (U.S. Food and Drug Administration), public domain (CC0).

Contains information from the European Medicines Agency (European Medicines Agency), © EMA, reused under CC BY 4.0.

Clinical trials

159 trials

The current development programme across all trial phases — status mix, phase distribution and the late-stage studies shaping the evidence base.

Development programme
CLINICALTRIALS.GOV · LIVE REGISTRY
159
registered trials across all phases
LATEST COMPLETION 2026
21
Active studies
18
Recruiting
132
Late-stage (III+)
93
Completed
45
Discontinued
PHASE DISTRIBUTIONn = 159
Early Phase 13Phase 18Phase 1 / 23Phase 213Phase 2 / 35Phase 317Phase 454Phase N / A56

Late-stage studies

Phase III+ trials still open or recently active — where late-stage evidence is being generated.

CanROC Epinephrine Dose: Optimal Versus Standard Evaluation Trial (CanROC EpiDOSE Trial)

RecruitingPH IVKey trialUnity Health Toronton=3,7902028

A Phase IV Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Neffy or Intramuscular Adrenalin in Patients With Allergic Reactions After Oral Food Challenge or Allergen Immunotherapy

RecruitingPH IVARS Pharmaceuticals, Inc.n=6002027

Evaluation of Emergency Medication in Children With Food Allergies: a Prospective, Randomized Clinical Multicenter Study Comparing Antihistamines Versus Antihistamines Plus Steroids in a Controlled Setting of Oral Food Challenges in Children.

RecruitingPH IVJohannes Trueckn=1602026

Effect of Push-Dose Adrenaline on Peri-intubation Cardiovascular and Clinical Outcomes During Rapid Sequence Intubation in the Emergency Department: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Not yet recruitingPH IVMarmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospitaln=1282026

A Randomized Double Blind Trial of Vasoactive Drugs for the Management of Shock in the ICU

RecruitingPH IVUniversity of Chicagon=8362026

Recent completions

Trials that read out recently, adding to the completed evidence base.

Effect of Adding a Low-Dose Epinephrine Bolus Prior to Infusion on Maternal Hemodynamic Stability During Cesarean Section Under Spinal Anesthesia: A Randomized Clinical Trial

CompletedPH IIICairo Universityn=802026

Comparison of Intrathecal Epinephrine Versus Dexmedetomidine as Adjuvants in Cesarean Section

CompletedPH IVIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinain=902026

The Efficiency of Periarticular Multimodal Drug Injection in Pain Management Following Primary Unilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty: a Randomized Controlled Trial

CompletedN/ADamascus Universityn=802025

Perioperative Analgesic Management Using Conventional Versus Regional Nerve Block in Craniotomy Surgeries in Lower Middle-Income Class Countries

CompletedPH IVAga Khan Universityn=622025

Hypoglycemia Associated Autonomic Dysfunction Dose Response of Epinephrine

CompletedPH IUniversity of Maryland, Baltimoren=322025

Prophylactic Tranexamic Acid Versus Adrenaline for Bleeding Prevention During Flexible Bronchoscopy: a Double Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial

CompletedN/AKey trialClinical Hospital Centre Zagrebn=1,0132025

Research activity

2 papers

Key research shaping understanding of this drug, combining the latest publications with the most influential evidence.

Publications over time
2020–2023
Major research themes3
Endoscopy1Norepinephrine1Sepsis1
Journals, researchers & institutions
Top journals
  • Frontiers in immunology1
  • International forum of allergy & rhinology1
Leading researchers
  • Bartels B1
  • Borchard NA1
  • Choby G1
  • Dholakia SS1
  • Farrar JD1
  • Hwang PH1
  • Maul X1
  • Mehta P1
Leading institutions
free-text, unnormalised
  • Mayo Clinic1
  • Ramathibodi Hospital1
  • Stanford University1
  • University of Texas1
  • University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center1

Related drugs

1 matches

Drugs sharing diseases, protein targets and literature with this one. Ranked by graph evidence (shared targets + diseases weighted above co-mentions).

Norepinephrine

Studied across 2 of the same disease areas as Epinephrine in the shared literature.

2 shared diseases1 shared paper
References & data sources
  • RxNorm (U.S. National Library of Medicine) — drug identity
  • ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI) & UniProt — pharmacology and targets
  • Europe PMC — research literature
  • ClinicalTrials.gov — clinical trials
  • Regulatory event sources are credited in the Regulatory Timeline above.