Drug

Glutamine

In clinical development

Emerging researchLate-stage developmentRising momentum

Also known as (2S)-2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid, Endari, Gln - Glutamine, Glutamic acid 5-amide+12 more

(2S)-2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid, Endari, Gln - Glutamine, Glutamic acid 5-amide, Glutamic acid amide, L-(+)-glutamine, L-2-aminoglutaramic acid, L-GLUTAMINE, L-Glutamin, L-Glutaminsäure-5-amid, Levoglutamide, NutreStore, Q, Glutamina, (2S)-2,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoic acid, (S)-2,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoic acid.

RxNorm4885 ChEMBLCHEMBL930 ATCA16AA03UNII0RH81L854J

Research papers

Active clinical trials

Latest activity

beta

Recent clinical, regulatory, research and industry developments relating to this drug.

Efficacy and Safety of Thalidomide Combined With Glutamine in the Treatment of Radiation Intestinal Injury: a Single-center, Open-label, Randomized Controlled Study

Clinical trial2026-03-27Results expected Q4 2028 · ClinicalTrials.gov

A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial Assessing the Effect of Glutamine on Intestinal Permeability and Symptoms in Patients With Functional Dyspepsia

Clinical trial2025-12-31Completed · ClinicalTrials.gov

Glutamine for the Prophylaxis of Vincristine-induced Neuropathy in Children and Adolescents With Cancer. A Single Center Study

Clinical trial2025-12-17Results expected Q4 2026 · ClinicalTrials.gov

Glutamine Combined With Thalidomide in Preventing Radiation-induced Oral Mucositis in Patients Undergoing radiotherapy-a Multicenter, Open-label, Randomized Controlled Study

Clinical trial2025-10-31Completed · ClinicalTrials.gov

The Effect of Glutamine on Reducing Pulmonary Arterial Pressure in Non-transfusion-dependent Thalassemia Patients: a Single Blind Randomized Clinical Trial

Clinical trial2025-09-27Completed · ClinicalTrials.gov

IIT2020-02-Gong-GlutaPanc: Phase I Trial of First-line L-glutamine With Gemcitabine and Nab-paclitaxel in Advanced Pancreatic Cancer (GlutaPanc)

Clinical trial2025-06-17Completed · ClinicalTrials.gov

The Glutamate/GABA-Glutamine Cycle: Insights, Updates, and Advances.

Research2025-03-01Journal of neurochemistry

Glutamine and cancer: metabolism, immune microenvironment, and therapeutic targets.

Research2025-01-24Cell communication and signaling : CCS

Clinical research framework proposal for ketogenic metabolic therapy in glioblastoma.

Research2024-12-05BMC medicine

Follicle stimulating hormone controls granulosa cell glutamine synthesis to regulate ovulation.

Research2024-07-01Protein & cell

Metabolic Reprogramming of Tumor-Associated Macrophages Using Glutamine Antagonist JHU083 Drives Tumor Immunity in Myeloid-Rich Prostate and Bladder Cancers.

Research2024-07-01Cancer immunology research

A glutamine tug-of-war between cancer and immune cells: recent advances in unraveling the ongoing battle.

Research2024-03-08Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR

Profile

Identifiers & mechanism

Canonical identifiers, marketed brand names and mechanism, resolved across RxNorm, ChEMBL and ATC.

Canonical name

Glutamine

Aliases & brands

(2S)-2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acidEndariGln - GlutamineGlutamic acid 5-amideGlutamic acid amideL-(+)-glutamineL-2-aminoglutaramic acidL-GLUTAMINEL-GlutaminL-Glutaminsäure-5-amidLevoglutamideNutreStoreQGlutamina(2S)-2,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoic acid(S)-2,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoic acid

RxNorm CUI

4885

ChEMBL ID

CHEMBL930

ATC codes

A16AA03

UNII

0RH81L854J

Clinical trials

60 trials

The current development programme across all trial phases — status mix, phase distribution and the late-stage studies shaping the evidence base.

Development programme

CLINICALTRIALS.GOV · LIVE REGISTRY

registered trials across all phases

LATEST COMPLETION 2025

Active studies

Recruiting

Late-stage (III+)

Completed

Discontinued

PHASE DISTRIBUTIONn = 60

Early Phase 12Phase 18Phase 1 / 24Phase 217Phase 2 / 34Phase 312Phase 44Phase N / A9

Late-stage studies

Phase III+ trials still open or recently active — where late-stage evidence is being generated.

Effects of Oral Care With Glutamine on Oral Health, Oral Flora and Incidence of Pneumonia After Neurosurgery With Microbiome Analysis

Unknown statusPH IVYanzhaon=1002024

A Phase 4, Open-Label, Single-Center Study to Assess Pharmacokinetic Characteristics and Safety of Endari in Patients With Sickle Cell Disease

CompletedPH IVEmmaus Medical, Inc.n=132021

The Impact of Preoperative Oral Glutamine Intake on the Immunocompetence and Outcomes of Malnourished Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Surgery Due to Malignancies - A Randomized, Placebo-controlled Pilot Study

CompletedPH IVInsel Gruppe AG, University Hospital Bernn=422018

Glutamine to Intensive Care Patients - a Prospective, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Multicenter Study in the Scandinavian Countries

TerminatedPH IVKey trialScandinavian Critical Care Trials Groupn=1,0002009

Glutamine for the Prophylaxis of Vincristine-induced Neuropathy in Children and Adolescents With Cancer. A Single Center Study

Not yet recruitingPH IIIAin Shams Universityn=702027

Recent completions

Trials that read out recently, adding to the completed evidence base.

A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial Assessing the Effect of Glutamine on Intestinal Permeability and Symptoms in Patients With Functional Dyspepsia

CompletedPH I/IIDavid J. Cangemin=122025

Glutamine Combined With Thalidomide in Preventing Radiation-induced Oral Mucositis in Patients Undergoing radiotherapy-a Multicenter, Open-label, Randomized Controlled Study

CompletedPH IIIAir Force Military Medical University, Chinan=1382025

The Effect of Glutamine on Reducing Pulmonary Arterial Pressure in Non-transfusion-dependent Thalassemia Patients: a Single Blind Randomized Clinical Trial

CompletedPH II/IIIMazandaran University of Medical Sciencesn=82025

IIT2020-02-Gong-GlutaPanc: Phase I Trial of First-line L-glutamine With Gemcitabine and Nab-paclitaxel in Advanced Pancreatic Cancer (GlutaPanc)

CompletedPH IJun Gong, MDn=182025

A Pilot/Phase 1, Interventional, Open-label, Multi-center Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of L-glutamine Treatment in Patients With Diverticulosis

CompletedPH IEmmaus Medical, Inc.n=92022

Glutamine PET Imaging in LAM

CompletedPH IVanderbilt University Medical Centern=52021

Research activity

19 papers

Key research shaping understanding of this drug, combining the latest publications with the most influential evidence.

Publications over time

20132025

Most influential

Glutamine and cancer: cell biology, physiology, and clinical opportunities.

The Journal of clinical investigation · 2013 · 971 cites

Gut Microbiota and Cardiovascular Disease.

Circulation research · 2020 · 756 cites

Glutamate as a neurotransmitter in the healthy brain.

Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2014 · 625 cites

Common and rare variant association analyses in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis identify 15 risk loci with distinct genetic architectures and neuron-specific biology.

Nature genetics · 2021 · 467 cites

Targeting glutamine metabolism enhances tumor-specific immunity by modulating suppressive myeloid cells.

The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020 · 357 cites

Targeting glutamine metabolism as a therapeutic strategy for cancer.

Experimental & molecular medicine · 2023 · 347 cites

Related diseases

2 conditions

Regulator-approved indications and conditions co-mentioned with this drug across the research literature. Number shows shared papers.

Active research areas

Neoplasms7 Cardiovascular Diseases3

Related drugs

6 matches

Drugs sharing diseases, protein targets and literature with this one. Ranked by graph evidence (shared targets + diseases weighted above co-mentions).

Choline

Studied across 5 of the same disease areas as Glutamine in the shared literature.

5 shared diseases1 shared paper

Amino Acids, Essential

Studied across 4 of the same disease areas as Glutamine in the shared literature.

4 shared diseases1 shared paper

Amino Acids

Studied across 3 of the same disease areas as Glutamine in the shared literature.

3 shared diseases1 shared paper

gamma-Aminobutyric Acid

Studied across 3 of the same disease areas as Glutamine in the shared literature.

3 shared diseases1 shared paper

4-Cresol

Studied across the same disease area as Glutamine in the shared literature.

1 shared disease1 shared paper

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

Studied across the same disease area as Glutamine in the shared literature.

1 shared disease1 shared paper

References & data sources

RxNorm (U.S. National Library of Medicine) — drug identity
ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI) & UniProt — pharmacology and targets
Europe PMC — research literature
ClinicalTrials.gov — clinical trials