Back to discover
Disease
Osteoporosis
Late-stage therapeutic developmentActively researchedSteady momentum
27
Publications
24
Clinical trials
7
Related conditions
1
Related treatments
12
Associated genes
11
Related proteins
2025
Latest publication
Current focus
Estrogen biologyTherapeutic developmentVitamin d3 biologyMetabolic & lifestyle factorsDisease mechanisms & pathology
Latest activity
betaRecent clinical, regulatory, research and industry developments relating to this disease.
GLP-1R Actions on Muscle and the Skeleton
Clinical trial2026-07-24Status changed to Active, not recruiting · ClinicalTrials.gov
Regulatory2026-04-27EMA
Regulatory2025-11-17EMA
Association Between Low Bone Density, Vertebral Fractures, and Pain in Sickle Cell Disease
Clinical trial2025-08-24Results posted · ClinicalTrials.gov
Regulatory2025-07-18EMA
Regulatory2025-06-26EMA
Regulatory2025-06-26EMA
Regulatory2025-06-23EMA
Gut microbiota and microbial metabolites for osteoporosis.
Research2024-12-17Gut microbes
Associations Among Estrogens, the Gut Microbiome and Osteoporosis.
Research2024-11-25Current osteoporosis reports
Research2024-08-01Medicine
Research2024-05-23BioMed research international
What's happening now
An analyst briefing on current research, clinical, regulatory and industry activity surrounding this disease.
Executive briefingUpdating summary…Momentum: High
Key developments
- 2 regulatory approvals from EMA on record.
- 5 clinical trials expected to report results, the earliest in Q2 2027.
- 6 industry developments reported.
Upcoming Milestones
- Q2 2027A Phase 4 Single-arm Open-label Study for the Efficacy and Safety of Prolia® in Participants With Glucocorticoid-induced Osteoporosis in Mainland China
- Q4 2027Anabolic Therapy in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
- Q2 2029Effects of Cycle Therapy With Romosozumab and Denosumab 2 Years vs 1 Year Romosozumab Followed by 1 Year Denosumab in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Patients-A Randomized Control Trial
- Q3 2030The Optimised Use of Romozosumab Study
- Q4 2030StrAtegies For Zoledronic Acid Post-dEnosumab Discontinuation in Postmenopausal oSTeoporosis
Major developments
Upcoming trial readoutHigh impact
Results expected Q3 20302026-07-02
Upcoming trial readoutHigh impact
Results expected Q2 20292026-06-23
Important regulatory approvalHigh impact
Teriparatide is indicated in adults. Treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and in men at increased risk of fracture. In postmenopausal women, a significant reduction in the incidence of vertebral and non-vertebral fractures but not hip fractures has been demonstrated. Treatment of osteoporosis associated with sustained systemic glucocorticoid therapy in women and men at increased risk for fracture.2026-04-27
Clinical MilestonesView all 13Hide
Results expected
- 2026-07-02The Optimised Use of Romozosumab StudyResults expected Q3 2030
- 2026-06-23Effects of Cycle Therapy With Romosozumab and Denosumab 2 Years vs 1 Year Romosozumab Followed by 1 Year Denosumab in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Patients-A Randomized Control TrialResults expected Q2 2029
- 2026-05-27A Phase 4 Single-arm Open-label Study for the Efficacy and Safety of Prolia® in Participants With Glucocorticoid-induced Osteoporosis in Mainland ChinaResults expected Q2 2027
- 2026-04-15Anabolic Therapy in Postmenopausal OsteoporosisResults expected Q4 2027
- 2025-12-31StrAtegies For Zoledronic Acid Post-dEnosumab Discontinuation in Postmenopausal oSTeoporosisResults expected Q4 2030
Recently completed
- 2026-07-16Effect of Anti-osteoporotic Medications on Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis of Women With Postmenopausal Osteoporosis and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseCompleted
- 2026-04-30Romosozumab Versus Denosumab in Patients With Glucocorticoid-induced Osteoporosis: a 2-year Extension Study of a Randomized Controlled TrialCompleted
- 2026-03-04Influence of Dermocorticoids on Bone Mineral Density in Patients With Bullous PemphigoidCompleted
- 2025-12-31The Optimal Long Term Treatment Strategy of Anti-resorptive MedicationsPrimary completion
- 2025-11-14The Optimal Sequential Therapy After Long Term Denosumab TreatmentCompleted
Other updates
- 2027-10-01A Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel-group, Active-controlled Study to Compare the Efficacy, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Safety, and Immunogenicity of MAB-22 Versus Prolia® Sourced From the European Union in Postmenopausal Women With OsteoporosisWithdrawn
- 2026-06-25Effervescent Calcium Magnesium Citrate to Prevent Mineral Metabolism and Renal Complications of Chronic Proton Pump Inhibitor TherapyWithdrawn
+5 more in the activity timeline below
Industry & MarketView all 6Hide
- 2026-06-10European Commission Approves CinnaGen’s Zandoriah® (teriparatide biosimilar) for Osteoporosis in AdultsRegulatory news · Fierce Pharma
- 2026-08-06A drug already used for osteoporosis blocked spinal damage in a new studyResearch news · Science Daily
- 2026-09-18Osteoporosis: Are Bone Density Targets Worth Chasing?Industry · Medscape Medical News
- 2026-09-11Osteoporosis affects millions: could modified cells rebuild their bones?Industry · Nature News
- 2026-07-08[Viewpoint] Goal-directed osteoporosis treatment: are bone mineral density targets valid?Industry · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology
+1 more in the activity timeline below
Regulatory UpdatesViewHide
- 2026-04-27Approval — TeriparatideTeriparatide is indicated in adults. Treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and in men at increased risk of fracture. In postmenopausal women, a significant reduction in the incidence of vertebral and non-vertebral fractures but not hip fractures has been demonstrated. Treatment of osteoporosis associated with sustained systemic glucocorticoid therapy in women and men at increased risk for fracture.
- 2025-11-17Approval — DenosumabTreatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and in men at increased risk of fractures. In postmenopausal women Kefdensis significantly reduces the risk of vertebral, non-vertebral and hip fractures.Treatment of bone loss associated with hormone ablation in men with prostate cancer at increased risk of fractures (see section 5.1). In men with prostate cancer receiving hormone ablation, Kefdensis significantly reduces the risk of vertebral fractures.Treatment of bone loss associated with long-term systemic glucocorticoid therapy in adult patients at increased risk of fracture (see section 5.1).
Activity timeline21
- 2027-10-01ClinicalA Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel-group, Active-controlled Study to Compare the Efficacy, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Safety, and Immunogenicity of MAB-22 Versus Prolia® Sourced From the European Union in Postmenopausal Women With OsteoporosisWithdrawn
- 2026-09-18IndustryOsteoporosis: Are Bone Density Targets Worth Chasing?Industry · Medscape Medical News
- 2026-09-11IndustryOsteoporosis affects millions: could modified cells rebuild their bones?Industry · Nature News
- 2026-09-09IndustryScientists find a bone-building switch that could fight osteoporosisIndustry · Science Daily
- 2026-08-06IndustryA drug already used for osteoporosis blocked spinal damage in a new studyResearch news · Science Daily
- 2026-07-16ClinicalEffect of Anti-osteoporotic Medications on Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis of Women With Postmenopausal Osteoporosis and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseCompleted
- 2026-07-08Industry[Viewpoint] Goal-directed osteoporosis treatment: are bone mineral density targets valid?Industry · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology
- 2026-07-02ClinicalThe Optimised Use of Romozosumab StudyResults expected Q3 2030
- 2026-06-25ClinicalEffervescent Calcium Magnesium Citrate to Prevent Mineral Metabolism and Renal Complications of Chronic Proton Pump Inhibitor TherapyWithdrawn
- 2026-06-23ClinicalEffects of Cycle Therapy With Romosozumab and Denosumab 2 Years vs 1 Year Romosozumab Followed by 1 Year Denosumab in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Patients-A Randomized Control TrialResults expected Q2 2029
Therapeutic landscape
Therapies with a regulatory footing for this condition, alongside the wider set of agents co-studied with it in the literature.
Approved & established therapies
Teriparatideapproved
Approval — Teriparatide is indicated in adults. Treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women an… (2026)
Denosumabapproved
Approval — Treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and in men at increased risk of fractur… (2025)
Research-associated treatments
Clinical trials
The current development programme across all trial phases.
Clinical programme
24
6
18
6
Late-stage studies
Recruiting
Recently completed
Regulatory timeline
Drug regulatory events matched to this condition by indication — EMA.
First approvals
2026emaApproval — Teriparatide· Teriparatide is indicated in adults. Treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and in men at increased risk of fracture. In postmenopausal women, a significant reduction in the incidence of vertebral and non-vertebral fractures but not hip fractures has been demonstrated. Treatment of osteoporosis associated with sustained systemic glucocorticoid therapy in women and men at increased risk for fracture. source ↗
2025emaApproval — Denosumab· Treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and in men at increased risk of fractures. In postmenopausal women Kefdensis significantly reduces the risk of vertebral, non-vertebral and hip fractures.Treatment of bone loss associated with hormone ablation in men with prostate cancer at increased risk of fractures (see section 5.1). In men with prostate cancer receiving hormone ablation, Kefdensis significantly reduces the risk of vertebral fractures.Treatment of bone loss associated with long-term systemic glucocorticoid therapy in adult patients at increased risk of fracture (see section 5.1). source ↗
2025emaApproval — Denosumab· Treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and in men at increased risk of fractures. In postmenopausal women denosumab significantly reduces the risk of vertebral, non-vertebral and hip fractures. Treatment of bone loss associated with hormone ablation in men with prostate cancer at increased risk of fractures (see section 5.1). In men with prostate cancer receiving hormone ablation, denosumab significantly reduces the risk of vertebral fractures. Treatment of bone loss associated with long-term systemic glucocorticoid therapy in adult patients at increased risk of fracture (see section 5.1). source ↗
2025emaApproval — Denosumab· Treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and in men at increased risk of fractures. In postmenopausal women, denosumab significantly reduces the risk of vertebral, non-vertebral and hip fractures.Treatment of bone loss associated with hormone ablation in men with prostate cancer at increased risk of fractures (see section 5.1). In men with prostate cancer receiving hormone ablation, Izamby significantly reduces the risk of vertebral fractures.Treatment of bone loss associated with long-term systemic glucocorticoid therapy in adult patients at increased risk of fracture (see section 5.1). source ↗
2025emaApproval — Denosumab· Treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and in men at increased risk of fractures. In postmenopausal women, denosumab significantly reduces the risk of vertebral, non-vertebral and hip fractures.Treatment of bone loss associated with hormone ablation in men with prostate cancer at increased risk of fractures (see section 5.1). In men with prostate cancer receiving hormone ablation, ZADENVI significantly reduces the risk of vertebral fractures.Treatment of bone loss associated with long-term systemic glucocorticoid therapy in adult patients at increased risk of fracture (see section 5.1). source ↗
2025emaApproval — Denosumab· Treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and in men at increased risk of fractures. In postmenopausal women Junod significantly reduces the risk of vertebral, non-vertebral and hip fractures.Treatment of bone loss associated with hormone ablation in men with prostate cancer at increased risk of fractures (see section 5.1). In men with prostate cancer receiving hormone ablation, Junod significantly reduces the risk of vertebral fractures.Treatment of bone loss associated with long-term systemic glucocorticoid therapy in adult patients at increased risk of fracture (see section 5.1). source ↗
2025emaApproval — Denosumab· Treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and in men at increased risk of fractures. In postmenopausal women denosumab significantly reduces the risk of vertebral, non-vertebral and hip fractures. Treatment of bone loss associated with hormone ablation in men with prostate cancer at increased risk of fractures (see section 5.1). In men with prostate cancer receiving hormone ablation, denosumab significantly reduces the risk of vertebral fractures. Treatment of bone loss associated with long-term systemic glucocorticoid therapy in adult patients at increased risk of fracture (see section 5.1). source ↗
2023emaApproval — Teriparatide· Kauliv is indicated in adults. Treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and in men at increased risk of fracture (see section 5.1). In postmenopausal women, a significant reduction in the incidence of vertebral and non-vertebral fractures but not hip fractures has been demonstrated. Treatment of osteoporosis associated with sustained systemic glucocorticoid therapy in women and men at increased risk for fracture (see section 5.1). source ↗
Safety updates
2024emaMarket withdrawal — Zoledronic acid· 4 mg / 5 ml and 4 mg / 100 ml: Prevention of skeletal-related events (pathological fractures, spinal compression, radiation or surgery to bone, or tumour-induced hypercalcaemia) in adult patients with advanced malignancies involving bone. Treatment of adult patients with tumour-induced hypercalcaemia (TIH). 5 mg / 100 ml: Treatment of osteoporosis: in post-menopausal women; in men; at increased risk of fracture, including those with a recent low-trauma hip fracture. Treatment of osteoporosis associated with long-term systemic glucocorticoid therapy: in post-menopausal women; in men; at increased risk of fracture. Treatment of Paget's disease of the bone in adults. source ↗
2020emaMarket withdrawal — Teriparatide· Qutavina is indicated in adults. Treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and in men at increased risk of fracture. In postmenopausal women, a significant reduction in the incidence of vertebral and non-vertebral fractures but not hip fractures have been demonstrated. Treatment of osteoporosis associated with sustained systemic glucocorticoid therapy in women and men at increased risk for fracture. source ↗
European Medicines Agency (CC BY 4.0). Events are matched to this condition by drug indication text — approvals/updates for drugs indicated for it, not disease-specific acts.
Research activity
Key research shaping understanding of this disease, combining the latest publications with the most influential evidence.
Publications over time
20002025
Most influential
Recent publications
Major themes8
- Osteoporosis14
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome5
- Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal4
- Osteoporotic Fractures3
- Bone Resorption2
- Osteogenesis2
- Apoptosis1
- Bibliometrics1
Leading journals6
- Archives of osteoporosis3
- Endocrine reviews2
- Frontiers in endocrinology2
- Gut microbes2
- International journal of molecular sciences2
- BioMed research international1
Leading researchers8
- Borgström F2
- Cooper C2
- Harvey NC2
- Kanis JA2
- Lorentzon M2
- McCloskey EV2
- Norton N2
- Adams LA1
Affiliations (unnormalised)6
- School of Medicine3
- Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases2
- Mary McKillop Institute for Health Research2
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre2
- University of Alabama at Birmingham2
- University of Southampton2
Associated genes
Genes associated with this disease in the canonical knowledge graph (Open Targets evidence). Number shows the association score.
Disease biology
Proteins whose encoding gene is associated with this disease, reached through the canonical gene→disease graph. Number shows the gene's association score.
Estrogen receptorvia ESR10.71Vitamin D3 receptorvia VDR0.61Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthasevia FDPS0.61Parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptorvia PTH1R0.61Estrogen receptor betavia ESR20.61Osteopontinvia SPP10.57Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11Avia TNFRSF11A0.53Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11Bvia TNFRSF11B0.47Aromatasevia CYP19A10.4226S proteasome complex subunit SEM1via SEM10.34Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1via AKR1A10.06
Related conditions
Diseases frequently studied alongside this one. Number shows shared papers.
Disease profile
A grounded synthesis of the condition — overview, causes, mechanism, risk factors and current standard of care.
Overview
Osteoporosis is a reduction in bone mass without a change in bone composition, which weakens the skeleton and leads to fractures. Primary osteoporosis is commonly described as postmenopausal osteoporosis or age-related (senile) osteoporosis.
Causes
Primary osteoporosis is associated with postmenopausal estrogen deficiency and with age-related bone loss. The grounding also supports a broader model in which derangements in bone cell birth and death, including osteoclast and osteoblast turnover, contribute to the disease.
Pathophysiology
The disease reflects impaired bone homeostasis, with reduced bone mass arising from imbalance in bone remodeling. The literature grounding links osteoporosis to altered osteoclast and osteoblast genesis and apoptosis, changes in bone density, and regulatory effects of cytokines, hormones, and signal transduction pathways.
Risk factors
Female sex characteristics and the menopausal transition are supported risk factors through estrogen deficiency. Aging is also a major risk factor, and the grounding additionally points to diet and gastrointestinal microbiome-related factors as areas studied in relation to osteoporosis.
Current standard of care
General management includes prevention, diagnosis, and therapy, with treatment described at the level of drug therapy and non-drug prevention and control. The grounding supports estrogen-based therapy as a relevant modality and broader osteoporosis treatment approaches aimed at preserving bone mass and reducing fracture risk.
AI-generated summary grounded in MeSH and 6 peer-reviewed sources. Informational only — not medical advice. Generated 2026-07-07.
Reference
Authoritative identity, definition & identifiers.
Defined in MeSH
Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.
Identifiers
References & data sources
- Disease identity & definition — NLM Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), public domain
- Clinical trials — ClinicalTrials.gov (U.S. National Library of Medicine)
- Research activity — Europe PMC (EMBL-EBI) + OpenAlex-derived paper links
- Related entities are derived from literature co-mention (studied together) — associative, not causal.