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Drug

Estrogens

In clinical development
Actively researchedLate-stage developmentSteady momentum

Also known as Estrogen receptor agonist, Estrogen.

RxNorm4100
34
Research papers
4
Active clinical trials
Latest activity
beta

Recent clinical, regulatory, research and industry developments relating to this drug.

Impact of FSH and Estradiol on Sympathetic Function in Menopausal Women

Clinical trial2026-03-27Results expected Q2 2030 · ClinicalTrials.gov

GRACE-trial: a Randomized Active-controlled Trial for vulvovaGinal atRophy in breAst Cancer Patients on Endocrine Therapy.

Clinical trial2026-03-02Primary completion · ClinicalTrials.gov

A Real-World Study Comparing the Efficacy of Different Treatment Regimens for Early Missed Abortion

Clinical trial2026-02-20Results expected Q1 2030 · ClinicalTrials.gov

Early Neurovascular Adaptations in Aging Women

Clinical trial2025-11-26Results expected Q2 2027 · ClinicalTrials.gov

The Impact of Estrogen Deficiency on Liver Metabolism: Implications for Hormone Replacement Therapy.

Research2025-11-01Endocrine reviews

Hormone Replacement Therapy and Cardiovascular Health in Postmenopausal Women.

Research2025-05-24International journal of molecular sciences

The Multifactorial Pathogenesis of Endometriosis: A Narrative Review Integrating Hormonal, Immune, and Microbiome Aspects.

Research2025-04-27Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)

Estrogen-dependent activation of TRX2 reverses oxidative stress and metabolic dysfunction associated with steatotic disease.

Research2025-01-31Cell death & disease

Immune dynamics throughout life in relation to sex hormones and perspectives gained from gender-affirming hormone therapy.

Research2025-01-16Frontiers in immunology

The Estrogen-Immune Interface in Endometriosis.

Research2025-01-06Cells

Associations Among Estrogens, the Gut Microbiome and Osteoporosis.

Research2024-11-25Current osteoporosis reports

Estrogens and breast cancer.

Research2024-11-08Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology

Profile

Identifiers & mechanism

Canonical identifiers, marketed brand names and mechanism, resolved across RxNorm, ChEMBL and ATC.

Canonical name
Estrogens
Aliases & brands
Estrogen receptor agonistEstrogen
RxNorm CUI
4100

Clinical trials

37 trials

The current development programme across all trial phases — status mix, phase distribution and the late-stage studies shaping the evidence base.

Development programme
CLINICALTRIALS.GOV · LIVE REGISTRY
37
registered trials across all phases
LATEST COMPLETION 2023
4
Active studies
3
Recruiting
29
Late-stage (III+)
25
Completed
8
Discontinued
PHASE DISTRIBUTIONn = 37
Early Phase 11Phase 11Phase 1 / 21Phase 25Phase 312Phase 46Phase N / A11

Late-stage studies

Phase III+ trials still open or recently active — where late-stage evidence is being generated.

Impact of FSH and Estradiol on Sympathetic Function in Menopausal Women

Not yet recruitingPH IVUniversity of Delawaren=802030

GRACE-trial: a Randomized Active-controlled Trial for vulvovaGinal atRophy in breAst Cancer Patients on Endocrine Therapy.

Active, not recruitingPH IVUniversity Hospital, Ghentn=1602027

Comparison of Clinical Pregnancy Rates Between Two Protocols, With or Without Low Molecular Weight Heparin Administration Before Frozen Embryo Transfer in Hormonal Replacement Cycles: a Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial

Unknown statusPH IVNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical Universityn=3422017

Multi-site, Randomized, Opened and Controlled Comparison Study on the Effectiveness and Safety of Solifenacin Succinate Tablets and Solifenacin Succinate Tablets + Estrogen for Overactive Bladder in the Post-menopausal Women

CompletedPH IVPeking Union Medical College Hospitaln=2002013

Chronic Effects of Estrogen in Microcirculation and Insulin Resistance in Postmenopausal Obese Women

CompletedPH IVRio de Janeiro State Universityn=442013

Recent completions

Trials that read out recently, adding to the completed evidence base.

Interest of Estrogen Scheduling Before Ovarian Stimulation With Corifollitropin Alfa in Women Older Than 38 Years Old Undergoing in Vitro Fertilization

CompletedPH IIICentre Hospitalier Intercommunal Creteiln=3342023

Metabolic Effects of Androgenicity in Aging Men and Women

CompletedN/AVA Office of Research and Developmentn=332016

Evaluation of Fractional CO2 Laser Treatment Efficacy and Comparison to Vaginal Estrogen Therapy in Postmenopausal Women With Vulvovaginal Atrophy

CompletedPH IIIFaculdade de Medicina do ABCn=452015

Multi-site, Randomized, Opened and Controlled Comparison Study on the Effectiveness and Safety of Solifenacin Succinate Tablets and Solifenacin Succinate Tablets + Estrogen for Overactive Bladder in the Post-menopausal Women

CompletedPH IVPeking Union Medical College Hospitaln=2002013

Chronic Effects of Estrogen in Microcirculation and Insulin Resistance in Postmenopausal Obese Women

CompletedPH IVRio de Janeiro State Universityn=442013

Sex Steroids, Sleep, and Metabolic Dysfunction in Women

CompletedN/AWashington University School of Medicinen=612013

Research activity

34 papers

Key research shaping understanding of this drug, combining the latest publications with the most influential evidence.

Publications over time
19952025
Most influential

Enrichment map: a network-based method for gene-set enrichment visualization and interpretation.

PloS one · 2010 · 1,828 cites

Testicular dysgenesis syndrome: an increasingly common developmental disorder with environmental aspects.

Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2001 · 1,444 cites

The E-SCREEN assay as a tool to identify estrogens: an update on estrogenic environmental pollutants.

Environmental health perspectives · 1995 · 837 cites

Estrogen replacement therapy for treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: a randomized controlled trial. Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study.

JAMA · 2000 · 581 cites

Osteoporosis Due to Hormone Imbalance: An Overview of the Effects of Estrogen Deficiency and Glucocorticoid Overuse on Bone Turnover.

International journal of molecular sciences · 2022 · 375 cites

Menopause-Associated Lipid Metabolic Disorders and Foods Beneficial for Postmenopausal Women.

Nutrients · 2020 · 291 cites
Recent papers

Estrogens and breast cancer.

Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · 2025 · 47 cites

The Impact of Estrogen Deficiency on Liver Metabolism: Implications for Hormone Replacement Therapy.

Endocrine reviews · 2025 · 24 cites

The Estrogen-Immune Interface in Endometriosis.

Cells · 2025 · 20 cites

Estrogen-dependent activation of TRX2 reverses oxidative stress and metabolic dysfunction associated with steatotic disease.

Cell death & disease · 2025 · 16 cites

Hormone Replacement Therapy and Cardiovascular Health in Postmenopausal Women.

International journal of molecular sciences · 2025 · 10 cites

The Multifactorial Pathogenesis of Endometriosis: A Narrative Review Integrating Hormonal, Immune, and Microbiome Aspects.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025 · 7 cites
Major research themes8
Estrogens9Breast Neoplasms4Gastrointestinal Microbiome4Endometriosis3Estrogen Replacement Therapy3Hormone Replacement Therapy3Cardiovascular System2Fatty Liver2
Journals, researchers & institutions
Top journals
  • International journal of molecular sciences5
  • Frontiers in endocrinology2
  • Frontiers in immunology2
  • Journal of neuroinflammation2
  • Annals of internal medicine1
  • Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology1
Leading researchers
  • Abdi HI1
  • Ajila T1
  • Allison KH1
  • Amirkhanova A1
  • Andy C1
  • Anthony M1
  • Ayhan A1
  • Bacci M1
Leading institutions
free-text, unnormalised
  • School of Medicine2
  • "Almaty City Hospital No. 29" Communal State Enterprise on the Right of Economic Management1
  • Albert Einstein College of Medicine1
  • American Society of Clinical Oncology1
  • Ankara Etlik City Hospital1
  • BioFrontiers Institute1

Related diseases

8 conditions

Regulator-approved indications and conditions co-mentioned with this drug across the research literature. Number shows shared papers.

Related drugs

8 matches

Drugs sharing diseases, protein targets and literature with this one. Ranked by graph evidence (shared targets + diseases weighted above co-mentions).

Vitamin D

Studied across 14 of the same disease areas as Estrogens in the shared literature.

14 shared diseases1 shared paper
Testosterone

Studied across 11 of the same disease areas as Estrogens in the shared literature.

11 shared diseases1 shared paper
Metformin

Studied across 10 of the same disease areas as Estrogens in the shared literature.

10 shared diseases1 shared paper
Dehydroepiandrosterone

Studied across 5 of the same disease areas as Estrogens in the shared literature.

5 shared diseases1 shared paper
Progesterone

Studied across 4 of the same disease areas as Estrogens in the shared literature.

4 shared diseases1 shared paper
Tamoxifen

Studied across 4 of the same disease areas as Estrogens in the shared literature.

4 shared diseases1 shared paper
Growth Hormone

Studied across 3 of the same disease areas as Estrogens in the shared literature.

3 shared diseases1 shared paper
Ospemifene

Studied across 3 of the same disease areas as Estrogens in the shared literature.

3 shared diseases1 shared paper
References & data sources
  • RxNorm (U.S. National Library of Medicine) — drug identity
  • Europe PMC — research literature
  • ClinicalTrials.gov — clinical trials