Drug

Chloroquine

In clinical development

Emerging researchLate-stage developmentRising momentum

Also known as Chlorochin, Chloroquinium, Cloroquina, Chloraquine+6 more

Chlorochin, Chloroquinium, Cloroquina, Chloraquine, Chloroquina, Aralen Hydrochloride, Aralen Phosphate, Chloroquine Phosphate, Chloroquinum, N4-(7-chloro-4-quinolinyl)-N1,N1-diethyl-1,4-pentanediamine.

RxNorm2393 ChEMBLCHEMBL76 ATCP01BA01UNII886U3H6UFF

Research papers

Active clinical trials

Latest activity

beta

Recent clinical, regulatory, research and industry developments relating to this drug.

Utilization of a Cutaneous Therapy In Situ Microdevice

Clinical trial2026-06-03Results expected Q2 2030 · ClinicalTrials.gov

A Randomized, Open-label, Multi-center, Interventional Phase 3 Study of the Efficacy and. Safety of Tafenoquine Compared to Primaquine (Both Co-administered With Chloroquine) for the Radical Cure (Relapse Prevention) of Plasmodium Vivax (P. Vivax) Malaria in Indian Participants (Pediatric and Adult Population)

Clinical trial2026-05-25Primary completion · ClinicalTrials.gov

Evaluating Tafenoquine Combinations for Improved Radical Cure Efficacy of Plasmodium Vivax

Clinical trial2026-04-16Results expected Q4 2028 · ClinicalTrials.gov

An Open-label, Phase I Trial With Expansion Cohort of Nab-Paclitaxel + Gemcitabine + Cisplatin + Botensilimab (AGEN1811) + Balsilimab (AGEN2034) + Chloroquine + Celecoxib in Patients With Previously Untreated Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer

Clinical trial2025-12-22Terminated · ClinicalTrials.gov

Preventing Malaria in School Children to Protect the Whole Community in Rural Blantyre District, Malawi

Clinical trial2025-07-31Primary completion · ClinicalTrials.gov

Structure-guided design of endosomolytic chloroquine-like lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery and genome editing.

Research2025-05-07Nature communications

Optimizing the Dose of Tafenoquine for the Radical Cure of Plasmodium Vivax Malaria in Southeast Asia

Clinical trial2025-03-06Results expected Q4 2027 · ClinicalTrials.gov

Treatment of Adults with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma with Partial Brain Radiation Therapy Plus Temozolomide and Chloroquine Followed by Tumor Treating Fields Plus Temozolomide and Chloroquine -- a Pilot Study

Clinical trial2024-05-14Terminated · ClinicalTrials.gov

A Study to Assess Safety of Current Standard Malaria Treatment and an Assessment of Glucose-6-dehydrogenase Status in South-east Bangladesh

Clinical trial2024-03-13Results posted · ClinicalTrials.gov

Cardiovascular manifestations and treatment considerations in COVID-19.

Research2020-04-30Heart (British Cardiac Society)

New insights on the antiviral effects of chloroquine against coronavirus: what to expect for COVID-19?

Research2020-03-12International journal of antimicrobial agents

Chloroquine modulates antitumor immune response by resetting tumor-associated macrophages toward M1 phenotype.

Research2018-02-28Nature communications

Profile

Identifiers & mechanism

Canonical identifiers, marketed brand names and mechanism, resolved across RxNorm, ChEMBL and ATC.

Canonical name

Chloroquine

Aliases & brands

ChlorochinChloroquiniumCloroquinaChloraquineChloroquinaAralen HydrochlorideAralen PhosphateChloroquine PhosphateChloroquinumN4-(7-chloro-4-quinolinyl)-N1,N1-diethyl-1,4-pentanediamine

RxNorm CUI

2393

ChEMBL ID

CHEMBL76

ATC codes

P01BA01

UNII

886U3H6UFF

Clinical trials

103 trials

The current development programme across all trial phases — status mix, phase distribution and the late-stage studies shaping the evidence base.

Development programme

CLINICALTRIALS.GOV · LIVE REGISTRY

103

registered trials across all phases

LATEST COMPLETION 2023

Active studies

Recruiting

Late-stage (III+)

Completed

Discontinued

PHASE DISTRIBUTIONn = 103

Phase 118Phase 1 / 22Phase 220Phase 2 / 36Phase 319Phase 427Phase N / A11

Late-stage studies

Phase III+ trials still open or recently active — where late-stage evidence is being generated.

Utilization of a Cutaneous Therapy In Situ Microdevice

Not yet recruitingPH IVUniversity of California, San Franciscon=102030

Optimizing the Dose of Tafenoquine for the Radical Cure of Plasmodium Vivax Malaria in Southeast Asia

RecruitingPH IVUniversity of Oxfordn=7002028

Preventing Malaria in School Children to Protect the Whole Community in Rural Blantyre District, Malawi

Active, not recruitingPH IVKey trialLiverpool School of Tropical Medicinen=1,0002026

Clinical Trial to Evaluate Intermittent Screening and Treatment and Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria in Asymptomatic Schoolchildren to Decrease P. Falciparum Infection and Transmission: Phase 2 Comparing Drug Regimens

CompletedPH IVUniversity of Maryland, Baltimoren=6462023

Monitoring Therapeutic Efficacy of Chloroquine Plus Primaquine in the Treatment of Uncomplicated Plasmodium Vivax Based on Clinical, Parasitologic and Hematologic Parameters in Shecha Health Center: Open Label Clinical Trial

CompletedPH IVDinka Dugassan=1002023

Recent completions

Trials that read out recently, adding to the completed evidence base.

CompletedPH IVUniversity of Maryland, Baltimoren=6462023

Safety and Efficacy of Different Regimens of Primaquine on Vivax Malaria Treatment in Glucose 6-phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficient Patients

CompletedPH IIFundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Douradon=1062023

CompletedPH IVDinka Dugassan=1002023

Clinical Trial to Evaluate Intermittent Screening and Treatment and Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria in Asymptomatic Schoolchildren to Decrease P. Falciparum Infection and Transmission

CompletedPH IVUniversity of Maryland, Baltimoren=7462022

Prophylaxis With Chloroquine in Health Personnel Exposed to Infection With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

CompletedPH IIFundacion Clinica Valle del Lilin=3,2172021

Sanaria PfSPZ Challenge With Pyrimethamine or Chloroquine Chemoprophylaxis Vaccination (PfSPZ-CVac Approach): A Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Phase I/II Trial to Determine Safety and Protective Efficacy Against Natural Plasmodium Falciparum Infection in Bancoumana and Surrounding Areas, Mali

CompletedPH I/IINational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)n=2522021

Research activity

6 papers

Key research shaping understanding of this drug, combining the latest publications with the most influential evidence.

Publications over time

20112025

Most influential

New insights on the antiviral effects of chloroquine against coronavirus: what to expect for COVID-19?

International journal of antimicrobial agents · 2020 · 604 cites

Chloroquine modulates antitumor immune response by resetting tumor-associated macrophages toward M1 phenotype.

Nature communications · 2018 · 369 cites

Cardiovascular manifestations and treatment considerations in COVID-19.

Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2020 · 266 cites

Pyronaridine-artesunate versus chloroquine in patients with acute Plasmodium vivax malaria: a randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority trial.

PloS one · 2011 · 68 cites

Induction of the Vitamin D Receptor Attenuates Autophagy Dysfunction-Mediated Cell Death Following Traumatic Brain Injury.

Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology · 2017 · 29 cites

Structure-guided design of endosomolytic chloroquine-like lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery and genome editing.

Nature communications · 2025 · 7 cites

Related diseases

3 conditions

Regulator-approved indications and conditions co-mentioned with this drug across the research literature. Number shows shared papers.

Active research areas

Coronavirus Infections2 COVID-192 Pneumonia, Viral2

Related drugs

4 matches

Drugs sharing diseases, protein targets and literature with this one. Ranked by graph evidence (shared targets + diseases weighted above co-mentions).

Hydroxychloroquine

Studied across 10 of the same disease areas as Chloroquine in the shared literature.

10 shared diseases1 shared paper

Azithromycin

Studied across 9 of the same disease areas as Chloroquine in the shared literature.

9 shared diseases1 shared paper

Calcitriol

Studied across 2 of the same disease areas as Chloroquine in the shared literature.

2 shared diseases1 shared paper

Liposomes

Studied across the same disease area as Chloroquine in the shared literature.

1 shared disease1 shared paper

References & data sources

RxNorm (U.S. National Library of Medicine) — drug identity
ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI) & UniProt — pharmacology and targets
Europe PMC — research literature
ClinicalTrials.gov — clinical trials