Drug

Hydroxychloroquine

In clinical development

Emerging researchLate-stage developmentCooling momentum

Also known as 2-((4-((7-chloro-4-quinolyl)amino)pentyl)ethylamino)ethanol, 2-(N-(4-(7-chlor-4-chinolylamino)-4-methylbutyl)ethylamino)ethanol, 7-chloro-4-(4-(ethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-1-methylbutylamino)quinoline, Hidroxicloroquina+9 more

2-((4-((7-chloro-4-quinolyl)amino)pentyl)ethylamino)ethanol, 2-(N-(4-(7-chlor-4-chinolylamino)-4-methylbutyl)ethylamino)ethanol, 7-chloro-4-(4-(ethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-1-methylbutylamino)quinoline, Hidroxicloroquina, Oxichlorochine, Oxichloroquine, Plaquenil, Quineprox, Sovuna, (±)-hydroxychloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate, Hydroxychloroquinum, Plaquenil Sulfate.

RxNorm5521 ChEMBLCHEMBL1535 ATCP01BA02UNII4QWG6N8QKH

Research papers

Active clinical trials

Latest activity

beta

Recent clinical, regulatory, research and industry developments relating to this drug.

LIMIT Melanoma: (Lysosomal Inhibition + Melanoma ImmunoTherapy) A Phase 1/2 Open Label Trial of Nivolumab and Hydroxychloroquine or Nivolumab/Ipilimumab and Hydroxychloroquine in Patients With Advanced Melanoma

Clinical trial2026-07-31Primary completion · ClinicalTrials.gov

Efficacy and Safety of Rituximab Combining With Low-Dose Mycophenolate Mofetil in the Induction Therapy of Proliferative Lupus Nephritis in Children

Clinical trial2026-06-30Results expected Q4 2028 · ClinicalTrials.gov

CLEVER Pilot Trial: A Phase II Pilot Trial of HydroxyChLoroquine, EVErolimus or the Combination for Prevention of Recurrent Breast Cancer

Clinical trial2026-06-29Results posted · ClinicalTrials.gov

A Phase II Study of 5-FU, Irinotecan, Bevacizumab and Hydroxychloroquine in Drug-Tolerant Persister (DTP)-Selected Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Clinical trial2026-06-22Results expected Q4 2026 · ClinicalTrials.gov

Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis With Disease-modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs): Predictors of Response

Clinical trial2026-06-17Results expected Q1 2028 · ClinicalTrials.gov

Hydroxychloroquine as an Adjunct Therapy in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes in Pregnancy: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Clinical trial2026-06-01Primary completion · ClinicalTrials.gov

A Multicentre, Randomised, Double-blind, Positive-control Clinical Trial Evaluating Dihydroartemisinin Tablets for the Treatment of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus

Clinical trial2026-04-30Results expected Q3 2028 · ClinicalTrials.gov

Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy

Clinical trial2026-04-21Results expected Q3 2028 · ClinicalTrials.gov

Rapamycin extenuates experimental colitis by modulating the gut microbiota.

Research2023-11-02Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology

Hydroxychloroquine as Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Healthcare Workers: A Randomized Trial.

Research2021-06-01Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

Safety of Hydroxychloroquine Among Outpatient Clinical Trial Participants for COVID-19.

Research2020-10-19Open forum infectious diseases

Risk of QT Interval Prolongation Associated With Use of Hydroxychloroquine With or Without Concomitant Azithromycin Among Hospitalized Patients Testing Positive for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Research2020-09-01JAMA cardiology

Profile

Identifiers & mechanism

Canonical identifiers, marketed brand names and mechanism, resolved across RxNorm, ChEMBL and ATC.

Canonical name

Hydroxychloroquine

Aliases & brands

2-((4-((7-chloro-4-quinolyl)amino)pentyl)ethylamino)ethanol2-(N-(4-(7-chlor-4-chinolylamino)-4-methylbutyl)ethylamino)ethanol7-chloro-4-(4-(ethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-1-methylbutylamino)quinolineHidroxicloroquinaOxichlorochineOxichloroquinePlaquenilQuineproxSovuna(±)-hydroxychloroquineHydroxychloroquine SulfateHydroxychloroquinumPlaquenil Sulfate

RxNorm CUI

5521

ChEMBL ID

CHEMBL1535

ATC codes

P01BA02

UNII

4QWG6N8QKH

Clinical trials

198 trials

The current development programme across all trial phases — status mix, phase distribution and the late-stage studies shaping the evidence base.

Development programme

CLINICALTRIALS.GOV · LIVE REGISTRY

198

registered trials across all phases

LATEST COMPLETION 2026

Active studies

Recruiting

100

Late-stage (III+)

Completed

Discontinued

PHASE DISTRIBUTIONn = 198

Early Phase 16Phase 119Phase 1 / 218Phase 255Phase 2 / 39Phase 344Phase 425Phase N / A22

Late-stage studies

Phase III+ trials still open or recently active — where late-stage evidence is being generated.

A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effect of Hydroxychloroquine in Mild Graves' Orbitopathy

RecruitingPH IVNational Taiwan University Hospitaln=1082026

The Efficacy and Safety of Iguratimod (IGU) in the Treatment of Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: a Multi-center, Prospective, Open Study

RecruitingPH IVSecond Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang Universityn=782025

Norwegian Coronavirus Disease 2019 Study: An Open Labeled Randomized Controlled Pragmatic Trial to Evaluate the Antiviral Effect of Chloroquine in Adult Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Unknown statusPH IVUniversity Hospital, Akershusn=532025

Proteomics Combined With Metabolomics Studies on the Efficacy of Telitacicept in Chinese Patients of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Unknown statusPH IVFen Lin=302024

A Multicenter, Double-blind, Randomized and Parallel Controlled Study of Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate in the Treatment of Recurrent Miscarriage With Antiphospholipid Syndrome

Unknown statusPH IVShanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospitaln=3842023

Recent completions

Trials that read out recently, adding to the completed evidence base.

Binimetinib Plus Hydroxychloroquine in KRAS Mutant Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer

CompletedPH IM.D. Anderson Cancer Centern=342026

A Multicenter, Open-label, ExploRatory Platform Trial to EValuate ImmunOtherapy Combinations With Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Patients With PreviousLy UnTreated MetastatIc Pancreatic AdenOcarciNoma (REVOLUTION)

CompletedPH ICancer Insight, LLCn=452025

Modulation of Sorafenib Induced Autophagy Using Hydroxychloroquine in Hepatocellular Cancer

CompletedPH IIThe University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonion=642025

A Multi-center, Prospective, Open-label, Randomized Study to Explore Efficacy and Safety of Baricitinib in Active Primary Sjogren's Syndrome Patients

CompletedPH IIPeking Union Medical College Hospitaln=872024

Study of Anti-Malarials in Incomplete Lupus Erythematosus

CompletedPH IIMilton S. Hershey Medical Centern=1872024

Phase I/II Safety and Efficacy Study of Autophagy Inhibition With Hydroxychloroquine to Augment the Antiproliferative and Biological Effects of Pre-Operative Palbociclib Plus Letrozole for Estrogen Receptor-Positive and HER2-Negative Breast Cancer

CompletedPH I/IIM.D. Anderson Cancer Centern=152024

Research activity

10 papers

Key research shaping understanding of this drug, combining the latest publications with the most influential evidence.

Publications over time

20142023

Most influential

A Randomized Trial of Hydroxychloroquine as Postexposure Prophylaxis for Covid-19.

The New England journal of medicine · 2020 · 921 cites

Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: The Current Evidence and Treatment Strategies.

Frontiers in immunology · 2020 · 756 cites

JAMA cardiology · 2020 · 465 cites

Hydroxychloroquine in Nonhospitalized Adults With Early COVID-19 : A Randomized Trial.

Annals of internal medicine · 2020 · 382 cites

Phase II and pharmacodynamic study of autophagy inhibition using hydroxychloroquine in patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

The oncologist · 2014 · 316 cites

Cardiovascular manifestations and treatment considerations in COVID-19.

Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2020 · 266 cites

Related diseases

3 conditions

Regulator-approved indications and conditions co-mentioned with this drug across the research literature. Number shows shared papers.

Active research areas

Coronavirus Infections4 COVID-194 Pneumonia, Viral4

Related drugs

7 matches

Drugs sharing diseases, protein targets and literature with this one. Ranked by graph evidence (shared targets + diseases weighted above co-mentions).

Azithromycin

Studied across 10 of the same disease areas as Hydroxychloroquine in the shared literature.

10 shared diseases3 shared papers

Chloroquine

Studied across 10 of the same disease areas as Hydroxychloroquine in the shared literature.

10 shared diseases1 shared paper

Quercetin

Studied across 4 of the same disease areas as Hydroxychloroquine in the shared literature.

4 shared diseases1 shared paper

Sirolimus

Studied across 4 of the same disease areas as Hydroxychloroquine in the shared literature.

4 shared diseases1 shared paper

Tocilizumab

Studied across 4 of the same disease areas as Hydroxychloroquine in the shared literature.

4 shared diseases1 shared paper

Artesunate

Studied across 3 of the same disease areas as Hydroxychloroquine in the shared literature.

3 shared diseases1 shared paper

Dextran Sulfate

Studied across 3 of the same disease areas as Hydroxychloroquine in the shared literature.

3 shared diseases1 shared paper

References & data sources

RxNorm (U.S. National Library of Medicine) — drug identity
ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI) & UniProt — pharmacology and targets
Europe PMC — research literature
ClinicalTrials.gov — clinical trials