Drug

Triiodothyronine

In clinical development

ClassThyroid hormone receptor agonistEmerging researchLate-stage developmentRising momentum

Also known as Cytomel, L-T3, LIOTHYRONINE, LT3+15 more

Cytomel, L-T3, LIOTHYRONINE, LT3, Liomny, Liothyroninum, Liotironina, T3, T3 - triiodothyronine, Thyrolar, Triostat, 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine, 3,5,3' triiodothyronine, 3,5,3'-Triiodo-L-thyronine, 3,5,3'-Triiodothyronine, 4-(4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodo-L-phenylalanine, L-3,5,3'-Triiodothyronine, Liothyronine Sodium, O-(4-hydroxy-3-iodophenyl)-3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine.

RxNorm10814 ChEMBLCHEMBL1544UNII06LU7C9H1V

Research papers

Active clinical trials

Protein targets

Latest activity

beta

Recent clinical, regulatory, research and industry developments relating to this drug.

PNOC044: Liothyronine (L-T3) in Combination With Bevacizumab, Irinotecan and Temozolomide (BIT) for Progressive or Relapsed Medulloblastoma (Cohort 1) or as Monotherapy for Medulloblastoma With Minimal Residual Disease (Cohort 2)

Clinical trial2026-06-01Results expected Q1 2031 · ClinicalTrials.gov

Impact of Medically Supervised Performance-Enhancing Substances (PES) on Elite Athletes: A Hybrid Design in a Real-World Setting

Clinical trial2026-05-06Results expected Q2 2028 · ClinicalTrials.gov

T4/T3 Therapy in Hypothyroidism

Clinical trial2026-04-21Results expected Q2 2027 · ClinicalTrials.gov

Phase 2 Study of Intraventricular Omburtamab-based Radioimmunotherapy for Pediatric Patients With Recurrent Medulloblastoma and Ependymoma

Clinical trial2026-03-31Primary completion · ClinicalTrials.gov

A National Randomized Placebo-controlled Double-blind Multicenter Trial of LT4/LT3 Combination Therapy in Patients with Autoimmune Hypothyroidism: the T3-4-Hypo Trial.

Clinical trial2025-02-26Results expected Q1 2028 · ClinicalTrials.gov

Developing Oral LT3 Therapy For Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction

Clinical trial2025-01-08Results posted · ClinicalTrials.gov

Developing Oral LT3 Therapy For Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction

Clinical trial2024-12-24Results posted · ClinicalTrials.gov

Prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism and longitudinal thyroid-stimulating hormone changes in youth with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: An observational study.

Research2024-09-18Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)

Thyroid Hormone Homeostasis in Levothyroxine-treated Patients: Findings From ELSA-Brasil.

Research2024-09-01The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

Energy Metabolism in Thyroidectomized Patients

Clinical trial2024-06-14Results posted · ClinicalTrials.gov

Multi-trait analysis characterizes the genetics of thyroid function and identifies causal associations with clinical implications.

Research2024-01-30Nature communications

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone and Thyroid Hormones (Triiodothyronine and Thyroxine): An American Thyroid Association-Commissioned Review of Current Clinical and Laboratory Status.

Research2023-09-01Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association

Profile

Identifiers & mechanism

Canonical identifiers, marketed brand names and mechanism, resolved across RxNorm, ChEMBL and ATC.

Canonical name

Triiodothyronine

Aliases & brands

CytomelL-T3LIOTHYRONINELT3LiomnyLiothyroninumLiotironinaT3T3 - triiodothyronineThyrolarTriostat3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine3,5,3' triiodothyronine3,5,3'-Triiodo-L-thyronine3,5,3'-Triiodothyronine4-(4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodo-L-phenylalanineL-3,5,3'-TriiodothyronineLiothyronine SodiumO-(4-hydroxy-3-iodophenyl)-3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine

RxNorm CUI

10814

ChEMBL ID

CHEMBL1544

UNII

06LU7C9H1V

Primary mechanism

Thyroid hormone receptor agonist

Pharmacology & targets

2 targets

Known molecular targets and mechanisms supported by curated pharmacology databases.

Thyroid hormone receptor beta

THRB · P10828

AGONISTThyroid hormone receptor agonist

Thyroid hormone receptor alpha

THRA · P10827

AGONISTThyroid hormone receptor agonist

Clinical trials

36 trials

The current development programme across all trial phases — status mix, phase distribution and the late-stage studies shaping the evidence base.

Development programme

CLINICALTRIALS.GOV · LIVE REGISTRY

registered trials across all phases

LATEST COMPLETION 2023

Active studies

Recruiting

Late-stage (III+)

Completed

Discontinued

PHASE DISTRIBUTIONn = 36

Early Phase 11Phase 15Phase 1 / 24Phase 29Phase 2 / 31Phase 34Phase 44Phase N / A8

Late-stage studies

Phase III+ trials still open or recently active — where late-stage evidence is being generated.

Effect of T4-T3 Combination Therapy Versus T4 Monotherapy in Patients With Hypothyroidism,a Double Blind Randomized Cross-Over Study.

CompletedPH IVCopenhagen University Hospital at Herlevn=592007

Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression

CompletedPH IVKey trialNational Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)n=4,0002006

A Pilot Study of Treatment for Refractory Depression With Sequential Trials of Tranylcypromine, Tranylcypromine Plus Dextroamphetamine, Tranylcypromine Plus Triiodothyronine.

TerminatedPH IVNew York State Psychiatric Instituten=312006

Thyroid Axis in Major Depression

CompletedPH IVEmory Universityn=1532003

A National Randomized Placebo-controlled Double-blind Multicenter Trial of LT4/LT3 Combination Therapy in Patients with Autoimmune Hypothyroidism: the T3-4-Hypo Trial.

RecruitingPH IIIM. Medicin=6002028

Recent completions

Trials that read out recently, adding to the completed evidence base.

Developing Oral LT3 Therapy For Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction

CompletedPH I/IIUniversity of Pennsylvanian=282023

Developing Oral LT3 Therapy For Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction

CompletedPH I/IIUniversity of Pennsylvanian=282023

Triiodothyronine Hormone Supplementation Therapy in Patients With Septic Shock With Euthyroid Sick Syndrome

CompletedPH IICantonal Hospital Zenican=1082023

Energy Metabolism in Thyroidectomized Patients

CompletedPH IIVirginia Commonwealth Universityn=132023

Combined Replacement Therapy With Levothyroxine and Liothyronine in Thyroidectomized Patients: Effects on Peripheral Tissues. A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled, Double-blind Study

CompletedPH II/IIIAzienda USL Modenan=1602022

A Randomized Crossover Study, Examining Differential Effects of Levothyroxine and Liothyronine

CompletedPH IIOslo University Hospitaln=692020

Research activity

6 papers

Key research shaping understanding of this drug, combining the latest publications with the most influential evidence.

Publications over time

20102025

Most influential

Molecular aspects of thyroid hormone actions.

Endocrine reviews · 2010 · 910 cites

Thyroid-Gut-Axis: How Does the Microbiota Influence Thyroid Function?

Nutrients · 2020 · 214 cites

Multi-trait analysis characterizes the genetics of thyroid function and identifies causal associations with clinical implications.

Nature communications · 2024 · 62 cites

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone and Thyroid Hormones (Triiodothyronine and Thyroxine): An American Thyroid Association-Commissioned Review of Current Clinical and Laboratory Status.

Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2023 · 43 cites

Thyroid Hormone Homeostasis in Levothyroxine-treated Patients: Findings From ELSA-Brasil.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024 · 13 cites

Prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism and longitudinal thyroid-stimulating hormone changes in youth with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: An observational study.

Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2025 · 10 cites

Related diseases

1 conditions

Regulator-approved indications and conditions co-mentioned with this drug across the research literature. Number shows shared papers.

Active research areas

Hypothyroidism2

Related drugs

4 matches

Drugs sharing diseases, protein targets and literature with this one. Ranked by graph evidence (shared targets + diseases weighted above co-mentions).

Thyrotropin

Studied across 8 of the same disease areas as Triiodothyronine in the shared literature.

8 shared diseases5 shared papers

Vitamin D

Studied across 7 of the same disease areas as Triiodothyronine in the shared literature.

7 shared diseases1 shared paper

Iodine

Studied across 6 of the same disease areas as Triiodothyronine in the shared literature.

6 shared diseases1 shared paper

Thyroxine

Studied across 2 of the same disease areas as Triiodothyronine in the shared literature.

2 shared diseases4 shared papers

References & data sources

RxNorm (U.S. National Library of Medicine) — drug identity
ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI) & UniProt — pharmacology and targets
Europe PMC — research literature
ClinicalTrials.gov — clinical trials