Osteosarcoma
Recent clinical, regulatory, research and industry developments relating to this disease.
Advances on immunotherapy for osteosarcoma.
Circulating immune cells and risk of osteosarcoma: a Mendelian randomization analysis.
Children's Oncology Group's 2023 blueprint for research: Bone tumors.
Chitinase-3 like-protein-1 function and its role in diseases.
Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Osteosarcoma: From Mechanisms to Therapy.
The Osteosarcoma Microenvironment: A Complex But Targetable Ecosystem.
Immuno-genomic landscape of osteosarcoma.
What's happening now
An analyst briefing on current research, clinical, regulatory and industry activity surrounding this disease.
- 5 clinical trials expected to report results, the earliest in Q3 2026.
- Q3 2026A Randomized, Controlled, Open-label, Multicenter Phase III Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of HS-20093 for Injection Versus Gemcitabine in Combination With Docetaxel in the Treatment of Osteosarcoma After Previous Second-line Treatment Failure (ARTEMIS-011)
- Q4 2027A Phase 2 Trial of Atezolizumab and Cabozantinib in Adolescents and Young Adults With Recurrent/Metastatic Osteosarcoma (TACOS)
- Q1 2030A Feasibility and Randomized Phase 2/3 Study of the VEGFR2/MET Inhibitor Cabozantinib in Combination With Cytotoxic Chemotherapy for Newly Diagnosed Osteosarcoma
- Q2 2031A Phase II Open Label Basket Trial Study Using Eflornithine (DFMO) for Ewing Sarcoma and Osteosarcoma
- Q4 2034A Phase II Study Evaluating Efficacy of B7-H3-CAR T Cells Administered at the End of Upfront Map Chemotherapy in Patients With Newly Diagnosed High-Risk Osteosarcoma
Clinical MilestonesViewHide
- 2026-07-09A Phase II Open Label Basket Trial Study Using Eflornithine (DFMO) for Ewing Sarcoma and OsteosarcomaResults expected Q2 2031
- 2026-07-08A Feasibility and Randomized Phase 2/3 Study of the VEGFR2/MET Inhibitor Cabozantinib in Combination With Cytotoxic Chemotherapy for Newly Diagnosed OsteosarcomaResults expected Q1 2030
- 2026-05-19A Phase II Study Evaluating Efficacy of B7-H3-CAR T Cells Administered at the End of Upfront Map Chemotherapy in Patients With Newly Diagnosed High-Risk OsteosarcomaResults expected Q4 2034
- 2026-04-17A Phase 2 Trial of Atezolizumab and Cabozantinib in Adolescents and Young Adults With Recurrent/Metastatic Osteosarcoma (TACOS)Results expected Q4 2027
- 2026-04-09A Randomized, Controlled, Open-label, Multicenter Phase III Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of HS-20093 for Injection Versus Gemcitabine in Combination With Docetaxel in the Treatment of Osteosarcoma After Previous Second-line Treatment Failure (ARTEMIS-011)Results expected Q3 2026
- 2026-10-01A Phase I/II Study of Natalizumab as a Single Agent in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults With Recurrent, Refractory or Progressive Pulmonary Metastatic OsteosarcomaWithdrawn
- 2026-02-27A Phase II, Randomized, Open-label Study to Assess the Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics (PK) of Maintenance Cabozantinib (XL184) Plus Best Supportive Care (BSC) Versus BSC in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults (AYA) With Unresectable Residual Osteosarcoma Either at Diagnosis or at First Relapse After Standard TreatmentTerminated
- 2026-10-01ClinicalA Phase I/II Study of Natalizumab as a Single Agent in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults With Recurrent, Refractory or Progressive Pulmonary Metastatic OsteosarcomaWithdrawn
- 2026-07-09ClinicalA Phase II Open Label Basket Trial Study Using Eflornithine (DFMO) for Ewing Sarcoma and OsteosarcomaResults expected Q2 2031
- 2026-07-08ClinicalA Feasibility and Randomized Phase 2/3 Study of the VEGFR2/MET Inhibitor Cabozantinib in Combination With Cytotoxic Chemotherapy for Newly Diagnosed OsteosarcomaResults expected Q1 2030
- 2026-06-12ClinicalA Phase 2 Study of XL184 (Cabozantinib) in Treating Patients With Relapsed Osteosarcomas and Ewing SarcomasResults posted
- 2026-05-19ClinicalA Phase II Study Evaluating Efficacy of B7-H3-CAR T Cells Administered at the End of Upfront Map Chemotherapy in Patients With Newly Diagnosed High-Risk OsteosarcomaResults expected Q4 2034
- 2026-04-17ClinicalA Phase 2 Trial of Atezolizumab and Cabozantinib in Adolescents and Young Adults With Recurrent/Metastatic Osteosarcoma (TACOS)Results expected Q4 2027
- 2026-04-09ClinicalA Randomized, Controlled, Open-label, Multicenter Phase III Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of HS-20093 for Injection Versus Gemcitabine in Combination With Docetaxel in the Treatment of Osteosarcoma After Previous Second-line Treatment Failure (ARTEMIS-011)Results expected Q3 2026
- 2026-02-27ClinicalA Phase II, Randomized, Open-label Study to Assess the Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics (PK) of Maintenance Cabozantinib (XL184) Plus Best Supportive Care (BSC) Versus BSC in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults (AYA) With Unresectable Residual Osteosarcoma Either at Diagnosis or at First Relapse After Standard TreatmentTerminated
Therapeutic landscape
Therapies with a regulatory footing for this condition, alongside the wider set of agents co-studied with it in the literature.
Approval — Mepact is indicated in children, adolescents and young adults for the treatment of high-g… (2009)
Clinical trials
The current development programme across all trial phases.
Regulatory timeline
Drug regulatory events matched to this condition by indication — EMA.
European Medicines Agency (CC BY 4.0). Events are matched to this condition by drug indication text — approvals/updates for drugs indicated for it, not disease-specific acts.
Research activity
Key research shaping understanding of this disease, combining the latest publications with the most influential evidence.
Major themes8
- Osteosarcoma7
- Bone Neoplasms6
- Tumor Microenvironment3
- Chitinase-3-Like Protein 11
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic1
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic1
- Genetic Heterogeneity1
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease1
Leading journals6
- Frontiers in immunology2
- Nature communications2
- Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)1
- Cells1
- International journal of molecular sciences1
- Molecular cancer1
Leading researchers8
- Sun Y2
- Advani S1
- Andrew Livingston J1
- Beird HC1
- Benjamin RS1
- Bernardini G1
- Binitie O1
- Cao S1
Affiliations (unnormalised)6
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute1
- Center for Joint Surgery1
- Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM)1
- Central Laboratory of the First Hospital of Nanchang1
- Changzheng Hospital of Naval Military Medical University1
- Chiang Mai University1
Related conditions
Diseases frequently studied alongside this one. Number shows shared papers.
Disease profile
A grounded synthesis of the condition — overview, causes, mechanism, risk factors and current standard of care.
Osteosarcoma is a malignant sarcoma that arises from bone-forming cells and typically involves the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant bone sarcoma and occurs chiefly in children, adolescents, and young adults.
The supplied grounding does not identify a specific cause or aetiology for osteosarcoma. It notes that osteosarcoma is heterogeneous and that no identified driver mutation has been established in the reviewed literature.
Osteosarcoma is closely linked to a complex tumor microenvironment composed of bone, stromal, vascular, and immune cells within a mineralized extracellular matrix. The literature describes this microenvironment as supporting tumor growth, dissemination, immune escape, apoptosis resistance, migration, and drug resistance. Tumor-associated macrophages, especially M2-like macrophages, and broader immune components such as the complement system and exosomes are highlighted as important contributors.
The supplied grounding supports age as a major epidemiologic association, with osteosarcoma occurring chiefly in 10- to 25-year-old youths and also showing a second incidence peak in elderly individuals. No additional risk factors are explicitly supported in the provided material.
Current management is generally described as combined poly-chemotherapy and surgery. The literature also discusses immunotherapy and other immune-based approaches, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR T cells, bispecific antibodies, modified NK cells/macrophages, dendritic cell vaccines, and cytokines, but these are presented as active clinical development rather than established standard care.
AI-generated summary grounded in MeSH and 5 peer-reviewed sources. Informational only — not medical advice. Generated 2026-07-07.
Reference
Authoritative identity, definition & identifiers.
A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
- Disease identity & definition — NLM Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), public domain
- Clinical trials — ClinicalTrials.gov (U.S. National Library of Medicine)
- Research activity — Europe PMC (EMBL-EBI) + OpenAlex-derived paper links
- Related entities are derived from literature co-mention (studied together) — associative, not causal.