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Disease
Crohn's Disease
Late-stage therapeutic developmentEmerging researchRising momentum
17
Publications
24
Clinical trials
5
Related conditions
1
Related treatments
12
Associated genes
12
Related proteins
2024
Latest publication
Current focus
Integrin alpha-4 biologyIntegrin beta-7 biologyTherapeutic developmentGenetics & risk factorsInflammation & immunity
Latest activity
betaRecent clinical, regulatory, research and industry developments relating to this disease.
Clinical trial2026-08-06Status changed to Completed · ClinicalTrials.gov
Research2024-08-31United European gastroenterology journal
Selected Cytokines and Metalloproteinases in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Research2023-12-22International journal of molecular sciences
Research2023-12-16EBioMedicine
Research2023-12-01Journal of Crohn's & colitis
The Genetics of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Research2023-10-17Molecular diagnosis & therapy
Unraveling the Impact of Gut and Oral Microbiome on Gut Health in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.
Research2023-07-29Nutrients
What's happening now
An analyst briefing on current research, clinical, regulatory and industry activity surrounding this disease.
Executive briefingUpdating summary…Momentum: High
Key developments
- 1 regulatory approval from EMA on record.
- 6 clinical trials expected to report results, the earliest in Q3 2028.
- 2 safety actions from EMA issued.
- 1 industry development reported.
Upcoming Milestones
- Q3 2028A Phase 2b/3 Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group, Multicenter Protocol to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Icotrokinra in Participants With Moderately to Severely Active Crohn's Disease
- Q4 2028A Phase III, Multicenter, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Treat-Through Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Induction and Maintenance Therapy With RO7790121 in Patients With Moderately to Severely Active Crohn's Disease
- Q3 2029A Multicenter, Multinational, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Phase 3, Maintenance Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Duvakitug in Participants With Moderately to Severely Active Crohn's Disease
- Q3 2030A Phase 3b Extension Study to Evaluate the Long-term Safety of Vedolizumab Subcutaneous in Pediatric Subjects With Ulcerative Colitis or Crohn's Disease
- Q4 2031CNTO1959ISD3001: A Phase 3, Multicenter, Open-label, Basket, Long-term Extension Study to Evaluate the Safety of Guselkumab in Pediatric Participants With Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative Colitis, or Juvenile Psoriatic Arthritis
Major developments
Upcoming trial readoutHigh impact
Results expected Q4 20312026-08-28
Upcoming trial readoutHigh impact
Results expected Q3 20282026-07-06
Major safety communicationHigh impact
Adult Crohn’s Disease Qoyvolma is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease who have had an inadequate response with, lost response to, or were intolerant to either conventional therapy or a TNFα antagonist. Paediatric Crohn's Disease Qoyvolma is indicated for the treatment of moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease in paediatric patients weighing at least 40 kg, who have had an inadequate response to, or were intolerant to either conventional or biologic therapy. Ulcerative colitis Qoyvolma is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis who have had an inadequate response with, lost response to, or were intolerant to either conventional therapy or a biologic. Plaque psoriasis Qoyvolma is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in adults who failed to respond to, or who have a contraindication to, or are intolerant to other systemic therapies including ciclosporin, methotrexate (MTX) or PUVA (psoralen and ultraviolet A). Paediatric plaque psoriasis Qoyvolma is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in children and adolescent patients from the age of 6 years and older, who are inadequately controlled by, or are intolerant to, other systemic therapies or phototherapies. Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) Qoyvolma, alone or in combination with MTX, is indicated for the treatment of active psoriatic arthritis in adult patients when the response to previous non-biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy has been inadequate.2026-06-12
Clinical MilestonesView all 11Hide
Results posted
Results expected
- 2026-08-28CNTO1959ISD3001: A Phase 3, Multicenter, Open-label, Basket, Long-term Extension Study to Evaluate the Safety of Guselkumab in Pediatric Participants With Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative Colitis, or Juvenile Psoriatic ArthritisResults expected Q4 2031
- 2026-07-06A Phase 2b/3 Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group, Multicenter Protocol to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Icotrokinra in Participants With Moderately to Severely Active Crohn's DiseaseResults expected Q3 2028
- 2026-07-02A Phase III, Multicenter, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Treat-Through Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Induction and Maintenance Therapy With RO7790121 in Patients With Moderately to Severely Active Crohn's DiseaseResults expected Q4 2028
- 2026-06-22A Multicenter, Multinational, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Phase 3, Maintenance Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Duvakitug in Participants With Moderately to Severely Active Crohn's DiseaseResults expected Q3 2029
- 2026-06-22A Phase 3b Extension Study to Evaluate the Long-term Safety of Vedolizumab Subcutaneous in Pediatric Subjects With Ulcerative Colitis or Crohn's DiseaseResults expected Q3 2030
Recently completed
Other updates
- 2027-09-01Immunogenicity and Safety of the Adjuvanted Recombinant Zoster Vaccine in Adults with Inflammatory Bowel Disease on Biologic Immunosuppressive TherapiesWithdrawn
- 2026-04-01A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter Study Including an Active Reference Arm to Evaluate Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics of Certolizumab Pegol in Children and Adolescents (6 to 17 Years of Age) With Moderately to Severely Active Crohn's DiseaseWithdrawn
- 2026-01-01SAVES-IBD: Safety & Efficacy of Aspirin vs. Standard of Care for VTE Prophylaxis After Major Surgery for Inflammatory Bowel Disease - A Pragmatic Clinical TrialWithdrawn
+3 more in the activity timeline below
Industry & MarketViewHide
- 2026-09-06Necrotizing Granulomatous Orbital Inflammation Associated with Crohn DiseaseIndustry · Ophthalmology (AAO)
Regulatory UpdatesViewHide
- 2026-06-12Market withdrawal — UstekinumabAdult Crohn’s Disease Qoyvolma is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease who have had an inadequate response with, lost response to, or were intolerant to either conventional therapy or a TNFα antagonist. Paediatric Crohn's Disease Qoyvolma is indicated for the treatment of moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease in paediatric patients weighing at least 40 kg, who have had an inadequate response to, or were intolerant to either conventional or biologic therapy. Ulcerative colitis Qoyvolma is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis who have had an inadequate response with, lost response to, or were intolerant to either conventional therapy or a biologic. Plaque psoriasis Qoyvolma is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in adults who failed to respond to, or who have a contraindication to, or are intolerant to other systemic therapies including ciclosporin, methotrexate (MTX) or PUVA (psoralen and ultraviolet A). Paediatric plaque psoriasis Qoyvolma is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in children and adolescent patients from the age of 6 years and older, who are inadequately controlled by, or are intolerant to, other systemic therapies or phototherapies. Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) Qoyvolma, alone or in combination with MTX, is indicated for the treatment of active psoriatic arthritis in adult patients when the response to previous non-biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy has been inadequate.
- 2026-05-21Market withdrawal — InfliximabRheumatoid arthritis Inflectra, in combination with methotrexate, is indicated for the reduction of signs and symptoms as well as the improvement in physical function in: adult patients with active disease when the response to disease?modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), including methotrexate, has been inadequate; adult patients with severe, active and progressive disease not previously treated with methotrexate or other DMARDs. In these patient populations, a reduction in the rate of the progression of joint damage, as measured by X?ray, has been demonstrated. Adult Crohn’s disease Inflectra is indicated for: treatment of moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease, in adult patients who have not responded despite a full and adequate course of therapy with a corticosteroid and / or an immunosuppressant; or who are intolerant to or have medical contraindications for such therapies; treatment of fistulising, active Crohn’s disease, in adult patients who have not responded despite a full and adequate course of therapy with conventional treatment (including antibiotics, drainage and immunosuppressive therapy). Paediatric Crohn’s disease Inflectra is indicated for treatment of severe, active Crohn’s disease in children and adolescents aged six to 17 years, who have not responded to conventional therapy including a corticosteroid, an immunomodulator and primary nutrition therapy; or who are intolerant to or have contraindications for such therapies. Infliximab has been studied only in combination with conventional immunosuppressive therapy. Ulcerative colitis Inflectra is indicated for treatment of moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis in adult patients who have had an inadequate response to conventional therapy including corticosteroids and 6?mercaptopurine (6?MP) or azathioprine (AZA), or who are intolerant to or have medical contraindications for such therapies. Paediatric ulcerative colitis Inflectra is indicated for treatment of severely active ulcerative colitis in children and adolescents aged six to 17 years, who have had an inadequate response to conventional therapy including corticosteroids and 6?MP or AZA, or who are intolerant to or have medical contraindications for such therapies. Ankylosing spondylitis Inflectra is indicated for treatment of severe, active ankylosing spondylitis in adult patients who have responded inadequately to conventional therapy. Psoriatic arthritis Inflectra is indicated for treatment of active and progressive psoriatic arthritis in adult patients when the response to previous DMARD therapy has been inadequate. Inflectra should be administered: in combination with methotrexate; or alone in patients who show intolerance to methotrexate or for whom methotrexate is contraindicated. Infliximab has been shown to improve physical function in patients with psoriatic arthritis, and to reduce the rate of progression of peripheral joint damage as measured by X?ray in patients with polyarticular symmetrical subtypes of the disease. Psoriasis Inflectra is indicated for treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in adult patients who failed to respond to, or who have a contraindication to, or are intolerant to other systemic therapy including cyclosporine, methotrexate or psoralen ultra-violet A (PUVA).
- 2025-11-17Approval — UstekinumabCrohn’s Disease Usgena is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease who have had an inadequate response with, lost response to, or were intolerant to either conventional therapy or a TNFα antagonist. Ulcerative colitis Usgena is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis who have had an inadequate response with, lost response to, or were intolerant to either conventional therapy or a biologic. Plaque psoriasis Usgena is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in adults who failed to respond to, or who have a contraindication to, or are intolerant to other systemic therapies including ciclosporin, methotrexate (MTX) or PUVA (psoralen and ultraviolet A) (see section 5.1). Paediatric plaque psoriasis Usgena is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in children and adolescent patients from the age of 6 years and older, who are inadequately controlled by, or are intolerant to, other systemic therapies or phototherapies (see section 5.1). Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) Usgena, alone or in combination with MTX, is indicated for the treatment of active psoriatic arthritis in adult patients when the response to previous non-biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy has been inadequate (see section 5.1).
Activity timeline15
- 2027-09-01ClinicalImmunogenicity and Safety of the Adjuvanted Recombinant Zoster Vaccine in Adults with Inflammatory Bowel Disease on Biologic Immunosuppressive TherapiesWithdrawn
- 2026-09-06IndustryNecrotizing Granulomatous Orbital Inflammation Associated with Crohn DiseaseIndustry · Ophthalmology (AAO)
- 2026-08-28ClinicalCNTO1959ISD3001: A Phase 3, Multicenter, Open-label, Basket, Long-term Extension Study to Evaluate the Safety of Guselkumab in Pediatric Participants With Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative Colitis, or Juvenile Psoriatic ArthritisResults expected Q4 2031
- 2026-07-06ClinicalA Phase 2b/3 Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group, Multicenter Protocol to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Icotrokinra in Participants With Moderately to Severely Active Crohn's DiseaseResults expected Q3 2028
- 2026-07-02ClinicalA Phase III, Multicenter, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Treat-Through Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Induction and Maintenance Therapy With RO7790121 in Patients With Moderately to Severely Active Crohn's DiseaseResults expected Q4 2028
- 2026-06-22ClinicalA Multicenter, Multinational, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Phase 3, Maintenance Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Duvakitug in Participants With Moderately to Severely Active Crohn's DiseaseResults expected Q3 2029
- 2026-06-22ClinicalA Phase 3b Extension Study to Evaluate the Long-term Safety of Vedolizumab Subcutaneous in Pediatric Subjects With Ulcerative Colitis or Crohn's DiseaseResults expected Q3 2030
- 2026-06-12RegulatoryMarket withdrawal — UstekinumabAdult Crohn’s Disease Qoyvolma is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease who have had an inadequate response with, lost response to, or were intolerant to either conventional therapy or a TNFα antagonist. Paediatric Crohn's Disease Qoyvolma is indicated for the treatment of moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease in paediatric patients weighing at least 40 kg, who have had an inadequate response to, or were intolerant to either conventional or biologic therapy. Ulcerative colitis Qoyvolma is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis who have had an inadequate response with, lost response to, or were intolerant to either conventional therapy or a biologic. Plaque psoriasis Qoyvolma is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in adults who failed to respond to, or who have a contraindication to, or are intolerant to other systemic therapies including ciclosporin, methotrexate (MTX) or PUVA (psoralen and ultraviolet A). Paediatric plaque psoriasis Qoyvolma is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in children and adolescent patients from the age of 6 years and older, who are inadequately controlled by, or are intolerant to, other systemic therapies or phototherapies. Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) Qoyvolma, alone or in combination with MTX, is indicated for the treatment of active psoriatic arthritis in adult patients when the response to previous non-biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy has been inadequate.
- 2026-05-21RegulatoryMarket withdrawal — InfliximabRheumatoid arthritis Inflectra, in combination with methotrexate, is indicated for the reduction of signs and symptoms as well as the improvement in physical function in: adult patients with active disease when the response to disease?modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), including methotrexate, has been inadequate; adult patients with severe, active and progressive disease not previously treated with methotrexate or other DMARDs. In these patient populations, a reduction in the rate of the progression of joint damage, as measured by X?ray, has been demonstrated. Adult Crohn’s disease Inflectra is indicated for: treatment of moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease, in adult patients who have not responded despite a full and adequate course of therapy with a corticosteroid and / or an immunosuppressant; or who are intolerant to or have medical contraindications for such therapies; treatment of fistulising, active Crohn’s disease, in adult patients who have not responded despite a full and adequate course of therapy with conventional treatment (including antibiotics, drainage and immunosuppressive therapy). Paediatric Crohn’s disease Inflectra is indicated for treatment of severe, active Crohn’s disease in children and adolescents aged six to 17 years, who have not responded to conventional therapy including a corticosteroid, an immunomodulator and primary nutrition therapy; or who are intolerant to or have contraindications for such therapies. Infliximab has been studied only in combination with conventional immunosuppressive therapy. Ulcerative colitis Inflectra is indicated for treatment of moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis in adult patients who have had an inadequate response to conventional therapy including corticosteroids and 6?mercaptopurine (6?MP) or azathioprine (AZA), or who are intolerant to or have medical contraindications for such therapies. Paediatric ulcerative colitis Inflectra is indicated for treatment of severely active ulcerative colitis in children and adolescents aged six to 17 years, who have had an inadequate response to conventional therapy including corticosteroids and 6?MP or AZA, or who are intolerant to or have medical contraindications for such therapies. Ankylosing spondylitis Inflectra is indicated for treatment of severe, active ankylosing spondylitis in adult patients who have responded inadequately to conventional therapy. Psoriatic arthritis Inflectra is indicated for treatment of active and progressive psoriatic arthritis in adult patients when the response to previous DMARD therapy has been inadequate. Inflectra should be administered: in combination with methotrexate; or alone in patients who show intolerance to methotrexate or for whom methotrexate is contraindicated. Infliximab has been shown to improve physical function in patients with psoriatic arthritis, and to reduce the rate of progression of peripheral joint damage as measured by X?ray in patients with polyarticular symmetrical subtypes of the disease. Psoriasis Inflectra is indicated for treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in adult patients who failed to respond to, or who have a contraindication to, or are intolerant to other systemic therapy including cyclosporine, methotrexate or psoralen ultra-violet A (PUVA).
- 2026-05-19ClinicalA Phase 3 Extension Study to Evaluate the Long-term Safety and Efficacy of Tulisokibart in Participants With Crohn's Disease or Ulcerative ColitisResults expected Q4 2037
Therapeutic landscape
Therapies with a regulatory footing for this condition, alongside the wider set of agents co-studied with it in the literature.
Approved & established therapies
Ustekinumabapproved
Approval — Crohn’s Disease Usgena is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately… (2025)
Adalimumabapproved
Approval — Rheumatoid arthritis Hukyndra in combination with methotrexate, is indicated for: -… (2021)
Research-associated treatments
Clinical trials
The current development programme across all trial phases.
Clinical programme
24
6
18
6
Late-stage studies
Recruiting
Recently completed
Regulatory timeline
Drug regulatory events matched to this condition by indication — EMA.
First approvals
2025emaApproval — Ustekinumab· Crohn’s Disease Usgena is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease who have had an inadequate response with, lost response to, or were intolerant to either conventional therapy or a TNFα antagonist. Ulcerative colitis Usgena is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis who have had an inadequate response with, lost response to, or were intolerant to either conventional therapy or a biologic. Plaque psoriasis Usgena is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in adults who failed to respond to, or who have a contraindication to, or are intolerant to other systemic therapies including ciclosporin, methotrexate (MTX) or PUVA (psoralen and ultraviolet A) (see section 5.1). Paediatric plaque psoriasis Usgena is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in children and adolescent patients from the age of 6 years and older, who are inadequately controlled by, or are intolerant to, other systemic therapies or phototherapies (see section 5.1). Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) Usgena, alone or in combination with MTX, is indicated for the treatment of active psoriatic arthritis in adult patients when the response to previous non-biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy has been inadequate (see section 5.1). source ↗
2025emaApproval — Ustekinumab· Plaque psoriasis Usrenty is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in adults who failed to respond to, or who have a contraindication to, or are intolerant to other systemic therapies including ciclosporin, methotrexate (MTX) or PUVA (psoralen and ultraviolet A). Paediatric plaque psoriasis Usrenty is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in children and adolescent patients from the age of 6 years and older, who are inadequately controlled by, or are intolerant to, other systemic therapies or phototherapies. Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) Usrenty, alone or in combination with MTX, is indicated for the treatment of active psoriatic arthritis in adult patients when the response to previous non-biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy has been inadequate. Crohn’s Disease Usrenty is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease who have had an inadequate response with, lost response to, or were intolerant to either conventional therapy or a TNFα antagonist. source ↗
2025emaApproval — Ustekinumab· Plaque psoriasis Yesintek is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in adults who failed to respond to, or who have a contraindication to, or are intolerant to other systemic therapies including ciclosporin, methotrexate (MTX) or PUVA (psoralen and ultraviolet A). Paediatric plaque psoriasis Yesintek is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in children and adolescent patients from the age of 6 years and older, who are inadequately controlled by, or are intolerant to, other systemic therapies or phototherapies. Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) Yesintek, alone or in combination with MTX, is indicated for the treatment of active psoriatic arthritis in adult patients when the response to previous non-biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy has been inadequate. Adult Crohn’s Disease Yesintek is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease who have had an inadequate response with lost response to, or were intolerant to either conventional therapy or a TNFα (tumor necrosis factor alpha) antagonist or have medical contraindications to such therapies Paediatric Crohn's Disease (applicable only for vial and PFS presentations) Yesintek is indicated for the treatment of moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease in paediatric patients weighing at least 40 kg, who have had an inadequate response to, or were intolerant to either conventional or biologic therapy. source ↗
2024emaApproval — Ustekinumab· Plaque psoriasisFymskina is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in adults who failed to respond to, or who have a contraindication to, or are intolerant to other systemic therapies including ciclosporin, methotrexate (MTX) or PUVA (psoralen and ultraviolet A).Paediatric plaque psoriasisFymskina is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in children and adolescent patients from the age of 6 years and older, and who are inadequately controlled by, or are intolerant to, other systemic therapies or phototherapies. Psoriatic arthritis (PsA)Fymskina, alone or in combination with MTX, is indicated for the treatment of active psoriatic arthritis in adult patients when the response to previous non-biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy has been inadequate. Crohn’s DiseaseFymskina is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease who have had an inadequate response with, lost response to, or were intolerant to either conventional therapy or a TNFα antagonist or have medical contraindications to such therapies. source ↗
2024emaApproval — Ustekinumab· Plaque psoriasis Steqeyma is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in adults who failed to respond to, or who have a contraindication to, or are intolerant to other systemic therapies including ciclosporin, methotrexate (MTX) or PUVA (psoralen and ultraviolet A). Paediatric plaque psoriasis Steqeyma is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in children and adolescent patients from the age of 6 years and older, who are inadequately controlled by, or are intolerant to, other systemic therapies or phototherapies. Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) Steqeyma alone or in combination with MTX, is indicated for the treatment of active psoriatic arthritis in adult patients when the response to previous non-biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy has been inadequate. Adult Crohn’s Disease Steqeyma is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease who have had an inadequate response with, lost response to, or were intolerant to either conventional therapy or a TNFα antagonist. Paediatric Crohn's Disease Steqeyma is indicated for the treatment of moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease in paediatric patients weighing at least 40 kg, who have had an inadequate response to, or were intolerant to either conventional or biologic therapy. Ulcerative colitis Steqeyma is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis who have had an inadequate response with, lost response to, or were intolerant to either conventional therapy or a biologic. source ↗
2024emaApproval — Ustekinumab· Crohn’s diseaseWezenla is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease who have had an inadequate response with, lost response to, or were intolerant to either conventional therapy or a TNFα antagonist or have medical contraindications to such therapies. Pediatric Crohn's diseaseWezenla is indicated for the treatment of moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease in paediatric patients from the age of 2 years and older, who have had an inadequate response to, or were intolerant to either conventional or biologic therapy.Plaque psoriasisWezenla is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in adults who failed to respond to, or who have a contraindication to, or are intolerant to other systemic therapies including ciclosporin, methotrexate (MTX) or PUVA (psoralen and ultraviolet A) (see section 5.1).Paediatric plaque psoriasisWezenla is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in children and adolescent patients from the age of 6 years and older, who are inadequately controlled by, or are intolerant to, other systemic therapies or phototherapies (see section 5.1).Psoriatic arthritis (PsA)Wezenla, alone or in combination with MTX, is indicated for the treatment of active psoriatic arthritis in adult patients when the response to previous non-biological disease-modifying anti rheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy has been inadequate (see section 5.1). source ↗
2024emaApproval — Ustekinumab· Plaque psoriasisUzpruvo is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in adults who failed to respond to, or who have a contraindication to, or are intolerant to other systemic therapies including ciclosporin, methotrexate (MTX) or PUVA (psoralen and ultraviolet A).Paediatric plaque psoriasisUzpruvo is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in children and adolescent patients from the age of 6 years and older, who are inadequately controlled by, or are intolerant to, other systemic therapies or phototherapies.Psoriatic arthritis (PsA)Uzpruvo, alone or in combination with MTX, is indicated for the treatment of active psoriatic arthritis in adult patients when the response to previous non-biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy has been inadequate.Adult Crohn’s DiseaseUzpruvo is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease who have had an inadequate response with, lost response to, or were intolerant to either conventional therapy or a TNFα antagonist or have medical contraindications to such therapies. Paediatric Crohn's DiseaseUzpruvo is indicated for the treatment of moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease in paediatric patients from the age of 2 years and older, who have had an inadequate response to, or were intolerant to either conventional or biologic therapy. Ulcerative colitis Uzpruvo is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis who have had an inadequate response with, lost response to, or were intolerant to either conventional therapy or a biologic. source ↗
2021emaApproval — Adalimumab· Rheumatoid arthritis Hukyndra in combination with methotrexate, is indicated for: - the treatment of moderate to severe, active rheumatoid arthritis in adult patients when the response to disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) including methotrexate has been inadequate. - the treatment of severe, active and progressive rheumatoid arthritis in adults not previously treated with methotrexate. Hukyndra can be given as monotherapy in case of intolerance to methotrexate or when continued treatment with methotrexate is inappropriate. Adalimumab has been shown to reduce the rate of progression of joint damage as measured by X-ray and to improve physical function, when given in combination with methotrexate. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis Polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis Hukyndra in combination with methotrexate is indicated for the treatment of active polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis, in patients from the age of 2 years who have had an inadequate response to one or more DMARD. Hukyndra can be given as monotherapy in case of intolerance to methotrexate or when continued treatment with methotrexate is inappropriate (for the efficacy in monotherapy see section 5.1). Adalimumab has not been studied in patients aged less than 2 years. Enthesitis-related arthritis Hukyndra is indicated for the treatment of active enthesitis-related arthritis in patients, 6 years of age and older, who have had an inadequate response to, or who are intolerant of, conventional therapy (see section 5.1). Axial spondyloarthritis Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) Hukyndra is indicated for the treatment of adults with severe active AS who have had an inadequate response to conventional therapy. Axial spondyloarthritis without radiographic evidence of AS Hukyndra is indicated for the treatment of adults with severe axial spondyloarthritis without radiographic evidence of AS but with objective signs of inflammation by elevated CRP and/or MRI, who have had an inadequate response to, or are intolerant to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Psoriatic arthritis Hukyndra is indicated for the treatment of active and progressive psoriatic arthritis in adults when the response to previous DMARD therapy has been inadequate. Adalimumab has been shown to reduce the rate of progression of peripheral joint damage as measured by X-ray in patients with polyarticular symmetrical subtypes of the disease (see section 5.1) and to improve physical function. Psoriasis Hukyndra is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis in adult patients who are candidates for systemic therapy. Paediatric plaque psoriasis Hukyndra is indicated for the treatment of severe chronic plaque psoriasis in children and adolescents from 4 years of age who have had an inadequate response to or are inappropriate candidates for topical therapy and phototherapies. Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) Hukyndra is indicated for the treatment of active moderate to severe HS (acne inversa) in adults and adolescents from 12 years of age with an inadequate response to conventional systemic HS therapy (see sections 5.1 and 5.2). Crohn’s disease Hukyndra is indicated for treatment of moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease, in adult patients who have not responded despite a full and adequate course of therapy with a corticosteroid and/or an immunosuppressant; or who are intolerant to or have medical contraindications for such therapies. Paediatric Crohn's disease Hukyndra is indicated for the treatment of moderately to severely active Crohn's disease in paediatric patients (from 6 years of age) who have had an inadequate response to conventional therapy including primary nutrition therapy and a corticosteroid and/or an immunomodulator, or who are intolerant to or have contraindications for such therapies. Ulcerative colitis Hukyndra is indicated for treatment of moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis in adult patients who have had an inadequate response to conventional therapy including corticosteroids and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) or azathioprine (AZA), or who are intolerant to or have medical contraindications for such therapies. Paediatric ulcerative colitis Hukyndra is indicated for the treatment of moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis in paediatric patients (from 6 years of age) who have had an inadequate response to conventional therapy including corticosteroids and/or 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) or azathioprine (AZA), or who are intolerant to or have medical contraindications for such therapies. Uveitis Hukyndra is indicated for the treatment of non-infectious intermediate, posterior and panuveitis in adult patients who have had an inadequate response to corticosteroids, in patients in need of corticosteroid-sparing, or in whom corticosteroid treatment is inappropriate. Paediatric uveitis Hukyndra is indicated for the treatment of paediatric chronic non-infectious anterior uveitis in patients from 2 years of age who have had an inadequate response to or are intolerant to conventional therapy, or in whom conventional therapy is inappropriate. source ↗
Safety updates
2026emaMarket withdrawal — Ustekinumab· Adult Crohn’s Disease Qoyvolma is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease who have had an inadequate response with, lost response to, or were intolerant to either conventional therapy or a TNFα antagonist. Paediatric Crohn's Disease Qoyvolma is indicated for the treatment of moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease in paediatric patients weighing at least 40 kg, who have had an inadequate response to, or were intolerant to either conventional or biologic therapy. Ulcerative colitis Qoyvolma is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis who have had an inadequate response with, lost response to, or were intolerant to either conventional therapy or a biologic. Plaque psoriasis Qoyvolma is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in adults who failed to respond to, or who have a contraindication to, or are intolerant to other systemic therapies including ciclosporin, methotrexate (MTX) or PUVA (psoralen and ultraviolet A). Paediatric plaque psoriasis Qoyvolma is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in children and adolescent patients from the age of 6 years and older, who are inadequately controlled by, or are intolerant to, other systemic therapies or phototherapies. Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) Qoyvolma, alone or in combination with MTX, is indicated for the treatment of active psoriatic arthritis in adult patients when the response to previous non-biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy has been inadequate. source ↗
2026emaMarket withdrawal — Infliximab· Rheumatoid arthritis Inflectra, in combination with methotrexate, is indicated for the reduction of signs and symptoms as well as the improvement in physical function in: adult patients with active disease when the response to disease?modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), including methotrexate, has been inadequate; adult patients with severe, active and progressive disease not previously treated with methotrexate or other DMARDs. In these patient populations, a reduction in the rate of the progression of joint damage, as measured by X?ray, has been demonstrated. Adult Crohn’s disease Inflectra is indicated for: treatment of moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease, in adult patients who have not responded despite a full and adequate course of therapy with a corticosteroid and / or an immunosuppressant; or who are intolerant to or have medical contraindications for such therapies; treatment of fistulising, active Crohn’s disease, in adult patients who have not responded despite a full and adequate course of therapy with conventional treatment (including antibiotics, drainage and immunosuppressive therapy). Paediatric Crohn’s disease Inflectra is indicated for treatment of severe, active Crohn’s disease in children and adolescents aged six to 17 years, who have not responded to conventional therapy including a corticosteroid, an immunomodulator and primary nutrition therapy; or who are intolerant to or have contraindications for such therapies. Infliximab has been studied only in combination with conventional immunosuppressive therapy. Ulcerative colitis Inflectra is indicated for treatment of moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis in adult patients who have had an inadequate response to conventional therapy including corticosteroids and 6?mercaptopurine (6?MP) or azathioprine (AZA), or who are intolerant to or have medical contraindications for such therapies. Paediatric ulcerative colitis Inflectra is indicated for treatment of severely active ulcerative colitis in children and adolescents aged six to 17 years, who have had an inadequate response to conventional therapy including corticosteroids and 6?MP or AZA, or who are intolerant to or have medical contraindications for such therapies. Ankylosing spondylitis Inflectra is indicated for treatment of severe, active ankylosing spondylitis in adult patients who have responded inadequately to conventional therapy. Psoriatic arthritis Inflectra is indicated for treatment of active and progressive psoriatic arthritis in adult patients when the response to previous DMARD therapy has been inadequate. Inflectra should be administered: in combination with methotrexate; or alone in patients who show intolerance to methotrexate or for whom methotrexate is contraindicated. Infliximab has been shown to improve physical function in patients with psoriatic arthritis, and to reduce the rate of progression of peripheral joint damage as measured by X?ray in patients with polyarticular symmetrical subtypes of the disease. Psoriasis Inflectra is indicated for treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in adult patients who failed to respond to, or who have a contraindication to, or are intolerant to other systemic therapy including cyclosporine, methotrexate or psoralen ultra-violet A (PUVA). source ↗
2024emaMarket withdrawal — Darvadstrocel· Alofisel is indicated for the treatment of complex perianal fistulas in adult patients with non-active/mildly active luminal Crohn’s disease, when fistulas have shown an inadequate response to at least one conventional or biologic therapy. Alofisel should be used after conditioning of fistula. source ↗
European Medicines Agency (CC BY 4.0). Events are matched to this condition by drug indication text — approvals/updates for drugs indicated for it, not disease-specific acts.
Research activity
Key research shaping understanding of this disease, combining the latest publications with the most influential evidence.
Publications over time
20002024
Most influential
Recent publications
Major themes8
- Crohn Disease5
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases5
- Colitis, Ulcerative3
- Aging1
- Artificial Intelligence1
- Beverages1
- Biological Products1
- Capsule Endoscopy1
Leading journals6
- Gut4
- Nature2
- The New England journal of medicine2
- BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy1
- EBioMedicine1
- Endoscopy1
Leading researchers8
- Danese S2
- Fiorino G2
- Abraham C1
- Adams DH1
- Adler SN1
- Aebisher D1
- Al-Marzooq F1
- Al-Saleh J1
Affiliations (unnormalised)6
- San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital2
- Biosciences Institute1
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust1
- Cambridge University Hospitals Trust1
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute1
- Catholic University1
Associated genes
Genes associated with this disease in the canonical knowledge graph (Open Targets evidence). Number shows the association score.
Disease biology
Proteins whose encoding gene is associated with this disease, reached through the canonical gene→disease graph. Number shows the gene's association score.
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2via NOD20.80Interleukin-12 subunit betavia IL12B0.74Integrin alpha-4via ITGA40.72Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2via JAK20.69Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2via TYK20.68Tumor necrosis factorvia TNF0.62Interleukin-23 subunit alphavia IL23A0.61Interleukin-10via IL100.61Integrin beta-7via ITGB70.60Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK1via JAK10.56Integrin beta-1via ITGB10.56Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK3via JAK30.56
Related conditions
Diseases frequently studied alongside this one. Number shows shared papers.
Disease profile
A grounded synthesis of the condition — overview, causes, mechanism, risk factors and current standard of care.
Overview
Crohn disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the digestive tract that can affect any segment from the mouth to the anus. It most often involves the ileum, cecum, and colon, and the inflammation is characteristically patchy, asymmetric, and transmural, extending through the full thickness of the bowel wall. Epithelioid granulomas may be present in some patients.
Causes
The precise cause is not fully elucidated. The supplied literature supports a multifactorial basis involving genetic susceptibility and the gut microbiome, with host-microbe interactions implicated in disease development and progression.
Pathophysiology
Crohn disease is marked by chronic transmural intestinal inflammation, with involvement of the mucosa through the serosa. The literature grounding also points to altered host-microbiome interactions and pro-inflammatory versus anti-inflammatory microbial features as part of the disease biology. Granulomatous inflammation can occur in some patients.
Risk factors
Genetic susceptibility is supported by genome-wide association findings in inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn disease. The gut microbiome is also implicated as a disease-associated factor, and dietary patterns are associated with pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory microbiome features in Crohn disease cohorts.
Current standard of care
The supplied grounding supports drug therapy with biologics, particularly anti-TNF therapy such as infliximab, and broader monoclonal antibody-based treatment. It also supports diagnostic evaluation with small-bowel capsule endoscopy and device-assisted enteroscopy in small-bowel disorders, which includes Crohn disease in the literature context. The review material additionally indicates ongoing interest in microbiome-directed therapeutic intervention, but does not establish a specific standard modality beyond biologic therapy and diagnostic endoscopy.
AI-generated summary grounded in MeSH and 6 peer-reviewed sources. Informational only — not medical advice. Generated 2026-07-07.
Reference
Authoritative identity, definition & identifiers.
Defined in MeSH
A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.
Identifiers
References & data sources
- Disease identity & definition — NLM Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), public domain
- Clinical trials — ClinicalTrials.gov (U.S. National Library of Medicine)
- Research activity — Europe PMC (EMBL-EBI) + OpenAlex-derived paper links
- Related entities are derived from literature co-mention (studied together) — associative, not causal.