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Disease

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Late-stage therapeutic developmentActively researchedRising momentum
74
Publications
20
Clinical trials
12
Related conditions
1
Related treatments
4
Related proteins
2025
Latest publication
Current focus
Mucins biologyTherapeutic developmentInflammation & immunityMetabolic & lifestyle factors
Latest activity
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Recent clinical, regulatory, research and industry developments relating to this disease.

Revolutionizing immune research with organoid-based co-culture and chip systems.

Research2024-09-01Clinical and experimental immunology

The emerging role of the gut microbiota and its application in inflammatory bowel disease.

Research2024-08-19Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie

What's happening now

An analyst briefing on current research, clinical, regulatory and industry activity surrounding this disease.

Therapeutic landscape

Therapies with a regulatory footing for this condition, alongside the wider set of agents co-studied with it in the literature.

Approved & established therapies
Azathioprineapproved

Approval — Jayempi is indicated in combination with other immunosuppressive agents for the prophylax… (2021)

Research-associated treatments

Clinical trials

16 sponsors · 1 new · 1 completed in the last 12 months (net +1)

The current development programme across all trial phases.

Clinical programme
20
All trials
6
Active
14
Late-stage
6
Completed
Late-stage studies
Recruiting
Recently completed

Regulatory timeline

Drug regulatory events matched to this condition by indication — EMA.

First approvals
2021emaApprovalAzathioprine· Jayempi is indicated in combination with other immunosuppressive agents for the prophylaxis of transplant rejection in patients receiving allogenic kidney, liver, heart, lung or pancreas transplants. Azathioprine is indicated in immunosuppressive regimens as an adjunct to immunosuppressive agents that form the mainstay of treatment (basis immunosuppression). Jayempi is used as an immunosuppressant antimetabolite either alone or, more commonly, in combination with other agents (usually corticosteroids) and/ or procedures which influence the immune response. Jayempi is indicated in patients who are intolerant to glucocorticosteroids or if the therapeutic response is inadequate despite treatment with high doses of glucocorticosteroids, in the following diseases: severe active rheumatoid arthritis (chronic polyarthritis) that cannot be kept under control by less toxic agents (disease-modifying anti-rheumatic -medicinal products – DMARDs) auto-immune hepatitis  systemic lupus erythematosus dermatomyositis polyarteritis nodosa pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid Behçet’s disease refractory auto-immune haemolytic anaemia, caused by warm IgG antibodies chronic refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura Jayempi is used for the treatment of moderately severe to severe forms of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis) in patients in whom glucocorticosteroid therapy is necessary, but where glucocorticosteroids are not tolerated, or in whom the disease is untreatable with other common means of first choice. It is also indicated in adult patients in relapsing multiple sclerosis, if an immunomodulatory therapy is indicated but beta interferon therapy is not possible, or a stable course has been achieved with previous treatment with azathioprine. 3 Jayempi is indicated for the treatment of generalised myasthenia gravis. Depending on the severity of the disease, Jayempi should be given in combination with glucocorticosteroids because of slow onset of action at the beginning of treatment and the glucocorticosteroid dose should be gradually reduced after several months of treatment. source ↗

European Medicines Agency (CC BY 4.0). Events are matched to this condition by drug indication text — approvals/updates for drugs indicated for it, not disease-specific acts.

Research activity

74 papers

Key research shaping understanding of this disease, combining the latest publications with the most influential evidence.

Publications over time
20122025
Recent publications
Major themes8
  • Inflammatory Bowel Diseases35
  • Gastrointestinal Microbiome25
  • Microbiota8
  • Colitis5
  • Colitis, Ulcerative5
  • Crohn Disease4
  • Diet4
  • Homeostasis4
Leading journals6
  • Frontiers in immunology8
  • International journal of molecular sciences8
  • Gut5
  • Nature communications4
  • Nutrients4
  • EBioMedicine3
Leading researchers8
  • Liu Y3
  • Armuzzi A2
  • Bergen SE2
  • Butterworth AS2
  • Cammarota G2
  • Danese S2
  • Danesh J2
  • Deleu S2
Affiliations (unnormalised)6
  • Imperial College London5
  • University of Cambridge4
  • School of Medicine3
  • University Medical Center Groningen3
  • Wellcome Sanger Institute3
  • Biomedical Center2

Disease biology

4 matches

Key proteins & gene products studied in this disease. Number shows shared papers.

Related conditions

12 matches

Diseases frequently studied alongside this one. Number shows shared papers.

Disease profile

A grounded synthesis of the condition — overview, causes, mechanism, risk factors and current standard of care.

Overview

Inflammatory bowel diseases are chronic, non-specific inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. The term includes Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis. The literature describes them as heterogeneous conditions involving clinical, immunological, molecular, genetic, and microbial variation.

Causes

The etiology is described as multifactorial, with genetic and environmental contributions. Review abstracts also describe a complex interplay between genetic, immunologic, microbial, and environmental factors. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome is increasingly considered causally related to inflammatory bowel diseases.

Pathophysiology

The disease is associated with disturbed host-microbe interactions and functional dysbiosis in the gut microbiome. Literature highlights reduced short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria and reduced fecal short-chain fatty acids in active disease, alongside impaired intestinal homeostasis and barrier function. Reviews also emphasize roles for innate immunity, cytokines, interleukin-23, mucins, and intestinal permeability in the inflammatory process.

Risk factors

Environmental factors are implicated in disease risk, and dysbiosis of the gut microbiome is described as causally related. A Western lifestyle is noted as strongly affecting the microbiome changes associated with inflammatory bowel diseases. Genetic factors are also part of the risk background described in the supplied material.

Current standard of care

The supplied grounding supports treatment at the modality level rather than specific regimens. Literature coverage includes therapy and drug therapy, and the co-studied dextran sulfate indicates use in experimental or model contexts rather than standard treatment. The review abstracts also discuss microbiota-directed approaches such as probiotics and manipulation of gut microbiota, but no definitive standard drug-class treatment is specified in the grounding.

AI-generated summary grounded in MeSH and 6 peer-reviewed sources. Informational only — not medical advice. Generated 2026-07-07.

Reference

Authoritative identity, definition & identifiers.

Defined in MeSH

Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.

References & data sources
  • Disease identity & definition — NLM Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), public domain
  • Clinical trials — ClinicalTrials.gov (U.S. National Library of Medicine)
  • Research activity — Europe PMC (EMBL-EBI) + OpenAlex-derived paper links
  • Related entities are derived from literature co-mention (studied together) — associative, not causal.